Barney Ross Explained

Barney Ross
Realname:Dov-Bear Rasofsky
Nickname:The Pride of the Ghetto
Weight:Lightweight
Light Welterweight
Welterweight
Height:5feet
Reach:670NaN0
Birth Date:December 23, 1909
Birth Place:New York City, U.S.
Death Place:Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Style:Orthodox
Total:81
Wins:74
Ko:22
Losses:4
Draws:3
Embed:yes
Serviceyears:1942–1944
Rank: Sergeant
Unit:B Company,1st Battalion 8th Marines
Battles:
Awards: Silver Star

Barney Ross (born Dov-Ber "Beryl" David Rosofsky; December 23, 1909 – January 17, 1967) was an American professional boxer. Ross became a world champion in three weight divisions and was a decorated veteran of World War II.[1] In his time, he was known as the Pride of the Ghetto.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Early life

Dov-Ber (or Beryl)[7] Rosofsky was born in New York City to Isidore "Itchik" Rosofsky and Sarah Epstein Rosofsky. His father was a Talmudic scholar who had emigrated to America from his native Brest-Litovsk after barely surviving a pogrom. The family then moved from New York to Chicago. Isidore became a rabbi and owner of a small vegetable shop in Chicago's Maxwell Street neighborhood, a vibrant Jewish ghetto akin to the New York's Lower East Side of the 1920s and '30s. Dov-Ber was being raised to follow in his footsteps.

The young Rasofsky grew up on Chicago's mean streets, ultimately ignoring his father's desire for him to become a rabbi and his admonition that Jews do not resort to violence. Let the goyim be the fighters, Ross later recalled being told by his father. The trombeniks, the murderers—we are the scholars. Ross's ambition in life was to become a Jewish teacher and a Talmudic scholar, but his life was changed forever when his father was shot dead resisting a robbery at his small grocery.[8] Prostrate from grief, his mother Sarah suffered a nervous breakdown and his younger siblings—Ida, Sam and George—were placed in an orphanage or farmed out to other members of the extended family. Dov was left to his own devices at the age of 14.

As recounted in Barney Ross: The Life of a Jewish Fighter, by Ross biographer Douglas Century, in the wake of the tragedy, Dov became vindictive towards everything and turned his back on the orthodox religion of his father. He began running around with local toughs (including another wayward Jewish ghetto kid, the future Jack Ruby), developing into a street brawler, thief and money runner; he was even employed by Al Capone. Dov's goal was to earn enough money to buy a home so that he could reunite his family. He saw boxing as that vehicle and began training with his friend Ruby.

Boxing career

After winning amateur bouts, Dov would pawn the awards—like watches—and set the money aside for his family. There is speculation that Capone bought up tickets to his early fights, knowing some of that money would be funneled to Dov. Plagued by his father's death and feeling an obligation not to sully his name, Dov Rosofsky took the new name "Barney Ross." The name change was also part of a larger trend by Jews to assimilate in the U.S. by taking American-sounding names. Strong, fast and possessed of a powerful will, Ross was soon an Intercity Golden Gloves[1] [9] and Chicago Golden Gloves champion[1] [10] in 1929 at the age of 19 and went on to dominate the lighter divisions as a pro.

At a time—the late 1920s and '30s—when rising Nazi leader Adolf Hitler was using propaganda to spread his virulently anti-Jewish philosophy, Ross was seen by American Jews as one of their greatest advocates. He represented the concept of Jews finally fighting back. Idolized and respected by all Americans, Ross showed that Jews could thrive in their new country. He made his stand against Hitler and Nazi Germany a public one. He knew that by winning boxing matches, he was displaying a new kind of strength for Jews. He also understood that Americans loved their sports heroes and if Jews wanted to be embraced in the U.S. they would have to assume such places in society. Though Ross had lost faith in religion, he openly embraced his role as a leader of his people.

Ross is unique in boxing as one of its few triple division champions—lightweight, light welterweight and welterweight. He was never knocked out in 81 fights and held his title against some of the best competition in the history of the sport. Ross defeated great Hall-of-Fame champions like Jimmy McLarnin and Tony Canzoneri in epic battles that drew crowds of more than 50,000.

His first paid fight was on September 1, 1929, when he beat Ramon Lugo by a decision in six rounds. After ten wins in a row, he lost for the first time, to Carlos García, on a decision in ten.

Over the next 35 bouts, his record was 32–1–2, including a win over former world champion Battling Battalino and one over Babe Ruth (not the baseball player). Another bout included former world champion Cameron Welter. On March 26, 1933, Ross had his first world title bout when he faced world lightweight and light welterweight champion and fellow three-division world champion Tony Canzoneri in Chicago. In one night, Ross became a two-division world champion when he beat Canzoneri by decision in ten rounds.[11] Ross also campaigned heavily in the city of Chicago prior to the fight. After two more wins, including a knockout in six rounds over Johnny Farr, Ross and Canzoneri boxed again, with Ross winning again by decision, but this time in 15.

Ross was known as a smart fighter with great stamina. He retained his title by decision against Sammy Fuller to finish 1933 and against Peter Nebo to begin 1934. Then he defended against former world champion Frankie Klick, against whom he drew in ten. Then came the first of three bouts versus Jimmy McLarnin. Ross vacated the light welterweight title to go after McLarnin's welterweight title and won by a 15-round decision, his third world championship. However, in a rematch a few weeks later, McLarnin beat Ross by a decision and recovered the title. After that, Ross went back down to light welterweight and reclaimed his title with a 12-round decision over Bobby Pacho. After beating Klick and Henry Woods by decision to retain that title, he went back up in weight for his third and last fight with McLarnin; he recovered the welterweight title by outpointing McLarnin again over 15 rounds. He won 16 bouts in a row after that, including three over future world middleweight champion Ceferino Garcia and one against Al Manfredo. His only two defenses, however, over that stretch were against Garcia and against Izzy Jannazzo, on points in 15 rounds.

In his last fight, Ross defended his title on May 31, 1938, against fellow three-division world champion Henry Armstrong, who beat him by a decision in 15. Although Armstrong pounded Ross inexorably and his trainers begged him to let them stop the fight, Ross refused to stop or go down. Barney Ross had never been knocked out in his career[8] and was determined to leave the ring on his feet. Some boxing experts view Ross's performance against Armstrong as one of the most courageous in history. Some believe that Ross's will to survive every tough fight on his feet had to do with his understanding of his symbolic importance to Jews. That is, Jews would not only fight back, but they would not go down.

Ross retired with a record of 72 wins, 4 losses, 3 draws and two no decisions (Newspaper Decisions: 2–0–0), with 22 wins by knockout. He was ranked #21 on Ring Magazines list of the 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years.

World War II

In retirement in his early thirties, Ross enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in April 1942 to fight in World War II. The Marines wanted to keep him stateside and use his celebrity status to boost morale. Most of the athletes of the era, like heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey, had ceremonial roles in the military, but Ross insisted on fighting for his country.

Before he was to go overseas, Ross physically assaulted a non-commissioned officer who had made an anti-Semitic remark. He was to be court martialed at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego. The other board members wanted to throw the book at Ross, but Captain Berthol E. Davis, who was also Jewish and knew of Ross's achievements, convinced the rest of the board to allow Ross to go overseas and avoid punishment. So, he was sent to the Pacific theater.

He served with B Company, 1st Battalion, 8th Marines during the Battle of Guadalcanal in the South Pacific. One night, he and three other comrades were trapped under enemy fire. All four were wounded; Ross was the only one able to fight. Ross gathered his comrades' rifles and grenades and single-handedly fought nearly two dozen Japanese soldiers over an entire night, killing them all by morning. Two of the Marines died, but he carried the third on his shoulders to safety; the other man weighed 230 lb (104 kg) compared to Ross' 140 lb (64 kg).

Ross was awarded America's third highest military honor, the Silver Star,[1] as well as a Presidential Citation.[12] As one of America's greatest "celebrity" war heroes, he was honored by President Roosevelt in a Rose Garden ceremony. He was also awarded the Edward J. Neil Trophy as "the outstanding boxer of 1942" by the Boxing Writers Association of New York.[12]

During his time in Guadalcanal, Ross began a lifelong friendship with the Catholic priest Frederic Gehring, a wartime chaplain who wrote regular correspondences for Reader's Digest magazine. Gehring considered Ross a national treasure who defied logic when it came to bravery and the defense of principle. Ross was the only person on Guadacanal capable of playing the temperamental pipe organ kept there. On Christmas Eve, before he and his fellow Marines were to go into battle, Gehring asked Ross to learn "Silent Night" and other Christmas songs for the troops. After Ross had played them, Gehring asked him to play a Jewish song. Ross played "My Yiddishe Momma," about a child's love for his self-sacrificing mother. Many of the Marines knew the melody of the song from Ross's boxing days, when it was played when he entered the ring. When the Marines heard Ross play the song, newspaper reports say, they were all in tears.

Drug addiction and recovery

During his recovery at the hospital from his wounds suffered at Guadalcanal, Ross developed a dependency on the morphine he was administered for pain. Back in the states, the morphine was replaced with street heroin. His drug habit became so severe that he would sometimes spend $500 a day on the drug. Ross went to a recovery center and overcame his addiction. He gave lectures to high school students about the dangers of drug addiction. His struggle against morphine addiction is the subject of the 1957 film Monkey on My Back.

Final days

Ross spent his last days using his celebrity status in promotional work for casinos and other businesses. He remained with his second wife, Cathy Howlett, although they never had children. He was happy he reached the two goals he had set: reunite his family and become a world champion in boxing. He wrote an autobiography titled No Man Stands Alone.

He also remained loyal to his friend Jack Ruby and testified as a character witness on Ruby's behalf at his trial for killing Lee Harvey Oswald, who was under arrest for the shooting death of Dallas patrolman, J.D. Tippit.

Ross died in his hometown Chicago of throat cancer at the age of 57.

His relatives include Yuri Rasovsky, Solomon Rosowsky and Baruch Leib Rosowsky.

Honors

Ross was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, the World Boxing Hall of Fame, the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame, the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame[13] and the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1997.[14] He was inducted into the Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame in the Class of 2006.[15]

The Aleph Zadik Aleph chapter located in Chicago's south suburbs (primarily in Flossmoor, Homewood, and Olympia Fields), is named in his honor.

Professional boxing record

All information in this section is derived from BoxRec,[16] unless otherwise stated.

Official record

All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.

ResultRecordOpponentTypeRoundDateLocationNotes
81Loss72–4–3 Henry ArmstrongUD15May 31, 1938
80Win72–3–3 Bobby VennerTKO7 (10)Apr 25, 1938
79Win71–3–3 Henry SchaftTKO4 (10)Apr 4, 1938
78Win70–3–3 Ceferino GarciaUD15Sep 23, 1937
77Win69–3–3 Al ManfredoNWS10Aug 19, 1937
76Win69–3–3 Jackie BurkeKO5 (10)Jun 27, 1937
75Win68–3–3 Chuck WoodsKO4 (10)Jun 17, 1937
74Win67–3–3 Al ManfredoPTS10Jan 29, 1937
73Win66–3–3 Izzy JannazzoUD15Nov 27, 1936
72Win65–3–3 Phil FurrUD10Jul 22, 1936
71Win64–3–3 Morrie ShermanKO2 (10)Jun 22, 1936
70Win63–3–3 Laddie TonielliTKO5 (10)Jun 10, 1936
69Win62–3–3 Chuck WoodsTKO5 (10)May 1, 1936
68Win61–3–3 Gordon WallaceMD10Mar 11, 1936
67Win60–3–3 Lou HalperTKO8 (10)Jan 27, 1936
66Win59–3–3 Ceferino GarciaUD10Nov 29, 1935
65Win58–3–3 Ceferino GarciaPTS10Sep 13, 1935
64Win57–3–3 Baby Joe GansKO2 (10)Sep 6, 1935
63Win56–3–3 Jimmy McLarninUD15May 28, 1935
62Win55–3–3 Henry WoodsUD12Apr 9, 1935
61Win54–3–3 Frankie KlickUD10Jan 28, 1935
60Win53–3–3 Bobby PachoPTS12Dec 10, 1934
59Loss52–3–3 Jimmy McLarninSD15Sep 17, 1934
58Win52–2–3 Jimmy McLarninSD15May 28, 1934
57Win51–2–3 Bobby PachoPTS10Mar 27, 1934
56Win50–2–3 Kid MoroPTS10Mar 14, 1934
55Draw49–2–3 Frankie KlickPTS10Mar 5, 1934
54Win49–2–2 Pete NeboPTS12Feb 7, 1934
53Win48–2–2 Billy PetrolleUD10Jan 24, 1934
52Win47–2–2 Sammy FullerMD10Nov 17, 1933
51Win46–2–2 Tony CanzoneriSD15Sep 12, 1933
50Win45–2–2 Johnny FarrTKO6 (10)Jul 26, 1933
49Win44–2–2 Tony CanzoneriMD10Jun 23, 1933
48Win43–2–2 Joe GhnoulyPTS10May 3, 1933
47Win42–2–2 Billy PetrolleUD10Mar 22, 1933
46Win41–2–2 Tommy GroganPTS10Feb 22, 1933
45Win40–2–2 Johnny DattoKO2 (10)Jan 30, 1933
44Win39–2–2 Johnny FarrPTS10Nov 25, 1932
43Win38–2–2 Goldie HessPTS10Nov 11, 1932
42Win37–2–2 Battling BattalinoUD10Oct 21, 1932
41Win36–2–2 Frankie PetrolleKO2 (10)Sep 15, 1932
40Win35–2–2 Ray MillerUD10Aug 26, 1932
39Win34–2–2 Henry PerlickTKO3 (8)Jul 28, 1932
38Win33–2–2 Dick SiskTKO6 (8)May 20, 1932
37Win32–2–2 Frankie HughesPTS10Apr 5, 1932
36Win31–2–2 Nick EllenwoodPTS10Mar 2, 1932
35Win30–2–2 Billy GladstonePTS6Feb 18, 1932
34Win29–2–2 Micky O'NeillPTS6Feb 8, 1932
33Win28–2–2 Jimmy LundyPTS8Nov 18, 1931
32Win27–2–2 Young TerryPTS8Nov 13, 1931
31Win26–2–2 Lou JallosPTS8Nov 4, 1931
30Win25–2–2 Glen GampPTS10Oct 2, 1931
29Win24–2–2 Jimmy AlvaradoPTS8Jul 30, 1931
28Win23–2–2 Babe RuthTKO4 (10)Jul 15, 1931
27Win22–2–2 Billy ShawPTS8May 13, 1931
26Win21–2–2 Jackie DuganKO2 (8)May 1, 1931
25Win20–2–2 Lud AbellaTKO2 (6)Apr 24, 1931
24Win19–2–2 Midget Mike O'DowdPTS8Apr 8, 1931
23Loss18–2–2 Roger BernardPTS8Mar 27, 1931
22Win18–1–2 Jackie DavisPTS6Mar 20, 1931
21Win17–1–2 Young TerryUD10Feb 20, 1931
20Win16–1–2 Henry FaleganoPTS8Jan 14, 1931
19Draw15–1–2 Harry DublinskyPTS8Nov 21, 1930
18Win15–1–1 Petey MackKO1 (8)Nov 6, 1930
17Win14–1–1 Sammy BinderKO2 (6)Oct 14, 1930
16Draw13–1–1 Young TerryPTS8Sep 19, 1930
15Win13–1 Luis PerezKO1 (6)Aug 2, 1930
14Win12–1 Eddie KoppyPTS6Jul 1, 1930
13Win11–1 Mickey GenaroPTS6Apr 25, 1930
12Loss10–1 Carlos GarciaPTS6Apr 21, 1930
11Win10–0 Eddie BojackTKO2 (4)Apr 8, 1930
10Win9–0 Jackie DavisNWS4Mar 3, 1930
9Win9–0Jiro KumagaiPTS4Feb 24, 1930
8Win8–0Johnny AndrewsPTS4Jan 24, 1930
7Win7–0Louis NewPTS6Jan 10, 1930
6Win6–0Al DeRosePTS6Dec 5, 1929
5Win5–0Joey BarthPTS5Nov 29, 1929
4Win4–0Virgil TobinKO2 (4)Oct 21, 1929
3Win3–0Joe BorolaPTS6Oct 12, 1929
2Win2–0Joe BorolaPTS6Sep 14, 1929
1Win1–0Ramon LugoPTS6Aug 31, 1929

Unofficial record

Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions in the win/loss/draw column.

ResultRecordOpponentTypeRoundDateLocationNotes
81Loss74–4–3Henry ArmstrongUD15May 31, 1938
80Win74–3–3Bobby VennerTKO7 (10)Apr 25, 1938
79Win73–3–3Henry SchaftTKO4 (10)Apr 4, 1938
78Win72–3–3Ceferino GarciaUD15Sep 23, 1937
77Win71–3–3Al ManfredoNWS10Aug 19, 1937
76Win70–3–3Jackie BurkeKO5 (10)Jun 27, 1937
75Win69–3–3Chuck WoodsKO4 (10)Jun 17, 1937
74Win68–3–3Al ManfredoPTS10Jan 29, 1937
73Win67–3–3Izzy JannazzoUD15Nov 27, 1936
72Win66–3–3Phil FurrUD10Jul 22, 1936
71Win65–3–3Morrie ShermanKO2 (10)Jun 22, 1936
70Win64–3–3Laddie TonielliTKO5 (10)Jun 10, 1936
69Win63–3–3Chuck WoodsTKO5 (10)May 1, 1936
68Win62–3–3Gordon WallaceMD10Mar 11, 1936
67Win61–3–3Lou HalperTKO8 (10)Jan 27, 1936
66Win60–3–3Ceferino GarciaUD10Nov 29, 1935
65Win59–3–3Ceferino GarciaPTS10Sep 13, 1935
64Win58–3–3Baby Joe GansKO2 (10)Sep 6, 1935
63Win57–3–3Jimmy McLarninUD15May 28, 1935
62Win56–3–3Henry WoodsUD12Apr 9, 1935
61Win55–3–3Frankie KlickUD10Jan 28, 1935
60Win54–3–3Bobby PachoPTS12Dec 10, 1934
59Loss53–3–3Jimmy McLarninSD15Sep 17, 1934
58Win53–2–3Jimmy McLarninSD15May 28, 1934
57Win52–2–3Bobby PachoPTS10Mar 27, 1934
56Win51–2–3Kid MoroPTS10Mar 14, 1934
55Draw50–2–3Frankie KlickPTS10Mar 5, 1934
54Win50–2–2Pete NeboPTS12Feb 7, 1934
53Win49–2–2Billy PetrolleUD10Jan 24, 1934
52Win48–2–2Sammy FullerMD10Nov 17, 1933
51Win47–2–2Tony CanzoneriSD15Sep 12, 1933
50Win46–2–2Johnny FarrTKO6 (10)Jul 26, 1933
49Win45–2–2Tony CanzoneriMD10Jun 23, 1933
48Win44–2–2Joe GhnoulyPTS10May 3, 1933
47Win43–2–2Billy PetrolleUD10Mar 22, 1933
46Win42–2–2Tommy GroganPTS10Feb 22, 1933
45Win41–2–2Johnny DattoKO2 (10)Jan 30, 1933
44Win40–2–2Johnny FarrPTS10Nov 25, 1932
43Win39–2–2Goldie HessPTS10Nov 11, 1932
42Win38–2–2Battling BattalinoUD10Oct 21, 1932
41Win37–2–2Frankie PetrolleKO2 (10)Sep 15, 1932
40Win36–2–2Ray MillerUD10Aug 26, 1932
39Win35–2–2Henry PerlickTKO3 (8)Jul 28, 1932
38Win34–2–2Dick SiskTKO6 (8)May 20, 1932
37Win33–2–2Frankie HughesPTS10Apr 5, 1932
36Win32–2–2Nick EllenwoodPTS10Mar 2, 1932
35Win31–2–2Billy GladstonePTS6Feb 18, 1932
34Win30–2–2Micky O'NeillPTS6Feb 8, 1932
33Win29–2–2Jimmy LundyPTS8Nov 18, 1931
32Win28–2–2Young TerryPTS8Nov 13, 1931
31Win27–2–2Lou JallosPTS8Nov 4, 1931
30Win26–2–2Glen GampPTS10Oct 2, 1931
29Win25–2–2Jimmy AlvaradoPTS8Jul 30, 1931
28Win24–2–2Babe RuthTKO4 (10)Jul 15, 1931
27Win23–2–2Billy ShawPTS8May 13, 1931
26Win22–2–2Jackie DuganKO2 (8)May 1, 1931
25Win21–2–2Lud AbellaTKO2 (6)Apr 24, 1931
24Win20–2–2Midget Mike O'DowdPTS8Apr 8, 1931
23Loss19–2–2Roger BernardPTS8Mar 27, 1931
22Win19–1–2Jackie DavisPTS6Mar 20, 1931
21Win18–1–2Young TerryUD10Feb 20, 1931
20Win17–1–2Henry FaleganoPTS8Jan 14, 1931
19Draw16–1–2Harry DublinskyPTS8Nov 21, 1930
18Win16–1–1Petey MackKO1 (8)Nov 6, 1930
17Win15–1–1Sammy BinderKO2 (6)Oct 14, 1930
16Draw14–1–1Young TerryPTS8Sep 19, 1930
15Win14–1Luis PerezKO1 (6)Aug 2, 1930
14Win13–1Eddie KoppyPTS6Jul 1, 1930
13Win12–1Mickey GenaroPTS6Apr 25, 1930
12Loss11–1Carlos GarciaPTS6Apr 21, 1930
11Win11–0Eddie BojackTKO2 (4)Apr 8, 1930
10Win10–0Jackie DavisNWS4Mar 3, 1930
9Win9–0Jiro KumagaiPTS4Feb 24, 1930
8Win8–0Johnny AndrewsPTS4Jan 24, 1930
7Win7–0Louis NewPTS6Jan 10, 1930
6Win6–0Al DeRosePTS6Dec 5, 1929
5Win5–0Joey BarthPTS5Nov 29, 1929
4Win4–0Virgil TobinKO2 (4)Oct 21, 1929
3Win3–0Joe BorolaPTS6Oct 12, 1929
2Win2–0Joe BorolaPTS6Sep 14, 1929
1Win1–0Ramon LugoPTS6Aug 31, 1929

See also

Further reading

External links

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Notes and References

  1. News: Barney Ross Loses Bout To Cancer; Dies at 57 . Waco News-Tribune . . January 19, 1957 . Newspapers.com.
  2. Web site: Barney Ross . December 23, 2017 .
  3. Web site: Barney Ross .
  4. Web site: Barney Ross .
  5. Web site: Barney Ross .
  6. Book: Barney Ross . August 6, 2009 . Schocken .
  7. The Yiddish name דוב-בער Dov-Ber literally means "bear-bear", traceable back to the Hebrew word דב dov "bear" and the German word Bär "bear". See p. 130 of Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. / http://www.palgrave.com/br/book/9781403917232. It is thus an example of a bilingual tautological name.
  8. Web site: Barry Abrams . November 28, 2013 . Jack and Barney: An American story . ESPN.
  9. Web site: Chicago/New York Championships: Intercity Golden Gloves Championships . pagoldengloves.com . May 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924063251/http://www.pagoldengloves.com/chicago_ny.htm . September 24, 2015 . dead .
  10. Web site: Chicago Golden Gloves – History . chicagogoldengloves.com . May 10, 2015 . August 13, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150813061521/http://chicagogoldengloves.com/history.html . dead .
  11. Web site: Barney Ross – Lineal Junior Welterweight Champion. The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia.
  12. News: Barney Ross Honored With Silver Star . . Associated Press . November 23, 1943 .
  13. Web site: International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame . Jewishsports.net . October 19, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101006205524/http://jewishsports.net/BioPages/Tables/Sport/Boxing.htm. October 6, 2010 . live.
  14. Web site: Jewish Sports Hall of Fame . Jewishsports.org . October 19, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070213180501/http://www.jewishsports.org/jewishsports/inductees.asp . February 13, 2007 .
  15. Web site: Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame: Class of 2006 . Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame . May 10, 2015.
  16. Web site: BoxRec: Barney Ross.

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