Substance intoxication explained

Substance intoxication

Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance.[1] It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible.[2] If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium" may be used.[3] Slang terms for the state include: getting high (generic), and being stoned, cooked, or fried (usually in reference to cannabis).

Substance intoxication may often accompany a substance use disorder (SUD); if persistent substance-related problems exist, SUD is the preferred diagnosis.[4]

The term "intoxication" in common use most often refers to alcohol intoxication.

Classification

The ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders due to psychoactive substance use shows:[5]

Caffeine

The discussion over whether the coffee (caffeine) "buzz" counted as intoxication or not was hotly debated during the early to mid 16th century.[6]

Contact high

See main article: Contact high. Contact high is a phenomenon that occurs in otherwise sober people who experience a drug-like effect just by coming into contact with someone who is under the influence of a psychoactive drug. In a similar way to the placebo effect, a contact high may be caused by classical conditioning as well as by the physical and socialsetting.[7] [8]

The term is often incorrectly used to describe the high obtained from passive inhalation of marijuana.[9]

Slang terms

See main article: Drug culture. Slang terms include: getting high (generic), being stoned, cooked, or blazed (usually in reference to cannabis),[10] and many more specific slang terms for particular intoxicants. Alcohol intoxication is graded in intensity from buzzed, to tipsy then drunk all the way up to hammered, plastered, smashed, wasted, destroyed, shitfaced and a number of other terms. The term rolling is a common word used to describe being under the influence of MDMA and for LSD the phrases frying or tripping have been used. "Tripping" is a term that is considered applicable to virtually all hallucinogens which includes psychedelics, dissociatives, deliriants and possibly certain types of hypnotics.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Michael B. First. Allan Tasman. Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders. 27 April 2010. 2 October 2009. John Wiley and Sons. 978-0-470-74520-5. 146–.
  2. Book: Michael B. First. Allen Frances. Harold Alan Pincus. DSM-IV-TR guidebook. registration. 27 April 2010. 2004. American Psychiatric Pub. 978-1-58562-068-5. 135–.
  3. Book: William H. Reid. Michael G. Wise. DSM-IV training guide. 27 April 2010. 26 August 1995. Psychology Press. 978-0-87630-768-7. 80–.
  4. Web site: Acute intoxication . https://web.archive.org/web/20040704055527/http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/acute_intox/en/ . dead . July 4, 2004 . World Health Organization . 2020-01-31.
  5. Drs; Web site: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines . Norman. Sartorius. Norman Sartorius. Henderson. A.S.. Strotzka. H.. Lipowski. Z. . Yu-cun. Shen. You-xin. Xu . Strömgren. E. . Glatzel. J. . Kühne. G.-E.. Misès. R.. Soldatos. C.R. . Pull. C.B.. Giel. R.. Jegede. R.. Malt. U. . Nadzharov. R.A.. Smulevitch. A.B.. Hagberg. B.. Perris. C.. Scharfetter. C. . Clare. A. . Cooper. J.E. . Corbett. J.A. . Griffith Edwards . J. . Gelder. M.. Goldberg. D.. Gossop. M.. Graham. P.. Kendell. R.E. . Marks. I.. Russell. G.. Rutter. M.. Shepherd. M.. West . D.J.. Wing . J. . Wing. L.. Neki. J.S. . Benson. F.. Cantwell. D. . Guze. S. . Helzer. J.. Holzman. P.. Kleinman. A.. Kupfer. D.J.. Mezzich. J. . Spitzer. R. . Lokar . J. . . . bluebook.doc . 65–76 . 24 June 2021 . Microsoft Bing.
  6. Book: Brown, Daniel W.. A new introduction to Islam. Wiley-Blackwell. Chichester, West Sussex. 2004. 149–51. 978-1-4051-5807-7.
  7. Dr. Bozzetti Replies. 10.1176/ajp.124.11.1600-b. 1968. Bozzetti. L.. American Journal of Psychiatry. 124. 11.
  8. Tripping on nothing: Placebo psychedelics and contextual factors. 10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5. 2020. Olson. Jay A.. Suissa-Rocheleau. Léah. Lifshitz. Michael. Raz. Amir. Veissière. Samuel P. L.. Psychopharmacology. 237. 5. 1371–1382. 32144438. 212577549.
  9. The Vocabulary of the Drug User and Alcoholic: A Glossary. International Journal of the Addictions. Keup. Wolfram. Jan 1971. 6. 2. 353. 10.3109/10826087109057793. 4950517.
  10. Marijuana Argot As Subculture Threads . Johnson BD, Bardhi F, Sifaneck SJ, Dunlap E . 2005 . . 46 . 1 . 46–77 . 10.1093/bjc/azi053.

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