Dorothy Allison Explained

Dorothy Allison
Birth Date:	11 April 1949
Birth Place:	Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
Death Place:	Guerneville, California, U.S.
Education:	Florida Presbyterian College (BA) Florida State University The New School for Social Research (MA)
Subject:	class struggle, child and sexual abuse, women, lesbianism, feminism, and family
Movement:	Feminism
Children:	1
Website:	(archived)

Dorothy Earlene Allison (April 11, 1949 – November 6, 2024) was an American writer whose writing focused on class struggle, sexual abuse, child abuse, feminism, and lesbianism.^[1] She was a self-identified lesbian femme.^[2] Allison won a number of awards for her writing, including several Lambda Literary Awards. In 2014, Allison was elected to membership in the Fellowship of Southern Writers.^[3]

Early life

Dorothy Earlene Allison was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on April 11, 1949, to Ruth Gibson Allison, who was 15 years old at the time.^[4] Her father died when she was a baby. Her single mother was poor, working as a waitress and cook. Ruth eventually married, but when Dorothy was five, her stepfather began to abuse her sexually.^[4] This abuse lasted for seven years. At the age of 12, Allison told a relative about it, who told her mother. Ruth forced her husband to leave the girl alone, and the family remained together. The respite did not last long, as the stepfather resumed the sexual abuse, continuing for five years. Allison suffered mentally and physically, contracting gonorrhea that was not diagnosed and treated until she was in her 20s. The untreated disease left her unable to have children.^[5]

When aged about 11, Allison moved with her family to Central Florida. Allison found respite from her family life in school. She said that she became aware of her lesbian sexuality during her early adolescence.^[6]

Education

Allison was the first of her family to graduate from high school.^[7]

In 1967, Allison attended Florida Presbyterian College (now Eckerd College) on a National Merit scholarship. While in college, she joined the women's movement by way of a feminist collective. She credited "militant feminists" for encouraging her decision to write. Also around this time, Allison severed all ties to her family until 1981.^[8] She graduated in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts in anthropology.^[9]

Allison subsequently did graduate work in anthropology at Florida State University, The Sagaris Institute, and the New School for Social Research, where she earned a M.A. in urban anthropology in 1981.^[10]

Career

Allison held a wide variety of jobs before gaining any success as a writer. From 1973 to 1974, she was the editor of the feminist magazine Amazing Grace, in Tallahassee, Florida. During this time, she was also a founding manager of Herstore Feminist Bookstore in Tallahassee.

She worked as a salad girl, a maid, a nanny, and a substitute teacher. She also worked at a child-care center, answered phones at a rape crisis center, and clerked with the Social Security Administration. In certain periods, she trained during the day and at night sat in her motel room and wrote on yellow legal pads. She wrote about her life experiences, including the abuse by her stepfather, dealing with poverty, and her lust for women. This became the backbone of her future works.^[11]

Allison's first book of poetry, The Women Who Hate Me, was published with Long Haul Press in 1983. In 1988, her first short story collection, Trash, was published by Firebrand Books.

Her first novel Bastard Out of Carolina was published in 1992 to great acclaim, becoming a best-seller. It was later adapted as a film of the same name, directed by Anjelica Huston for TNT. The book and film both generated controversy because of the graphic content, and the TV film was aired on Showtime rather than TNT. The Canadian Maritime Film Classification Board initially banned distribution of the film in Canada, but it was reversed on appeal. In November 1997, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court affirmed a State Board of Education decision to ban the book in public high schools because of its graphic content.

Allison would go on to publish another novel and two collections of poetry and short stories.^[12]

In 1998, Allison founded The Independent Spirit Award to support writers who help sustain small presses and independent bookstores.

In 2006, Allison was the writer in residence at Columbia College in Chicago.^[13] The following year, Allison was Emory University Center for Humanistic Inquiry's Distinguished Visiting Professor and Famosa in residence at Macondo in San Antonio, Texas.^[14] In 2007, Allison announced that she was working on a new novel entitled She Who, to be published by Riverhead Books.^[15]

Allison held a three-month residency at Emory University in Atlanta in 2008 as the Bill and Carol Fox Center Distinguished Visiting Professor. In fall 2009, Allison was The McGee Professor and writer in residence at Davidson College, in North Carolina.

Writing

Themes in Allison's work include class struggle, child and sexual abuse, women, lesbianism, feminism, and family. French literary scholar Mélanie Grué describes Allison's work as a celebration of "the vilified transgressive lesbian body."^[16] Grué also notes Allison's ability "to make [lesbian] desire and pleasure public" in her writing, in contrast to the second-wave feminist views on "correct expressions" of sexuality.

Allison's first novel, the semi-autobiographical Bastard Out of Carolina (1992), was one of five finalists for the 1992 National Book Award.^[17]

Her influences include Judy Grahn,^[18] Flannery O'Connor, James Baldwin, Jewelle Gomez, Toni Morrison, Bertha Harris, and Audre Lorde. Allison said The Bluest Eye by Morrison helped her to write about incest.^[19] In the early 1980s, Allison met Lorde at a poetry reading. After reading what would eventually become her short-story "River of Names", Lorde approached her and told her that she simply must write. Upon moving to California, Allison explored the people and histories of the early gay women's liberation presses. "There were some great lesbian writers. You know, I made my pilgrimage to go see Judy Grahn."^[20]

Activism

Allison said that the early feminist movement changed her life. "It was like opening your eyes under water. It hurt, but suddenly everything that had been dark and mysterious became visible and open to change." However, she admitted that, she would never have begun to publish her stories if she had not gotten over her prejudices, and started talking to her mother and sisters again.

Allison advocated for safer sex and was active in feminist and lesbian communities.^[21] She and Jo Arnone cofounded the Lesbian Sex Mafia in 1981, the "oldest continuously running women's BDSM support and education group in the country".^{[22] [23]}

Honors and awards

Bastard Out of Carolina was a finalist for the 1992 National Book Award for Fiction. Publishing Triangle named Bastard Out of Carolina one of "The Triangle's 100 Best" novels of the 1990s.^[24] In 2007, Allison was elected to the Fellowship of Southern Writers.^[25] The same year, she was awarded the Jim Duggins Outstanding Mid-Career Novelists' Prize at the Saints and Sinners Literary Festival,^[26] as well as the Robert Penn Warren Award for Fiction.^[27] In 2018, Allison received the Trailblazer Award from the Golden Crown Literary Society for being, in the words of Karin Kallmaker, "the original firebrand. She didn't write for approval, she wrote to survive. She is a firebrand, truthteller, and trailblazer."^[28] In 2019, the Alice B Readers Appreciation Committee of The Alice B Readers Award bestowed the coveted Alice B Medal and honorarium upon Allison^[29] and the Thomas Wolfe Prize.^[30] Allison was the 2024 recipient of the Publishing Triangle's Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement.  This award celebrated the recipient's lifetime of work and commitment to fostering queer culture. She received a $3000 prize, one of the largest cash prizes in LGBTQ+ letters.^[31]

Awards and honors for Allison's writing!Year!Title!Award!Result!Ref.

1989	Trash	Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction	Winner	^[32]
		Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Small Press Book Award	Winner
1992	Bastard Out of Carolina	ALA Outstanding Books for the College Bound and Lifelong Learners	Selection	^[33]
1993		Ferro Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction	Winner	^[34]
1995	Skin	Stonewall Book Award	Winner	^[35]
		Lambda Literary Award for Small Press Book Award	Finalist	^[36]
		Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Studies	Winner
1996	Two or Three Things I Know for Sure	Stonewall Book Award	Finalist	^[37] ^[38]
1998		Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Memoir or Biography	Finalist	^[39]
	Cavedweller	New York Times Notable Book of the Year	Selection	^[40]
1999		Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction	Winner	^[41]
2013	Conversations with Dorothy Allison	ALA Over the Rainbow Project Book List	Selection	^[42]

Personal life and death

Allison later lived in Guerneville, California, calling herself a "happily born-again Californian". She lived with her late partner of more than 30 years, Alix Layman, and son, Wolf Michael.^[43]

Layman died in 2022. Allison died at the age of 75 from cancer at her home on November 6, 2024. Her death was announced by the Frances Goldin Literary Agency, which represented her.^{[4] [44] [45] [46] [47]}

Bibliography

Writing

• The Women Who Hate Me: Poems by Dorothy Allison (1983)
• (1988)
• The Women Who Hate Me: Poetry 1980–1990 (1991)
• Bastard Out of Carolina (1992)
• (1994)
• Two or Three Things I Know for Sure (1995)
• Cavedweller (1998)

• Conversations with Dorothy Allison (2012)
• Jason Who Will Be Famous (2009)

Anthology contributions

• Women on Women: An Anthology of American Lesbian Short Fiction, edited by Joan Nestle (1990)
• High Risk: An Anthology of Forbidden Writings, edited by Amy Scholder and Ira Silverberg (1991)
• Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics and Practice, edited by Mark Thompson (1991)
• Growing Up Gay/Growing Up Lesbian: A Literary Anthology, edited by Bennett L. Singer (1993)
• Writing Women's Lives: An Anthology Of Autobiographical Narratives By Twentieth Century American Women Writers, edited by Susan Cahill (1994)
• Downhome: An Anthology of Southern Women Writers, edited by Susie Mee (1995)
• Swords of the Rainbow, edited by Eric Garber and Jewelle L. Gómez (1996)
• The Best American Short Stories 2003, edited by Walter Mosley and Katrina Kenison (2003)
• What Are You Looking At?: The First Fat Fiction Anthology, edited by Ira Sukrungruang and Donna Jarrell (2003)
• Without a Net: The Female Experience of Growing Up Working Class, edited by Michelle Tea (2004)
• Rhetorical Women: Roles and Representations, edited by Hildy Miller and Lillian Bridwell-Bowles (2005)
• All Out of Faith: Southern Women on Spirituality, edited by Wendy Reed (2006)
• New Stories from the South 2010: The Year's Best (2010)
• Gay City: Volume 5: Ghosts in Gaslight, Monsters in Steam, edited by Vincent Kovar and Evan J. Peterson (2013)
• The Queer South: LGBTQ Writers on the American South, edited by Douglas Ray (2014)
• Crooked Letter i: Coming Out in the South, edited by Connie Griffin (2015)
• Walk Till the Dogs Get Mean: Meditations on the Forbidden from Contemporary Appalachia, edited by Adrian Blevins and Karen Salyer McElmurray (2015)
• Badass Women Give the Best Advice: Everything You Need to Know About Love and Life (2018)^[48]
• LGBTQ Fiction and Poetry from Appalachia, edited by Jeff Mann and Julia Watts (2019)
• The Penguin Book of the Modern American Short Story, edited by John Freeman (2021)^[49]

Filmography

• Bastard Out of Carolina (1996)
• 2 or 3 Things But Nothing for Sure (1997)
• After Stonewall (1999)
• Cavedweller (2004), directed by Lisa Cholodenko with Aidan Quinn and Kyra Sedgwick

Stage

• Cavedweller (2003), adapted for stage by Kate Moira Ryan at the New York Theatre Workshop^[50]

In popular culture

Her name appears in the lyrics of the Le Tigre song "Hot Topic".^[51]

Further reading

• Carter, Natalie. A Southern Expendable: Cultural Patriarchy, Maternal Abandonment, and Narrativization in Dorothy Allison's Bastard Out of Carolina, Butler University Libraries, October 2013.
• Contemporary Authors Online (Detroit, MI: Gale, 2004), .
• Philip Gambone, Travels in a Gay Nation: Portraits of LGBTQ Americans (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 2010), .
• Johnson, Marrion. "Songs in Isolation: 17 LGBTQ Writers on What They are Listening to Right Now", Lambda Literary, April 19, 2020.
• Megan . Carolyn E. . Allison . Dorothy . 1994 . Moving Toward Truth: An Interview with Dorothy Allison . The Kenyon Review . 16 . 4. 71–83 . 4337130.
• Wright, Amy. "Dorothy Allison: Tender to the Bone", Guernica Magazine, 2002.

External links

• Official Lesbian Sex Mafia Website
• A Question of Class by Dorothy Allison
• Guide to the Dorothy Allison Papers at Duke University

Notes and References

1. News: Jetter. Alexis. December 17, 1995. The Roseanne of Literature. en-US. The New York Times. October 4, 2020. 0362-4331.
2. Book: Ed. Burke, Jennifer Clare. Visible: A Femmethology Vol. 2. 2009. Homofactus Press. 978-0-9785973-5-1. 44.
3. Web site: Dorothy Allison. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150828113309/http://thefsw.org/page/members/elected-members/dorothy-allison. August 28, 2015. October 4, 2020. The Fellowship of Southern Writers.
4. News: Dorothy Allison, Author of 'Bastard Out of Carolina,' Dies at 75. Green. Penelope. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. The New York Times. limited.
5. Book: Contemporary Authors Online. 2004 . Gale. Detroit, Michigan . 978-0-7876-3995-2.
6. Web site: Dorothy Allison. October 1, 2020. www.fembio.org. en.
7. Web site: Dorothy Allison interviewed by Kelly Anderson, November 18-19, 2007 for the Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Smith College Special Collections . 2024-11-19 . findingaids.smith.edu.
8. Web site: Juncker. Clara. April 15, 2016. Allison, Dorothy. October 4, 2020. South Carolina Encyclopedia.
9. Web site: Anderson. Kelly. November 18–19, 2007. Voices of Feminism Oral History Project: Interview with Dorothy Allison. October 4, 2020. Smith College Libraries.
10. Web site: Dorothy Allison papers, 1965–2010 – Archives & Manuscripts at Duke University Libraries. October 4, 2020. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library. en.
11. Marsh, Janet Z. "Dorothy Allison" in Dictionary of Literary Biography: Twenty-First-Century American Novelists, Second Series (Detroit, MI: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009),
12. Web site: book inner. October 4, 2020. dorothyallison. en.
13. Web site: Seaman . Donna . As 'Bastard out of Carolina' turns 20, Dorothy Allison reflects on her career . . November 24, 2012 . November 12, 2024.
14. Web site: Vitaris . Paula . Allison to teach, develop play with Theater Emory . Emory University . February 25, 2008 . November 12, 2024.
15. News: Hartt . Jordan . March 28, 2007 . An Interview with Dorothy Allison . Centrum . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125826/http://www.centrum.org/writing/2007/03/an_interview_wi_2.html . July 20, 2011.
16. Grué. Mélanie. September 16, 2015. Celebrating Queer Lesbian Desires with Dorothy Allison: From moral monstrosity to the beautiful materiality of the body. Ilha do Desterro . 68. 2. 127. 10.5007/2175-8026.2015v68n2p127. 2175-8026. free.
17. "Depth, From The South At Hamilton College, Dorothy Allison Offers Crowd A Sip Of Reality." Laura T. Ryan Staff. The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY). STARS; p. 21, October 22, 2000.
18. Web site: April 27, 2004 . Notes to a Young Feminist . November 14, 2024 . In These Times . en.
19. Book: Dorothy, Allison. Bastard out of Carolina. Penguin. 2012. 978-0-452-26957-6. New York. Afterword. 27640153.
20. Anderson . Kelly . November 19, 2007 . Dorothy Allison and Carmen Vázquez Interviewed by Kelly Anderson . Voices of Feminism Oral History Project . Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Northampton, MA.
21. Web site: Tomaso. Carla. January 1, 1995. Never the Good Girl: SKIN: Sex, Class & Literature, By Dorothy Allison (Firebrand Books: $13.95, paper; 264 pp.). October 4, 2020. Los Angeles Times. en-US.
22. Book: Pat Califia. Patrick Califia. The Lesbian S/M Safety Manual. 1988. Lace Publications. 978-1-55583-301-5.
23. Web site: About Us . Lesbian Sex Mafia . May 3, 2020.
24. Web site: Best Lesbian and Gay Novels. February 23, 2022. The Publishing Triangle. en-US.
25. Web site: Dorothy Allison. August 19, 2018. Fellowship of Southern Writers. en. August 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150828113309/http://thefsw.org/page/members/elected-members/dorothy-allison. dead.
26. http://www.bestofneworleans.com/gambit/saints-and-sinners-literary-festival/Content?oid=1247698 "Saints and Sinners Literary Festival"
27. Web site: Robert Penn Warren Award. February 23, 2022. The Fellowship of Southern Writers. en. February 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220223170321/https://www.fellowshipofsouthernwriters.org/robert-penn-warren-award. dead.
28. Web site: Golden Crown Literary Society Awards Include Dorothy Allison.... March 1, 2022. Windy City Times. July 6, 2018 . en.
29. Web site: Past Winner Biographies: Dorothy Allison. March 1, 2022. Alice B Awards. en.
30. Web site: Previous Winners of Thomas Wolfe Prize and Lecture.
31. Web site: [e-mail] . March 18, 2024 . 2024 Publishing Triangle Awards Finalists Announced . November 14, 2024 . The Publishing Triangle . en-US.
32. Web site: January 13, 2010. 1st Annual Lambda Literary Awards. February 23, 2022. Lambda Literary. en.
33. Web site: Bastard Out of Carolina Awards & Grants. February 23, 2022. American Library Association.
34. Web site: The Ferro-Grumley Awards. February 23, 2022. The Publishing Triangle. en-US.
35. Web site: December 1, 2011. Skin: Talking About Sex, Class & Literature Awards & Grants. February 23, 2022. American Library Association.
36. Web site: Gonzalez Cerna. Antonio. July 15, 1995. 7th Annual Lambda Literary Awards. February 23, 2022. Lambda Literary. en.
37. Web site: September 9, 2009. Stonewall Book Awards List. February 23, 2022. American Library Association. en.
38. Web site: December 1, 2011. Two or Three Things I Know for Sure Awards & Grants. February 23, 2022. American Library Association.
39. Web site: Gonzalez Cerna. Antonio. July 14, 1996. 8th Annual Lambda Literary Awards. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120304081005/http://www.lambdaliterary.org/winners-finalists/07/14/lambda-literary-awards-1995/. March 4, 2012. February 23, 2022. Lambda Literary Foundation.
40. News: December 6, 1998. Notable Books of 1998. en-US. The New York Times. February 23, 2022. 0362-4331.
41. Web site: Gonzalez Cerna. Antonio. July 15, 1999. 11th Annual Lambda Literary Awards. February 23, 2022. Lambda Literary. en.
42. Web site: November 14, 2017. Conversations with Dorothy Allison Awards & Grants. February 23, 2022. American Library Association.
43. Web site: July 15, 2018. Dorothy Allison: Burning Hot Hope. Karin. Kallmaker. October 4, 2020. Kallmaker.com. en-US.
44. News: Allen . Brittany . Dorothy Allison, author and force of nature, has died . November 8, 2024 . Literary Hub . November 8, 2024.
45. Web site: Dorothy Allison . Sinister Wisdom via MailChimp . November 8, 2024.
46. News: Ring . Trudy . Lesbian feminist author Dorothy Allison has died . November 10, 2024 . . November 9, 2024 . en.
47. News: Murphy . Brian . Dorothy Allison, author of unsparing 'Bastard Out of Carolina,' dies at 75 . November 15, 2024 . Washington Post . November 12, 2024.
48. Book: Anderson, Becca . Badass Women Give the Best Advice . Mango Media Inc. . March 13, 2018 . 978-1-63353-694-4 .
49. Book: Freeman, John . The Penguin Book of the Modern American Short Story . Penguin . New York . May 4, 2021 . 978-1-9848-7780-2 .
50. Web site: NYTW / Cavedweller . NYTW . October 5, 2016 . November 12, 2024.
51. Web site: 57 Champions of Queer Feminism, All Name-Dropped in One Impossibly Catchy Song. Tammy. Oler. October 31, 2019. Slate.