Drag panic explained

Drag panic (also called drag queen panic or anti-drag hysteria) is a moral panic that stems from the belief that exposure to drag, especially for minors, can be harmful, due to its perceived sexual nature.[1] [2] [3] Drag panic has motivated protests and attacks against the LGBTQ+ community by extremist groups, and often includes the belief that all-ages drag performances are attempts by the LGBTQ+ community to sexualize or recruit children.[4] [5]

Anti-drag sentiment (and broader anti-trans and anti-LGBTQ+ sentiment), which had been building for a number of years, became more prominent in 2019.[6] Since then, a series of rallies and counter-rallies have been held in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and in other countries, largely against drag queens reading children's books at family events.[7] Throughout 2022, there were at least 141 incidents of protests and harassment towards drag events in the United States alone.[8] Drag panic has been suggested as a motivator for the fire bombing of an Oklahoma doughnut shop[9] and the Club Q mass shooting, among other violent incidents.[10] [11]

Background

Throughout much of the early-twentieth century, drag performances in the United States were criminalized under cross dressing laws.[12] The 1969 Stonewall Riots began after the New York City Police Department sought to arrest people for violating of New York's cross-dressing law (which required individuals to wear at least three articles of clothing of their assigned sex).[13]

As such laws were relaxed in the second half of the 20th century, drag appeared in works of wide popular relevance, such as Some Like It Hot (1959) and The Birdcage (1996), and the Australian film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994).[14] In the early 21st century, the art of drag continued to gain popularity and went mainstream in American culture, such as via RuPaul's Drag Race,[15] Queen of the Universe,[16] and Drag Den.[17]

By 2019, as a reaction to the mainstream profile of drag, right-wing figures such as Chaya Raichik,[18] Matt Walsh,[19] [20] Tucker Carlson,[21] Michael Knowles,[22] Dennis Prager,[23] Candace Owens,[24] and Ben Shapiro,[25] began to link drag queens to the LGBT grooming conspiracy theory, calling to limit their visibility.[22] [26] [27] Subsequently, a number of American states (with a Republican majority)[28] [29] proposed and approved laws intended to limit drag queen performances in public.[30] [31] Some protestors at LGBTQ+ and drag events have been armed with guns and explosives, and/or engaged in acts of violence or property damage. Similar anti-drag protests, sometimes amounting to threats or violence, have since been made in Australia,[32] Canada,[33] the UK[34] [35] and elsewhere, often influenced by these American right-wing figures.[36]

By region

North America

United States

Protests against drag performances, especially Drag Queen Story Hour, increased after the 2021 attacks at the United States Capitol.[37] The most vocal opponents are mostly affiliated with alt-right groups. Former Fox News host Tucker Carlson suggested that drag events could "indoctrinate or sexualize" children. Protestors also have expressed homophobic conspiracy theories that performers are grooming children.[38] [39] The Anti-Defamation League reported that the child abuse conspiracy theory has been fueled by the Libs of TikTok, a far-right Twitter account.

LGBTQ media advocacy group GLAAD reported over 140 threats against drag shows in the US, throughout 2022.[40] According to a 2022 GLAAD analysis of United States media, social media, and news coverage, as of December 14, 2022, there had been at least "141 incidents in 2022 of anti-LGBTQ protests and threats targeting specific drag events, including during Pride festivities and false rhetoric against performers deployed in campaign ads for the midterm elections." The report also stated incidents included "armed white supremacists demonstrating in Texas and the firebombing of a Tulsa donut shop that had hosted a drag event in October."[41] USA Today reported that harassment including threats of lynching and castration had been made to drag performers.[42]

In June 2022, "Drag Your Kids to Pride", an event at Mr Misster, a gay bar in Cedar Springs, Texas, resulted in protests after videos from the event showed drag queens dancing while children and their parents watched and tipped them.[43] Attendees said the event was a celebration; the children played musical chairs and some of them walked on the catwalk with performers.[44] Protesters accused the organizers and performers of "grooming" children and objected to a sign in the background of the club that read, "It’s Not Gonna Lick Itself".[45] In response, protesters made transphobic and homophobic remarks, as well as sending several hundred threatening emails, making threatening phones calls, and leaving negative reviews online. Republican Representative Bryan Slaton from northeast Texas said he would file a bill to ban children from viewing such events.[46]

A January 2023 report by the Anti-Defamation League, titled "Online Amplifiers of Anti-LGBTQ+ Extremism" noted groups involved in protests against drag shows included Gays Against Groomers, Blaze Media, the Texas Family Project, Defend Our Kids Texas, and the Aryan Freedom Network.[47]

In May 2023, masked neo-Nazi groups in Ohio protested a drag event in Columbus, carrying anti-drag and anti-trans banners, such as one that read, "there will be blood."[48] [49]

In May 2023, Montana became the first state in the United States to specifically ban people dressed in drag from reading books to children at public schools and libraries regardless of the sexual significance of the event.[50] [51] In July 2023, a federal judge blocked the ban from taking effect. In October 2023, another federal judge upheld the block.[52]

In June 2023, Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed a law banning public drag performances.[53] In September 2023, a federal judge blocked the ban from taking effect saying it was unconstitutional.[54] Also in June 2023, a U.S. judge blocked a Florida law restricting drag performances from taking effect.[55]

In mid-June 2022, the far-right Twitter account Libs of TikTok condemned the upcoming Coeur d'Alene, Idaho's "Pride in the Park" festival due to a "family-friendly drag performance."[56] On June 11, 2022, during the pride event, law enforcement arrested 31 members of the white nationalist hate group Patriot Front, later charging them with conspiracy to riot.[57]

In July 2023, Kristi Maris, a schoolteacher of nineteen years, was fired from her job at the First Baptist Academy in Baytown, Texas after posting a picture of herself attending a drag show at Hamburger Mary's in Houston on Facebook with the caption, "This was such a blast!!!!". The email that Maris received from the school about the termination of her job claimed that she had breached the school's operating policies manual, which stated that employees "will act in a godly and moral fashion at work, on Facebook and in (the teachers') community".[58]

Tennessee drag ban

See main article: article and Tennessee Adult Entertainment Act. On March 2, 2023, Tennessee governor Bill Lee signed the Tennessee Senate Bill 3 to equate drag queen performances with sexual performers.[59] This bill faced widespread opposition throughout the United States, including from politicians and drag queens.[60] Subsequently, a 1977 photo emerged of Lee dressed in a female cheerleading outfit in the company of high school classmates.[61] [62] The ban was later ruled unconstitutional in June 2023 in federal district court.[63] On July 18, 2024, a three-judge panel on the Sixth Circuit reinstated the law by ruling that the plaintiffs had lacked the standing to sue. The ruling did not address whether the law was constitutional.[64]

Canada

Anti-drag protests in Canada have been influenced by the American anti-drag and anti-LGBTQ+ movement. This has led to an increase in anti-LGBTQ+ hate. At present, however, this has not yet extended to anti-drag legislation.

On November 23, 2022, people protested a drag storytelling event in the Kitsilano neighborhood of Vancouver, accusing the event of "sexualizing children."[65] The next day, Book Keeper independent book shop in Sarnia, was protested by 10–12 men wearing masks and balaclavas as it hosted its fourth Drag Queen Story Time event.[66] Also in November 2022, an event at Kelseys Original Roadhouse in Burlington, featuring Guelph drag queen Crystal Quartz was canceled following threats made towards the restaurant.[67]

On December 19, 2022, fourteen protestors gathered outside Brockville Public Library in Ontario as it held its first Drag Story Time event.[68] The protestors were met by counter-protestors, which included the library's CEO. Police searched the library for explosive devices after a threat was made.

Twice in December 2022, protestors interrupted drag performances at the Britbar venue in Penticton, British Columbia, and at DunnEnzies restaurant in British Columbia's Okanagan.[69] [70]

Events in January, February, March, May, and June 2023 by performer Betty Baker were protested at the Peterborough Public Library in Ontario by Kevin Goudreau, Save Canada, and other individuals. On all occasions protesters were outnumbered by counter-protesters.

Europe

United Kingdom

In July 2022, right-wing groups protested Drag Queen Story Hour at Reading Central Library in Berkshire.[71] [72] The event featured Sab Samuel performing in drag as Aida H Dee.[73] Subsequent protests occurred in Crewe and Bristol, and at Glastonbury Public Library.[74] In August 2022, 50 protestors were met with about 300 counter-protestors outside a drag event at Oxfordshire County Library;[75] police kept the two groups separated. The same month, a drag show featuring Matthew Cavan performing as drag queen Cherri Ontop in Belfast was the target of a protest. Flyers promoting protests to drag performances in the UK were shared in anti-vaccination Telegram groups.

A 2023 report from the Institute for Strategic Dialogue noted an increase in extremist groups targeting LGBTQ+ and drag storytime events in the UK, and accused Conservative MPs of contributing to growing hostility towards LGBTQ+ people in the country. The report also noted that many of these messages were being imported from the US and were being used to provoke "culture wars" at home. According to the report, the UK was second only to the US in terms of anti-drag protests. Report author Aoife Gallagher said, "These incidents should not be viewed in isolation; they speak to a wider anti-LGBTQ+ mobilisation in the UK and they raise concerns about a backsliding trend in LGBTQ+ rights. Although counter-protesters at drag events often outnumbered protesters, this is not enough to protect these communities."

Finland

Helsinki Central Library Oodi arranged a drag queen story hour in conjunction with to the Helsinki Pride festival on 1 July 2022. The performer, nicknamed Gaylien 2000, declined to reveal their true identity. Around 25-30 protesters demonstrated and conducted speeches in front of the library, after which some of them entered the library in an attempt to block the event. This prompted a large police response. The performer had been accused of paedophilia and threatened online before the event.[76] [77]

Cultural center Malmitalo in Helsinki planned to screen a documentary named Drag Kids during a festival in 2023. The event was canceled due to a security threat. The documentary contained scenes where a child danced at a nightclub and received a tip from a drag queen, which Children's Ombudsman Elina Pekkarinen considered inappropriate and sexualizing.[78]

France

In 2023, a reading story hour activity in Toulouse was cancelled due to protests on social media by extremist groups.[79]

During the opening ceremony of the 2024 Summer Olympics a group of drag queens recreated a Banquet of the Gods of Dionysian type but many political and journalistic figures have linked the event to Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, accusing the drag queens of blasphemy.[80] [81] [82] [83] This also prompted a series of death and rape threats to Barbara Butch, the lesbian DJ and fat-acceptance activist at the center of the event.[84] [85] [86]

Australia & Oceania

Australia

In July 2018, Adam Larkham, performing as "Roxee Horror", received abuse and threats for storytime events at Wollongong Library.[87] Larkham later said he was worried he was "going to get shot in the face" due to the threats he received when the event was shared on Facebook by the former Labor leader Mark Latham.[88]

In May 2019, the drag queen "Annie Depressant" received abuse for an event at Whittlesea Library; the conservative Facebook page Political Posting Mumma (run by Marijke Rancie) had called on its "warriors" to respond to the library's social media posts to protest the event.[89] [90] In January 2020, Annie Depressant was also faced with a small group of protesters during an event for children and their parents at Werribee Plaza Library. The families chanted "we love drag queens" as a counterprotest when they left the event.[91]

On September 30, 2022, a family-friendly youth festival in Moonee Ponds, Melbourne was cut short when the white supremacist National Socialist Network, a group of Australian neo-Nazis founded by convicted criminal Thomas Sewell, interrupted the event because it hosted drag performers. The protesters reportedly made homophobic, transphobic and antisemitic comments; the protest was described as "distressing, offensive and illegal" by Victoria's Minister for Equality Harriet Shing.[92]

In November 2022, South Australian Liberal Senator Alex Antic accused drag performer Courtney Act's ABC show of "grooming Australian children". Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young challenged the comments and said they were deeply offensive to many, including survivors of sexual assault.[93]

On December 8, 2022, the Glitter Nova event (aimed at people aged 16–25) scheduled at Victorian Pride Centre was postponed following threats of protest from neo-Nazis. Anti-fascist researcher Andy Fleming argued against canceling the event, feeling it could "embolden" extremist groups.[94]

In April 2023, after receiving many threats online and over the phone, Alice Rebel Cafe canceled an event featuring drag queens. One person had claimed they could track the performers' home addresses via their car license plates when they arrived at the venue; another said "As they crumble, you’re smiling like a shark, predators become prey" on Telegram. In response to news of the threats and the event cancelation, the cafe received widespread support on social media.[95]

Also in April 2023, a Monash City Council meeting was interrupted by protestors who called councillors "pedophiles" for refusing to cancel a drag queen event planned for Oakleigh Library. Groups who participated in the protest included My Place and Reignite Democracy Australia. Extra security arrived, as did the local police.[96] A week later, the council canceled the event due to fears over safety.[97]

In May 2023, regional councils canceled a number of drag and LGBTQ+ events across Victoria due to threats from far-right groups. Organizers said they didn't feel they could ensure the events were safe due to the threats from far-right and fascist groups.[98] The deputy principal of Woodleigh School was also targeted. The Municipal Association of Victoria held an emergency meeting to address the rise in far-right and neo-Nazi groups targeting LGBTQ+ events, with anti-extremism experts and the police addressing mayors from the region.[99]

In February 2024, a drag story time event in Rockdale Library in southern Sydney, which was going to be broadcast by ABC, was canceled after being targeted by far-right groups and individuals.[100] In a statement, the network condemned the "hateful and offensive" response they had received and said they were considering how to hold the event at another location to ensure the safety of those involved.[101] [102]

New Zealand

On 1 March 2023, a drag queen storytime event was held at a library in the Auckland suburb of Avondale. However, the library was forced to close due to a protest of approximately three people accusing the event of the "sexualisation of children."[103] In mid-March 2023, the "Queens Telling Stories" event at Christchurch's Tūranga Library was picketed by 36 protesters. Christchurch Pride chairperson Jill Stevens accused the protesters of "hate speech". 160 supporters attend the Queens reading reading event.[104]

On 20 March 2024, a proposed drag queen storytime event at Rotorua's library was cancelled following safety concerns about misinformation and violence.[105] Rotorua Lakes Councillor Robert Lee and Destiny Church leader Brian Tamaki also expressed opposition to the proposed Rotorua drag storytime.[106] On 26 March, a drag storytime event at Gisborne's library attracted opposition from members of Destiny Church, who also painted over a rainbow crossing.[107] In response, LGBTQ+ counter-protesters gathered outside Gisborne's library to support the drag storytime event.[108] Mayor of Gisborne Rehette Stoltz condemned the vandalism of the rainbow crossing, which was repainted by the Gisborne District Council. Police later arrested five individuals who attempted to vandalise the rainbow crossing a second time.[109] Police charged two men and a woman with graffiti vandalism in relation to the Gisborne rainbow crossing incident.[110]

Following the Gisborne protest, the Hastings District Council canceled an upcoming Erika and CoCo Flash Rainbow Story event, citing safety concerns following a large volume of "threatening and intimidating" messages.[111]

On 28 March 2024, a rainbow crossing in Auckland's Karangahape Road was vandalized with white paint. Police described the vandalism as a "hate crime" while Radio New Zealand linked the incident to the protest against the drag queen storytime event in Gisborne. Several New Zealand politicians including Minister of Police Mark Mitchell, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and ACT leader David Seymour denounced the vandalism of the Karangahape rainbow crossing.[112] On 15 April Ford O'Connor, a member of Destiny Church who is married to Tamaki's granddaughter, pleaded guilty to vandalizing the Karangahape Road rainbow crossing and was fined $16,093 to cover the repair costs. During the sentencing, Tamaki expressed support for O'Connor, saying that "he undertook a political protest against the excessive rainbow-washing that is occurring across New Zealand right now."[113]

In late April 2024, Rainbow Storytime NZ's founder Sunita Torrance cancelled a nationwide tour scheduled to pursue a defamation case against Destiny Church. By contrast, Destiny Church leader Tamaki welcomed the cancellation of Rainbow Storytime NZ's tours on social media.[114]

Media

Following the origin of the drag panic and the consequent restrictive legislation on the subject, various telethons have been organized on the subject, such as Drag Isn't Dangerous, which featured numerous drag queens, including contestants from RuPaul's Drag Race, as well as actors and comedians such as Margaret Cho, Leslie Jones, Ts Madison, Amy Schumer, and Charlize Theron.[115]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Tannehill . Brynn . The Moral Panic We Cannot Ignore . January 12, 2023 . April 14, 2023 . Dame Magazine . en-US . April 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230414152941/https://www.damemagazine.com/2023/01/12/the-moral-panic-trans-backlash/ . live .
  2. News: Goodwin . Grace Eliza . Florida neo-Nazis who projected a swastika on a downtown building say the hysteria over drag queens is helping them recruit people . 2023-05-17 . . en-US . April 1, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240401085957/https://www.businessinsider.com/neo-nazi-group-hysteria-drag-queens-helps-recruit-members-2023-3 . live .
  3. News: Vognar . Chris . 2023-05-03 . Drag is under attack in Texas—but not at this Houston theater . 2023-05-17 . . en-US . May 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517164436/https://www.chron.com/culture/arts/article/mcbride-wonderettes-stages-18076065.php . live .
  4. Web site: Merlan . Anna . 2023-04-25 . America's Most Influential Conspiracy Theorists Are Going All-In On Transphobia . 2024-04-02 . Vice . en.
  5. Web site: 2022-11-23 . There Have Been At Least 124 Attacks on Drag Events This Year . 2024-04-02 . Them . en-US.
  6. News: Stack . Liam . Drag Queen Story Hour Continues Its Reign at Libraries, Despite Backlash . June 6, 2019 . March 3, 2023 . . 0362-4331 . en-US . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308034501/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/06/us/drag-queen-story-hour.html . live .
  7. Web site: Arkell . Emma . A number of drag shows in Ontario have become targets of hate . December 1, 2022 . March 6, 2023 . . en-US . January 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230105015359/https://xtramagazine.com/culture/ontario-drag-events-targeted-241510 . live .
  8. Web site: O'Hara . Mary Emily . Update GLAAD Report: Drag events faced at least 141 protests and significant threats in 2022 . November 21, 2022 . March 3, 2023 . . en . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303045901/https://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-report-drag-events-faced-least-124-protests-and-significant-threats-2022 . live .
  9. Web site: 2022-11-03 . An Oklahoma Donut Shop Was Firebombed After Hosting a Drag Event . 2024-04-02 . Them . en-US.
  10. Web site: 2022-11-20 . At Least Five Dead and 18 Injured in LGBTQ+ Nightclub Shooting in Colorado . 2024-04-02 . Them . en-US.
  11. Web site: Goldberg . Michelle . 2022-11-21 . Club Q and the Demonization of Drag Queens . 2024-04-02 . The New York Times.
  12. Web site: Sears . Clare . This Isn't the First Time Conservatives Have Banned Cross-Dressing in America . March 15, 2023 . . 15 May 2023 . May 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230515182119/https://jacobin.com/2023/03/cross-dressing-law-united-states-history-drag-bans . live .
  13. Dunham . Cyrus Grace . Cyrus Grace Dunham . Stuck in Stonewall . . November 19, 2015 . 15 May 2023 . May 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230515182628/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/stuck-in-stonewall . live .
  14. Web site: Cain . Matt . Matt Cain (writer) . History's most incredible drag queens and kings . January 31, 2023 . April 24, 2023 . . en-GB . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416224129/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20230131-historys-most-incredible-drag-queens-and-kings . live .
  15. Web site: Montgomery . Hugh . Is RuPaul's Drag Race good for drag? . October 2, 2019 . April 24, 2023 . . en-GB . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420200851/http://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191002-is-rupauls-drag-race-a-good-thing-for-drag . live .
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  18. Web site: Cocker . Alex . Cocker . Rose . The moral panic around drag makes even less sense in the UK's pantomime season . December 22, 2022 . March 3, 2023 . . en-US . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042557/https://mronline.org/2022/12/22/the-moral-panic-around-drag-makes-even-less-sense-in-the-uks-pantomime-season/ . live .
  19. News: Matt Walsh: Police need to "break down the doors" of drag shows . October 20, 2022 . March 3, 2023 . . en-US . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042558/https://www.losangelesblade.com/2022/10/20/matt-walsh-police-need-to-break-down-the-doors-of-drag-shows/ . live .
  20. Olivier . Indigo . Transphobe of the Year: Matt Walsh . December 27, 2022 . March 3, 2023 . . 0028-6583 . December 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221228142730/https://newrepublic.com/article/169609/transphobe-year-matt-walsh . live .
  21. Web site: Whitehouse . John . Fox spent more time attacking trans people and drag queens than it did covering the second January 6 hearing . June 14, 2022 . March 3, 2023 . Media Matters for America . en . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042556/https://www.mediamatters.org/january-6-insurrection/fox-spent-more-time-attacking-trans-people-and-drag-queens-it-did-covering . live .
  22. News: Hesse . Monica . The right-wing drag panic is not about men wearing women's clothing . March 17, 2023 . . 0190-8286 . en-US . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317174704/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/03/16/right-wing-drag-panic-is-not-about-men-wearing-womens-clothing/ . live .
  23. Prager . Dennis . Dennis Prager: Drag Queens in Schools . July 5, 2022 . March 17, 2023 . . en . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317171926/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieTQseMJD6A . live .
  24. Web site: Kilander . Gustaf . June 17, 2022 . Critics rip Candace Owens for her absurd comments about drag queens . March 17, 2023 . . en . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317171925/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/candace-owens-drag-children-parenting-b2103808.html . live .
  25. Shapiro . Ben . If You Don't Cheer Drag Queen Story Hour, You're A Terrorist . November 22, 2022 . March 3, 2023 . . en . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042552/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVO8FzGMFUQ . live .
  26. Web site: Perrett . Connor . Drag shows are the latest battleground in the right wing anti-gay disinformation campaign about 'grooming' . June 14, 2022 . April 11, 2023 . . en-US . March 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230310035227/https://www.businessinsider.com/drag-queens-children-lgbtq-right-wing-libsoftiktok-idaho-patriot-front2022-6 . live .
  27. News: Helmore . Edward . Republican legislators introduce new laws to crack down on drag shows . January 21, 2023 . April 14, 2023 . . 0261-3077 . en-GB . April 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230414160810/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/21/anti-drag-show-laws-bans-republican-states . live .
  28. News: Dress . Brad . 2023-05-13 . Why the GOP is going to war over military drag queens . 2023-05-26 . . en-US . May 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230526154433/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4002516-why-the-gop-is-going-to-war-over-military-drag-queens/ . live .
  29. Web site: Mizelle . Shawna . 2023-02-05 . Republicans across the country push legislation to restrict drag show performances . 2023-05-26 . CNN . en . April 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230422085608/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/05/politics/drag-show-legislation/index.html . live .
  30. Web site: Andrew . Scottie . 2023-04-29 . The US has a rich drag history. Here's why the art form will likely outlast attempts to restrict it . 2023-05-26 . . en . May 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230526154432/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/drag-queen-us-history-explainer-cec/index.html . live .
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  33. Web site: How U.S. drag bans are shaping fears of rising hate, attacks in Canada - National Globalnews.ca . 2024-04-02 . Global News . en-US.
  34. News: Quinn . Ben . correspondent . Ben Quinn Political . 2023-06-22 . Tory MPs contributing to growing hostility to drag events, report says . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165008/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jun/22/tory-mps-contributing-to-growing-hostility-to-drag-events-report-says . March 28, 2024 . 2024-03-28 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
  35. Web site: Anti-Drag Mobilisation Efforts Targeting LGBTQ+ People in the UK . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165013/https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/a-year-of-hate-anti-drag-mobilisation-efforts-targeting-lgbtq-people-in-the-uk/ . March 28, 2024 . 2024-03-28 . ISD . en-GB.
  36. Web site: 2023-06-23 . Anti-drag protests, threats and violence ramp up across the U.S., report finds . 2024-04-02 . NBC News . en.
  37. News: Brend . Yvette . 15 Dec 2022 . Drag storytimes have become a target of hate. Why some families love them anyway . . March 24, 2023 . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317192717/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/drag-queen-storytime-attacks-usa-canada-diversity-inclusion-hate-groups-gender-1.6685395 . live .
  38. Web site: Ottenhof . Luke . 29 Nov 2022 . 'I don't feel safe': Ontario drag performers reckon with heightened risk . 2022-12-31 . . December 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221221013147/https://www.tvo.org/article/i-dont-feel-safe-ontario-drag-performers-reckon-with-heightened-risk . live .
  39. Web site: What is 'Grooming?' The Truth Behind the Dangerous, Bigoted Lie Targeting the LGBTQ+ Community . Center on Extremism . 2022-09-16 . 2022-12-31 . . en . February 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082215/https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/what-grooming-truth-behind-dangerous-bigoted-lie-targeting-lgbtq-community . live .
  40. News: Simpson . Katie . Katie Simpson . 8 Dec 2022 . As drag shows in the U.S. are increasingly targeted, the community fears violence . . March 24, 2023 . March 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318173233/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/drag-shows-targeted-us-1.6677999 . live .
  41. Web site: UPDATED GLAAD Report: Drag events faced at least 141 protests and significant threats in 2022 . glaad.org . . 24 August 2023 . 21 November 2022 . September 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230909044459/https://glaad.org/glaad-report-drag-events-faced-least-125-protests-and-significant-threats-2022/ . live .
  42. Web site: Dreilinger . Danielle . Drag shows have a long history in the South. Why are they drawing threats now? . 2024-04-02 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  43. Web site: 2022-06-06 . Texas legislator proposes ban on minors watching drag shows . 2024-05-01 . NBC News . en.
  44. Web site: Hudson . David . 2022-06-06 . Dallas drag show for kids prompts street protest and conservative meltdown . 2024-05-01 . Queerty.
  45. Web site: Russell Falcon . Nexstar Media Wire . 2022-06-07 . Dallas drag queen event for kids sparks outrage, defense . 2024-05-01 . The Hill . en-US.
  46. Web site: Patton . Mary Claire . 2022-06-09 . Texas lawmaker says he wants to ban minors from watching drag shows following Dallas event . 2024-05-01 . KSAT . en.
  47. Web site: Online Amplifiers of Anti-LGBTQ+ Extremism . www.adl.org . . 26 August 2023 . en . January 24, 2023 . February 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230207192224/https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/online-amplifiers-anti-lgbtq-extremism . live .
  48. News: Filby . Max . Nazis protest at Land-Grant drag brunch: Here's what you need to know now . July 1, 2023 . . May 1, 2023 . September 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903022840/https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/2023/05/01/heres-what-we-know-about-the-nazis-protesting-a-columbus-drag-brunch/70169948007/ . live .
  49. Web site: McNeill . Zane . Nazis Carrying Banner That Says, 'There Will Be Blood' Protest Ohio Drag Brunch . . May 2, 2023 . 15 May 2023 . May 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230515183405/https://truthout.org/articles/nazis-carrying-banner-that-says-there-will-be-blood-protest-ohio-drag-brunch/ . live .
  50. News: 2023-05-24 . Montana first to ban people dressed in drag from reading to children in schools, libraries . 2023-05-26 . . en . May 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230526153550/https://apnews.com/article/drag-story-ban-montana-transgender-445fb457909476770610217906b3fac5 . live .
  51. News: Montana first to ban drag performers from reading to children . 2023-05-24 . 2023-05-26 . . . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20230530055607/https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/montana-first-ban-drag-performers-reading-children-rcna85977 . 2023-05-30 . live.
  52. Web site: Montana judge keeps in place a ban on enforcement of law restricting drag shows, drag reading events . 2024-02-08 . AP News . October 13, 2023 . en . February 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217003916/https://apnews.com/article/montana-drag-shows-ruling-ee8adb41c142718ec4b5047d0f3f36be . live .
  53. Web site: Riley . John . Texas Governor Signs Law Banning Drag Performances in Public Businesses . Metro Weekly . June 23, 2023 . June 26, 2023 . June 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230626003837/https://www.metroweekly.com/2023/06/texas-governor-signs-law-banning-drag-performances-in-public/ . live .
  54. News: Lavietes . Matt . Federal judge declares Texas drag law unconstitutional . NBC News . September 26, 2023 . February 10, 2024 . January 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117053732/https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/federal-judge-declares-texas-drag-law-unconstitutional-rcna117486 . live .
  55. News: Trotta . Daniel . U.S. court blocks Florida law restricting drag performances . Reuters . June 23, 2023 . June 26, 2023 . June 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230626154342/https://www.reuters.com/legal/us-court-blocks-florida-law-restricting-drag-performances-2023-06-23/ . live .
  56. Web site: UPDATED GLAAD Report: Drag events faced at least 141 protests and significant threats in 2022 . 2023-03-03 . . November 21, 2022 . en . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303045901/https://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-report-drag-events-faced-least-124-protests-and-significant-threats-2022 . live .
  57. News: Hayden . Michael Edison . 14 June 2022 . Far-right Influencers Hyped Coeur D'Alene Pride Before Patriot Front Showed Up . . 22 March 2023 . March 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164452/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2022/06/14/far-right-influencers-hyped-coeur-dalene-pride-patriot-front-showed . live .
  58. Web site: Houston-area teacher fired for attending drag show at downtown bar . Murney . Michael . . July 26, 2023 . Hearst Newspapers, LLC . July 27, 2023 . July 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230726224214/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/houston-drag-show-teacher-texas-18262402.php . live .
  59. News: Matt . Lavietes . Tennessee governor signs first-of-its-kind bill restricting drag shows . 2023-03-03 . . en . March 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042552/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/tennessee-governor-signs-first-its-kind-bill-restricting-drag-shows-n1303262 . live .
  60. Web site: Baker-Jordan . Skylar . March 2, 2023 . Why the Tennessee ban on drag shows should terrify us all . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308023652/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/tennessee-drag-show-ban-queens-b2289083.html . March 8, 2023 . March 8, 2023 . The Independent.
  61. News: Wendling . Mike . Mike Wendling . March 2, 2023 . Tennessee curbs trans treatment and drag for children . en-GB . . live . 2023-03-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042552/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64830835 . March 3, 2023.
  62. Web site: Bacallao . Marianna . March 2, 2023 . Gov. Bill Lee signs into law a ban on drag shows. Performers say it's too subjective. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042557/https://wpln.org/post/gov-bill-lee-signs-into-law-a-ban-on-drag-shows-performers-say-the-law-is-too-subjective/ . March 3, 2023 . 2023-03-03 . . en-US.
  63. Web site: Gans . Jared . 2023-06-03 . Federal judge rules Tennessee restrictions on drag shows unconstitutional . 2023-12-04 . The Hill . en-US . October 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231022020758/https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/4033015-federal-judge-rules-tennessee-restrictions-on-drag-shows-unconstitutional/ . live .
  64. News: Bacallao . Marianna . 2024-07-18 . Tennessee's drag ban is back after appeals court ruling . . 2024-07-20.
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  75. News: August 23, 2022 . Supporters and protesters turn out at Oxford drag queen kids' storytime . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230102101627/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-62639419 . January 2, 2023 . January 2, 2023 . BBC South.
  76. Web site: Poliisi selvittää, onko Oodin satuhetkeä häirinneitä epäiltävä rikoksesta – näin tapahtumat etenivät . Police investigating whether disruptors of Oodi story time committed a crime . . fi. 1 July 2022 . April 24, 2023 . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230412143118/https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000008921143.html . live .
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  78. News: Drag Kids -elokuvan poisveto aiheutti kuohuntaa – "Tilanteeseen liittyi myös merkittävä turvallisuusuhka" . Withdrawal of Drag Kids movie causes an uproar . . fi . May 19, 2023 . May 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519101604/https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/drag-kids-elokuvan-poisveto-aiheutti-kuohuntaa-tilanteeseen-liittyi-myos-merkittava-turvallisuusuhka/8683474#gs.y2is2v . live .
  79. Web site: Un atelier pour enfants animé par des drag-queens fait débat à Toulouse . January 24, 2023 . . April 24, 2023 . fr . A children's activity led by drag queens is the subject of debate in Toulouse . April 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419082939/https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/4020297-20230124-toulouse-face-critiques-lecture-enfants-animee-deux-drag-queens-deprogrammee-mairie . live .
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  81. Web site: Rose . Michel . July 27, 2024 . Paris ceremony 'Last Supper' parody sparks controversy . July 31, 2024 . Reuters.
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  85. Web site: Goodfellow . Melanie . 2024-07-30 . DJ In Controversial Olympics Opening Ceremony Scene Files Police Complaints Following Death & Rape Threats . 2024-07-31 . Deadline . en-US.
  86. Web site: 2024-07-30 . After controversial Olympic opening ceremony, DJ complains of abuse, probe launched . 2024-07-31 . CTVNews . en.
  87. Web site: 2018-07-17 . Wollongong drag queen reacts to library's story time backlash . 2024-03-28 . Illawarra Mercury . en-AU . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165008/https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/5530775/wollongong-drag-queen-reacts-to-librarys-story-time-backlash/ . live .
  88. Web site: "Sick, evil": Melbourne library responds to online abuse over kids drag 'storytime' event . 2024-03-28 . SBS News . en . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170513/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-feed/article/sick-evil-melbourne-library-responds-to-online-abuse-over-kids-drag-storytime-event/cpevv6obc . live .
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  90. Web site: 2024-03-29 . Drag queen abused for reading to kids at library's storytime . 2024-03-28 . NZ Herald . en-NZ . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170512/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/drag-queen-abused-for-reading-to-kids-at-librarys-storytime/2YYL3MNPAEUOZZWU6YQVJMGKLQ/ . live .
  91. Web site: 2020-01-22 . Children unite to respond after protesters mob their drag queen book reading event . 2024-03-28 . 7NEWS . en . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165009/https://7news.com.au/news/vic/protesters-surround-drag-queen-reading-event-at-library-in-melbournes-west-c-659729 . live .
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  93. Web site: Thomas . Shibu . 2022-11-08 . Liberal Senator Alex Antic Uses Offensive 'Grooming' Slur Against Courtney Act's ABC Show . 2024-03-28 . Star Observer . en-US . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328172016/https://www.starobserver.com.au/news/liberal-senator-alex-antic-uses-offensive-grooming-slur-against-courtney-acts-abc-show/218125 . live .
  94. News: 2022-12-08 . LGBTQIA+ community and supporters rally in Melbourne, after pride event cancelled due to protest threat . 2024-03-26 . ABC News . en-AU . March 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240325000619/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-08/glitter-nova-youth-pride-celebration-postponed-protest-threat/101751478 . live .
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  97. Web site: Aubrey . Sophie . 2023-05-04 . 'Disappointing': Monash Council cancels drag queen story time event . 2024-03-28 . The Age . en . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165009/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/monash-council-cancels-drag-queen-story-time-event-20230504-p5d5jn.html . live .
  98. News: Kelly . Cait . 2023-05-12 . Councils call off drag storytime and LGBTQ+ events in Victoria after far-right threats . 2024-03-28 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077 . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165008/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/13/councils-call-off-drag-storytime-and-lgbtq-events-in-victoria-after-far-right-threats . live .
  99. News: Kelly . Cait . Kolovos . Benita . 2023-05-16 . Victorian councils to hold emergency meeting on far-right targeting of drag queen storytime events . 2024-03-28 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077 . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328165008/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/may/16/drag-queen-storytime-far-right-victoria-councils-emergency-meeting-lgbtq-events . live .
  100. Web site: Perry . Kevin . 2024-02-07 . ABC cancels Drag Children's Story event amidst online backlash . 2024-03-28 . TV Blackbox . April 1, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240401090030/https://tvblackbox.com.au/page/2024/02/07/abc-cancels-drag-childrens-story-event-amidst-online-backlash/ . live .
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  103. News: Auckland library closes after drag Storytime protest . 26 March 2024 . . . 1 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230403112313/https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/03/01/auckland-library-closes-after-drag-queen-storytime-protest/ . 3 April 2023. live.
  104. News: Burns . Adam . Protests at drag queen storytime event sparked more support, organiser says . 1 April 2024 . . 14 March 2024 . August 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230810044031/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/485900/protests-at-drag-queen-storytime-event-sparked-more-support-organiser-says . live .
  105. News: Smith . Laura . Rotorua cancels drag queens' Rainbow Storytime for kids over 'safety concerns' . 26 March 2024 . . 20 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320051938/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/ldr/512228/rotorua-cancels-drag-queens-rainbow-storytime-for-kids-over-safety-concerns . 20 March 2024.
  106. News: Smith . Laura . Rotorua councillors clash over Library Rainbow Storytime event . 26 March 2024 . . 19 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240318195412/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/ldr/512078/rotorua-councillors-clash-over-library-rainbow-storytime-event . 18 March 2024.
  107. News: O’Connor . Matahi . Rainbow crossing in Gisborne Main Street painted white ahead of drag-queen storytime event . 26 March 2024 . . 26 March 2024 . March 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326202734/https://www.gisborneherald.co.nz/news/rainbow-crossing-in-gisbornes-main-street-painted-white-ahead-of-drag-queen-story-time-event . live .
  108. News: McCaull . Ashleigh . Destiny Church, rainbow community clash over drag queen library performance . 26 March 2024 . . 26 March 2024 . March 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326032629/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/512674/destiny-church-rainbow-community-clash-over-drag-queen-library-performance . live .
  109. News: Green . Kate . Gisborne's rainbow crossing restored after protest . 1 April 2024 . . 27 March 2024 . March 30, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240330162502/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/512801/gisborne-s-rainbow-crossing-restored-after-protest . live .
  110. News: Drag queen reading group Rainbow Storytime cancels nationwide tour amid ongoing protest by Destiny Church leader Brian Tamaki . 28 April 2024 . . 26 April 2024.
  111. News: Hastings council cancels drag queens' Rainbow Storytime after Destiny Church protest . 1 April 2024 . . 26 March 2024 . live . March 30, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240330040856/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/512740/hastings-council-cancels-drag-queens-rainbow-storytime-after-destiny-church-protest .
  112. News: Police treat painting over of Auckland's K' Road rainbow crossing as hate crime . 1 April 2024 . . 28 March 2024 . live . March 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240331161811/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/512928/police-treat-painting-over-of-auckland-s-k-road-rainbow-crossing-as-hate-crime .
  113. News: Plummer . Benjamin . Davison . Isaac . Williams . David . Ford O'Connor pleads guilty, will pay $16k for vandalising K Road crossing; Brian Tamaki supports him . 17 April 2024 . . 15 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240415195250/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/destiny-church-leader-brian-tamaki-voices-unwavering-support-for-man-accused-of-vandalising-k-road-crossing/JPPLWQNGOZDXVKNFQ52QEI2WA4/ . 15 April 2024. live.
  114. News: Drag queen reading group cancels nationwide tour amid protests . 28 April 2024 . . . 26 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240428035148/https://www.1news.co.nz/2024/04/26/drag-queen-reading-group-cancels-nationwide-tour-amid-protests/ . 28 April 2024.
  115. Joey . Nolfi . 'Drag Race' winners, queer icons unite for telethon against anti-drag laws . March 20, 2023 . 2023-05-29 . . en . March 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230322234805/https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=1632924450546155522&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Ftv%2Frupauls-drag-race-winners-unite-drag-isnt-dangerous-telethon%2F&sessionId=ecbda284514b28c7449c17b52e5ee452d1e995c9&siteScreenName=ew&theme=light&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486&width=520px . live .

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