Door County, Wisconsin Explained

County:Door County
State:Wisconsin
Founded Year:1851
Coordinates:45.02°N -87.01°W
Seat Wl:Sturgeon Bay
Largest City Wl:Sturgeon Bay
Area Total Sq Mi:2370
Area Land Sq Mi:482
Area Water Sq Mi:1888
Area Percentage:80
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:30066
Pop Est As Of:2023
Population Est:30562
Population Density Sq Mi:62.4
Demonym:Door Countyite[1]
Area Codes:920
Time Zone:Central
Footnotes:Wisconsin county code 15
FIPS county code 55029
Web:www.co.door.wi.gov
Ex Image:DoorCountyWisconsinCourthouse.jpg
Ex Image Cap:Door County Government Center in Sturgeon Bay
District:8th
Named For:Porte des Morts

Door County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,066.[2] Its county seat is Sturgeon Bay.[3]

It is named after the strait between the Door Peninsula and Washington Island. This dangerous passage, known as Death's Door, contains shipwrecks and was known to Native Americans and early French explorers. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1861.[4]

Nicknamed the "Cape Cod of the Midwest," Door County is a popular Upper Midwest vacation destination.

History

Native Americans and French

Porte des Morts legend

Door County's name came from Porte des Morts ("Death's Door"), the passage between the tip of Door Peninsula and Washington Island.[5] The name "Death's Door" came from Native American tales, heard by early French explorers and published in greatly embellished form by Hjalmar Holand, which described a failed raid by the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) tribe to capture Washington Island from the rival Pottawatomi tribe in the early 1600s. It has become associated with shipwrecks within the passage.[6] The earliest known written reference to the legend is from, who termed the peninsula "Cap a la Mort" in 1728.[7]

Settlement and development

19th–20th century settlement

The 19th and 20th centuries saw the immigration and settlement of pioneers, mariners, fishermen, loggers, and farmers. The first white settler was Increase Claflin.[8] In 1834, a federal quarry operation at the mouth of Sturgeon Bay shipped its first stone blocks; they were used for a harbor breakwater in Michigan City, Indiana.[9] In 1851, Door County was separated from what had been Brown County. In 1853, Moravians founded Ephraim after Nils Otto Tank resisted attempts at land ownership reform at the old religious colony near Green Bay. An African-American community and congregation worshiping at West Harbor on Washington Island was described in 1854.[10] Also in 1854 the first post office in the county opened, on Washington Island.[11] In 1855, four Irishmen were accidentally left behind by their steamboat, leading to the settlement of what is now Forestville.[12] In the 19th century, a fairly large-scale immigration of Belgian Walloons populated a small region in the southern portion of the county,[13] including the area designated as the Namur Historic District. They built small roadside votive chapels, some still in use today,[14] and brought other traditions over from Europe such as the Kermiss harvest festival.[15]

Shortly after the 1831 Treaty of Washington,[16] the federal government surveyed what is now Door County to determine the value of the timber and to divide up parcels for eventual sale.[17] [18] Following the treaty, land in what is now the county was sold or granted to private citizens. Lots from were sold at 50 cents an acre.[19] From 1841 to 1932, 1,661 land patents were issued to private citizens.[20] Of these, 774 were bounty-land warrants to veterans authorized by the Scrip Warrant Acts of 1842, 1850, 1852, and 1855.[21] The other patents concerned the sale of land: 711 patents were filed under the Land Act of 1820,[22] 139 patents were filed under the Homestead Act of 1862,[23] and 37 patents were filed under the Morrill Act of 1862.[24]

At the time the Homestead Act of 1862 was passed, most of the county's nearly 2,000 farmers were squatters earning most of their revenue from lumber and wood products. The most common product was cordwood; a cord of maple sold for 37 and a half cents. The remaining portion of the population consisted of about 1,000 fishermen and their families. The fishing industry centered on Washington Island, which at 632 persons was the most populated area at the time. Sturgeon Bay had a population of 230 people. Fishermen caught lake trout and whitefish, which were sold for two cents per pound. Out of the total population of 2,948 people, 170 fought in the Civil War. Most enlisted in 1861 or 1862. The entire assessed valuation of the county that year was $395,000, with an average of $8.00 in tax assessed to each family. It was difficult to earn enough money to pay taxes, which were often delinquent. There were 25 school districts, but staffing was a challenge due to delinquent taxes. Highway 42 between Sturgeon Bay and Egg Harbor had 27 chronic mudholes, some more than long and passage by wagons was at times unfeasible.[25]

When the 1871 Peshtigo fire burned the town of Williamsonville, fifty-nine people were killed. The area of this disaster is now Tornado Memorial County Park, named for a fire whirl which occurred there.[26] [27] [28] Altogether, 128 people in the county perished in the Peshtigo fire.[29] [30] Following the fire, some residents decided to use brick instead of wood.[31]

In 1883, Harry Dankoler at the Door County Advocate set a world typesetting record.[32] [33]

In 1885 or 1886, what is now the Coast Guard Station was established at Sturgeon Bay.[34] [35] The small, seasonally open station on Washington Island was established in 1902.[36]

As the period of settlement continued, Native Americans lived in Door County as a minority. The 1890 census reported 22 Indians living in Door County. They were self-supporting, subject to taxation, and did not receive rations.[37] By the 1910 census their numbers had declined to nine.[38]

In 1894 the Ahnapee and Western Railway was extended to Sturgeon Bay, with the first train arriving on August 9.[39] In 1969, a train ran north of Algoma into the county for the last time,[40] although trains continued to operate farther south until 1986.[41]

Early tourism

From 1865 through 1870, three resort hotels were constructed in and near Sturgeon Bay along with another one in Fish Creek. One resort established in 1870 charged $7.50 per week (around $160 in 2021 dollars). Although the price included three daily meals, extra was charged for renting horses, which were also available with buggies and buggy-drivers.[42] Besides staying in hotels, tourists also boarded in private homes. Tourists could visit the northern part of the county by Great Lakes passenger steamer, sometimes as part of a lake cruise featuring music and entertainment.[43] Reaching the peninsula from Chicago took three days. The air surrounding the agricultural communities was relatively free of ragweed pollen because grain crops matured slowly in the cool climate and were harvested late in the year. This prevented late-season ragweed infestations in the stubble, which was especially attractive to those with hay fever in the city.[44] [45]

Even after the Ahnapee and Western extended service to Sturgeon Bay in 1894, many tourists continued taking the railroad to Menominee, Michigan to embark on steamships bound for communities in Door County. This route over Green Bay bypassed poor road conditions in the northern part of the county, which persisted until the early 1920s. Only after crushed stone highways were built did motor and horse-drawn coaches become popular for transportation between Sturgeon Bay and the northern part of the peninsula.[46] [29] By 1909 at least 1,000 tourists visited per year,[47] a figure which grew to about 125,000 in 1920,[48] 1 million in 1969,[49] 1.25 million in 1978,[50] and 1.9 million in 1995.[51] In 1938 Jens Jensen cautioned about negative cultural impacts of tourism. He wrote, "Door County is slowly being ruined by the stupid money crazed fools. This tourist business is destroying the little bit of culture that was."[52]

Orchard boosterism

In 1865, the first commercial fruit operation was established when grapes were cultivated on one of the Strawberry Islands. By 1895, a large fruit tree nursery was established and fruit horticulture was aggressively promoted. Not only farmers but even "city-bred" men were urged to consider fruit husbandry as a career. The first of multiple fruit marketing cooperatives began in 1897. In addition to corporate-run orchards, in 1910 the first corporation was established to plant and sell pre-established orchards. Although apple orchards predated cherry orchards, by 1913 it was reported that cherries had outpaced apples.[53]

Cherry crop labor sources

Women and children were typically employed to pick fruit crops, but the available work outstripped the labor supply. By 1918, it was difficult to find enough help to pick fruit crops, so workers were brought in by the YMCA and Boy Scouts of America. Cherry picking was marketed as a good summer camp activity for teenage boys in return for room, board, and recreation activities. One orchard hired players from the Green Bay Packers as camp counselors. Additionally, members of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin and other native tribes were employed to pick fruit crops.[54] [55] In addition to their pay, Native American families were given fruit that was too ripe for marketing, which they preserved and stored for long term use.[56] A Civilian Conservation Corps camp was established at Peninsula State Park during the Great Depression. In the summer of 1945, Fish Creek was the site of a POW camp under an affiliation with a base camp at Fort Sheridan, Illinois.[57] [58] [59] The German prisoners engaged in construction projects, cut wood, and picked cherries in Peninsula State Park and the surrounding area.[60] During a brief strike, the POWs refused to work. In response the guards established a "no work, no eat" policy and they returned to work, picking 11 pails per day and eventually totaling 508,020 pails.[61]

The Wisconsin State Employment Service established an office in Door County in 1949 to recruit Tejanos to pick cherries. Work was unpredictable, as cherry harvests were poor during certain years and workers were paid by the amount they picked. In 1951, the Wisconsin Department of Public Welfare conducted a study documenting conflict between migrant workers and tourists, who resented the presence of migrant families in public vacation areas.[62] A list of recommendations was prepared to improve race relations.[63] The employment of migrants continues to the present day. In 2013, there were three migrant labor camps in the county, housing a total of 57 orchard laborers and food processors along with five non-workers.[64]

20th–21st-century events

In the fall of 1901, passenger pigeons were seen in Forestville, "in quite large flocks". This is the last reported sighting in the county.[65] Before the forests were cleared away, myriads of passenger pigeons nested in the woods of the Door Peninsula, and during periods of migration they would frequently and effectually cloud the sun in their flight.[66]

In 1905, the Lilly Amiot was in Ellison Bay with a load of freight, dynamite, and gasoline when it caught fire. After being cut loose, it drifted until exploding; the explosion was heard up to 15 miles away.[67]

In 1912, the barnstormer Lincoln Beachey demonstrated his biplane during the county fair; this is believed to be the first takeoff and landing in the county.[68]

In 1913, The Old Rugged Cross was first sung at the Friends Church in Sturgeon Bay as a duet by two traveling preachers.[69]

In 1919, the first Army-Navy hydrogen balloon race was won by an Army team whose balloon splashed down in the Death's Door passage. Two soldiers endured 100NaN0 waves for an hour before their rescue by a fisherman.[70]

In 1925, a cow in Horseshoe Bay named Aurora Homestead Badger produced 30000lb of milk, at the time a world record for dairy cattle.[71]

In June 1938 and again in October 1952, aerial photos were taken of the entire county; in 2011 the 1938 photos were made available online.[72]

On June 14, 1939, Ted Bellak flew his the German-made glider Dove of Peace for 56miles from the newly opened Cherryland Airport to Frankfort, Michigan. He was towed into the air on a NaNadj=midNaNadj=mid, 200adj=midNaNadj=mid rope prior to gliding independently.[73] At the time, this was the farthest distance traveled in a glider over a body of water. The trip took one hour and six minutes,[74] [75] with 57 minutes spent over Lake Michigan.[76]

In 1941, the Sturgeon Bay Vocation School opened. It is now the Sturgeon Bay campus of Northeast Wisconsin Technical College.

In December 1959, the Bridgebuilder X disappeared after leaving a shipyard in Sturgeon Bay where it had been repaired. Its intended destinations were Northport and South Fox Island. Possible factors included lack of ballast and a sudden development of 11feet waves. The body of one of the two crew members was found the following summer.[77] [78]

In 2004, the county began a sister cities relationship with Jingdezhen in southeastern China.[79]

To encourage tourism, Ephraim residents passed referendums in 2016 to allow beer and wine to be sold for consumption on premises within the village and to allow beer and single, recorked bottles of opened wine to be sold off-premises.[80] Until then, Ephraim had been the state's last dry municipality.[81]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (80%) is water.[82] It is the largest county in Wisconsin by total area.

In general the shoreline is characterized by the scarp face on the west side. On the east side peat is followed by dunes and beaches of sand or gravel along the lakeshore.[83] During years with receding lake levels, flora along the shore demonstrates plant succession. The middle of the peninsula is mostly flat with some rolling. There are three distinct aquifers and two types of springs present in the county.[84] [85]

The county covers the majority of the Door Peninsula. With the completion of the Sturgeon Bay Shipping Canal in 1881,[86] the northern half of the peninsula became an artificial island.[87] This canal is believed to have somehow "caused a wonderful increase in the quantity of fish" in nearby waters[88] and also caused a reduction in the sturgeon population in the bay due to changes in the aquatic habitat.[89] The 45th parallel north bisects the "island", and this is commemorated by Meridian County Park.[90] [91]

Features

Escarpment and dolomites

Dolomite outcroppings of the Niagara Escarpment are visible on both shores of the peninsula, but cliffs along the cuesta ridge are especially prominent on the Green Bay side, including at Bayshore Blufflands. South of Sturgeon Bay the steep side of the escarpment separates into multiple lower ridges without as many larger exposed rock faces.[92] The face of the escarpment varies in appearance. It may consist of a bare rock face of dolomite alone, or as a face with dolomite above and shale underneath. Sometimes the rock layers are covered with glacial till.[93]

Dolomites in the county have been separated by the different patterns marking the rocks. Each pattern is thought to represent a different general marine habitat from their formation. One layer has relatively straight and flat marks in the rocks, and is accompanied by fossils indicating a tidal flat, especially ostracods. The second layer of rocks has ripple marks and wavy patterns. Since the corals and shells in this layer are broken, the layer is inferred to have formed farther down along the reef shelf, where the corals and shells were exposed to the pounding of the waves. The third layer has rocks full of fossil burrows from marine animals. This layer formed in a still-deeper part of the middle reef under mostly calm conditions. Here, calm waters protected an abundant number of burrowing animals. Along with the fossil burrows are corals, brachiopods, and echinoderms. Yet the rocks in the third layer are interspersed with broken and disturbed material, indicating periodic storms. Each of these three layers is divided into smaller and more detailed sublayers.[94]

The bluffs are interrupted by a series of lowlands which stretch along a northwest to southeast direction; Sturgeon Bay and the Portes de Mortes passage are two of these lowlands.[95] Beyond the peninsula's northern tip, the partially submerged ridge forms the Potawatomi Islands, which stretch to the Garden Peninsula in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The largest of these is Washington Island. The islands form the Town of Washington[96] and also the southern part of Fairbanks Township in Delta County, Michigan.[97] The lakebed along the scarp face on the Green Bay side has a sharp bottom gradient, while in many places the lakebed of the Lake Michigan side has a more gentle bottom gradient.[98]

Areas overlooking the scarp face are attractive locations for houses and communications towers, and the stone of the escarpment is quarried.[99] A former stone quarry five miles northeast of Sturgeon Bay is now a county park.[100] Many caves are found in the escarpment.[101] [102]

Shores

The county has 298miles of shoreline. In 2012, 268miles of the shoreline along Lake Michigan and Green Bay was surveyed and characterized by type. 42.9miles of the shore was made of artificial materials, while the remaining 225.1miles was natural. Of the natural shorelines, 167.8miles consisted of bedrock and boulders, 39.3miles was sandy, 17.4miles were covered in smaller stones such as shingles, pebbles, and cobbles, and 0.6miles was silty or mucky. Out of the total area surveyed, 101miles consisted of a flat coast, 88.9miles consisted of 2to bluffs, 68.8miles consisted of 2to dunes, and 9.3miles consisted of high bluffs taller than 10feet.[103]

High points

Eskers are only found in the far southwest corner of the county, but drumlins and small moraines also occur farther up the peninsula.[104] The Door-Leelanau Ridge is an underwater moraine cutting across Lake Michigan between Door and Leelanau counties.[105] A lacustrine terrace is located in Robert LaSalle Park.

The 102adj=midNaNadj=mid Brussels Hill[106] (elevation 851feet), a crater-shaped impact structure,[107] is the highest point in the county.[108] The nearby Red Hill Woods is the largest remaining maple–beech forest in the area.[109]

Old Baldy is the state's tallest sand dune[110] at 93 feet above the lake level.[111]

Pollution

See main article: Pollution in Door County, Wisconsin. The combination of shallow soils and fractured bedrock makes well water contamination more likely. At any given time, at least one-third of private wells may contain bacteria.[112] [113]

Mines, prior landfills, and former orchard sites are considered impaired lands and marked on an electronic county map.[114] A different electronic map shows the locations of private wells polluted with lead, arsenic, and other contaminants down to the section level.[115]

Most air pollution reaching the monitor in Newport State Park comes from outside the county.[116] The stability of air over the Lake Michigan shore along with the lake breezes may increase the concentration of ozone along the shoreline.[117] Additionally, pollution modeling predicts the presence of locally generated air pollution associated with vehicular traffic in the city of Sturgeon Bay.[118]

Soils

The most common USDA soil association in the northern two-thirds of the county is the Summerville-Longrie-Omena.[119] These associated soils typically are less than three feet deep. Altogether, thirty-nine percent of the county is mapped as having less than three feet (about a meter) to the dolomite bedrock. Because there is relatively little soil over much of the peninsula and the bedrock is fractured, snowmelt quickly enters the aquifer. This causes seasonal basement flooding in some areas.[120]

Soils in the county are classified as "frigid" because they usually have an average annual temperature of less than . The implication of this classification is that county soils are expected to be wetter and have less microbial activity than soils in warmer areas classified as "mesic". County soils are colder than those in inland areas of Wisconsin due to the climate-moderating effects of nearby bodies of water.[121]

Climate

See main article: Climate of Door County, Wisconsin. The county has a humid continental climate (classified as Dfb in Köppen) with warm summers and cold snowy winters. Data from the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station north of the city of Sturgeon Bay gives average monthly temperatures ranging from 68.7F in the summer down to 18F in the winter. The moderating effects of nearby bodies of water reduce the likelihood of damaging late spring freezes. Late spring freezes are less likely to occur than in nearby areas, and when they do occur, they tend not to be as severe.[122]

Attractions

In 1905, Theodore Roosevelt recommended that the Shivering Sands area be protected.[123] Today this area includes Whitefish Dunes, Kellner's Fen, Shivering Sands wetland complex,[124] and Cave Point County Park.[125] Hjalmar Holand, an Ephraim resident,[126] promoted Door County as a tourist destination in the first half of the 20th century. He served on a committee begun in 1927 to protect and promote historical sites,[127] and as a result of this effort the county historical society purchased lands that are now county parks, including Tornado Park, Robert LaSalle Park, Murphy Park, Increase Claflin Park, and the Ridges Sanctuary.[128]

Today, most tourists and summer residents come from the metropolitan areas of Milwaukee, Chicago, Madison, Green Bay, and the Twin Cities,[129] although Illinois residents are the dominant group both in Door County and farther south along the eastern edge of Wisconsin.[130]

Recreational lands

Lands open to public use

Door County is home to six state parks.[131] [132] Four are on the peninsula: Newport State Park, northeast of Ellison Bay; Peninsula State Park, east of Fish Creek; Potawatomi State Park, along Sturgeon Bay; and Whitefish Dunes State Park along Lake Michigan. Two are located on islands: Rock Island State Park and Grand Traverse Island State Park. In addition to the nature centers located inside the state parks, there are three others outside the parks. There are four State Wildlife and Fishery Areas and also State Natural Areas that allow free public access. Additionally, Plum Island and the of Detroit Island within the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge are seasonally open for public recreation.[133]

Besides county,[134] town, and community parks,[135] [136] there is a boy scout camp, a Christian camp,[137] and a public site operated by The Archaeological Conservancy.[138] [139] A land trust operates 14 privately owned parks open to the public,[140] and of privately owned lands are open to the public for hunting, fishing, hiking, sight-seeing and cross-country skiing under the Managed Forest Program.[141]

Beaches

Including both the Lake Michigan and Green Bay shores, there are 54 public beaches or boat launches[142] and 39 kayak launch sites,[143] leading to the area's promotion as "the Cape Cod of the Midwest".[144] 35 beaches are routinely monitored for water quality advisories.[145]

Although Door County has fewer sunny days than most counties in Wisconsin and Illinois, it also has less rainfall and lower summer temperatures,[146] making for an optimal beach-going climate.

Waters

Boating

In 2012, 8,341 registered boats were kept in the county. Most of the county boating accidents reported in 2012 occurred in Green Bay.[147] A 1989–90 study of recreational boating in Wisconsin found that the county's Green Bay and Lake Michigan waters had a higher frequency of Great Lakes boating than any other county bordering Lake Michigan or Lake Superior. The typical motor used in the county's Green Bay and Lake Michigan waters had a horsepower over 90, while the typical motor used for inland county waters had a horsepower under 50. Overall, boaters perceived county waters as uncrowded and boater satisfaction was average.[148]

An annual race is held for which participants build small plywood boats.[149]

The county's longest river canoe route is on the Ahnapee River from County H south to the county line.[150]

Some itineraries connecting the Great Loop around the eastern U.S. and through the Mississippi include stops in Door County.[151]

A charity holds sailing classes each summer.[152] 1972–1973 surveys of high school juniors and seniors in northeast Wisconsin found that students from Door County were more likely to use sailboats than students from other counties.[153]

Lakes and ponds

Besides Lake Michigan and Green Bay, there are 26 lakes, ponds, or marshes and 37 rivers, creeks, streams, and springs in the county.[154] The two deepest lakes, Mackaysee Lake at 26feet and Krause Lake at 24feet are on Chambers Island.[155] All streams in the county originate within the county;[155] together they have a combined length of 93miles, with none more than 15miles long.[156] The five trout streams have a combined length of 14miles suitable for trout fishing.[157]

Wetlands

of wetlands cover 18% of the county's land area.[158] of Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands are listed under the Ramsar Convention as wetlands of international importance.[159] The listing includes three areas previously recognized as "Wetland Gems".[160]

Wetland Access[161]
Baileys Harbor Swamp privately owned, although some parcels at the edge of the swamp on the east of Highway 57 are owned by the DNR as part of Mud Lake State Natural Area[162]
Big Marsh of water; partly within a DNR State Natural Area[163]
Button Marsh privately owned, of Managed Forest Land[164] to the west; to the southeast are owned an entity allowing public access[165]
Coffee Swamp of water; mostly within a DNR State Natural Area[166]
Ephraim Swamp largely owned by an entity allowing free public access,[167] Ephraim Creek which runs through the swamp is a Class II trout stream and is open to the public up to the ordinary high water mark.[168]
Gardner Swamp Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area[169] has three access sites[170] and 160 acres of adjacent Managed Forest Land[171]
Greenwood Swamp privately owned
Larson Swamp privately owned
Little Marsh of water; DNR State Natural Area
Kellner's Fen of water; largely owned by an entity allowing public access[172]
Maplewood Swamp privately owned, but the Ahnapee Trail runs through part of it[173]
May Swamp privately owned
Stony Creek Swamp privately owned, but the Ahnapee Trail runs past the far south end[174]
Voecks Marsh of water; within the Ridges Sanctuary which charges admission[175]

Recognized natural areas

There are 29 state-defined natural areas in the county.[176]

Living plant collections

Living plant collections include the orchid project at The Ridges Sanctuary[177] in Baileys Harbor and the U.S. Potato Genebank and a public garden in Sevastopol.[178] [179]

Animals

Vertebrate species lists

From 1971 through 1976, 11 species of small mammals were found at Toft Point,[180] the Newport State Park Mammals Checklist has 34 species,[181] and in 1972 44 mammals were listed for the entire county.[182] In 1976, 8 amphibians and 7 reptiles were listed as occurring on the Grand Traverse Islands within Door County. In 1978, 8 non-rodent mammals and three squirrels were listed as occurring on the Grand Traverse Islands.[183] From 1981 through 1995, 7 species of frogs and toads were recorded in the county.[184] In 1992 six amphibians and eight reptiles were found in and around Potawatomi State Park.[185] In 1981, nine species of reptiles and amphibians were listed for Chambers Island,[186] and in the summer of 2019 six bat species were acoustically detected on the island.[187]

Unique vertebrates

Tamias striatus doorsiensis, a subspecies of eastern chipmunk, is only found in Door, Kewaunee, Northeastern Brown, and possibly Manitowoc counties.[188] In 1999, the Wisconsin Natural Heritage Inventory listed 24 aquatic and 21 terrestrial animals in Door County as "rare."[189]

Birds

, 166 species of birds have been confirmed to live in Door County, excluding birds seen which lack the habitat to nest and must only be passing through.[190] In 2019, 21 bald eagle and three osprey nests were found to be occupied in the county.[191] In 2013 figures, bald eagles occupied 12 nests and ospreys occupied seven nests.[192]

In 2008 during the spring migration, 13 species of raptors, 19 species of landbirds, and 9 species of waterfowl were seen crossing between the Door and Garden peninsulas.[193] Reverse migration is occasionally observed in the county. When birds traveling north reach the tip of the peninsula and the islands beyond, the long stretches of water sometimes unnerves them. Instead of crossing over to the Garden Peninsula, they turn around and fly back down the peninsula.[194]

During the 20th century, thousands of herring gulls were banded on Hat Island[195] to determine their migratory patterns.[196] Banded birds were found as far north as Hudson Bay and as far south as Central America.[197]

Brood parasitism by red-breasted mergansers has been observed on Gravel and Spider islands and on another island known informally as "The Reef". They laid eggs into the nests of mallards, gadwalls, and lesser scaups.[198]

Rare bees

The sweat bee Lasioglossum sagax was collected on Ridges Road in 2006. Aside from a single collection from Manitowoc County in 2005, it had previously been found only in Colorado.[199]

The kleptoparasitic bee Stelis labiata is considered very rare.[200] It was collected at Toft point in 2006. This was only the second time the species had been found in Wisconsin; the earlier collection's county of origin is unknown.[201]

Horseshoe Bay Cave invertebrates

In 2014 an invertebrate survey of Horseshoe Bay Cave found an apparently groundwater-dwelling amphipod of the genus Crangonyx. Groundwater-dwelling Crangonyx species had never been documented in Wisconsin before.[202] A springtail of the genus Pygmarrhopalites (a genus name synonymous with Arrhopalites) was "found on the surface of drip pools." It appeared to be adapted to cave life and the study concluded that it "could represent an undescribed cave species."[203]

Toft Point invertebrates

In 2004, an invertebrate species list for Toft Point was published listing five isopods, four millipedes, six daddy longlegs, and 113 spiders. Of these, two of the millipedes and 14 of the spiders had never been documented in Wisconsin before.[204]

Spiders

The climate may allow for the better survival of the northern black widow spider.[205]

Additionally, the county is home to the fishing spider Dolomedes tenebrosus, which can grow to about 3inch, half the size of a tarantula.[206]

Other invertebrates

Kangaroo Lake State Natural Area has the largest breeding population of the endangered Hine's Emerald Dragonfly in the world.[207] Motor vehicles kill an estimated 3,300 of them in the county each year.[208] In 2019, it was reported that out of 14 Hine's Emerald Dragonflies taken from nine locations within the county, all had the same haplotype, indicating a lower degree of genetic diversity. The dragonflies had been caught in the 1990s for other research.[209]

The Lake Huron locust lives on dunes in the county and is not found anywhere else in the state.[210]

From 1996 to 2001, researchers identified 69 species of snails in the county, including rare species.[211] [150]

Research on apple maggots infesting cherries in Door County contributed to the study of sympatric speciation in the 1970s.[212]

In the 20th century, seven fish parasites were found in Hibbards Creek and 13 in Sturgeon Bay.[213]

During an experiment an estimated several thousand Mayflies hatched in Sawyer Harbor in 2016. They had previously been extirpated.[214]

From April to September 2016, 43 species of insects were found to pollinate 26 species of plants near the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal.[215]

Bryozoans have been noticed clinging to piers.[216]

By season

Springtime

Maple syrup production[217] was 983 gallons in 2017 from seven operations. This was similar to figures from 2012, but down from 2007 when 15 operations produced 2,365 gallons.[218]

The sucker run, which was a popular fishing event in the 19th century,[219] occurs in March and April.[220] Suckers may be taken by frame dip nets,[221] and the sucker run is also sought out as viewing opportunity.[222] Another permitted method of fishing for suckers is by speargun. In April 2018, the state speargun record for longnose sucker was taken by out of Door County waters on the Lake Michigan side. It weighed 3lb and was long. In April 2020, the all-methods state record for longnose sucker was caught out of Shivering Sands Creek. It weighed 3lb and was long.[223]

Another attraction is mushroom hunting on public land.[224] [225] Additionally, there are two commercial mushroom operations.[226]

Summer

In 2017, there were ten operations growing of strawberries.[227]

In 2017, there were eight operations harvesting 5acres of fresh cut herbs, up from 4acres in 2012.[228] Two of these operations grow lavender on Washington Island.[229] [230]

In Baileys Harbor, religious tourism includes the Blessing of the Fleet.[231]

Door County has a history of strawberry,[232] apple, cherry, and plum growing that dates back to the 19th century.[233] [53] Farmers were encouraged to grow fruit on the basis of the relatively mild climate on the peninsula. This is due to the moderating effects of the lake and bay on nearby land temperatures. U-pick orchards and fruit stands can be found along country roads when in season, and there are two cherry processors.[234]

However, the cherry and apple businesses have declined[235] since peaking in 1941[236] and 1964[53] [237] respectively due to concerns about pesticides,[238] lack of migrant labor and a difficulty in finding local help, the closure of processing plants, unpredictable harvests, the introduction of Drosophila suzukii, land-use competition with tourism and residential development, better growing conditions to the east in the fruit belt, such as the nearby Traverse City area,[239] [53] and intentional destruction of a portion of the crop ordered by the processor in order to drive up prices.[240] In 2017, there were only of tart cherry orchards, down from 2012 when there were .[241]

Lightning bugs become common by the end of June.[242]

Fall

Additionally, there were of apple orchards in 2017, down from in 2012.[243] In 2017, there were of pear orchards, spread among 11 operations.[244] In 2017, there was only 1acres of plum orchards, spread among four operations.[245] In 2007, there were 2acres of apricot orchards, spread among six operations.[246] Research on the development of cold-hardy peaches has continued since the 1980s.[247] In 2012, there were two acres of peach orchards, spread among seven operations.[248]

In 2017, there were of vineyards, down from in 2012.[249] The county was recognized as part of a larger federally designated wine grape-growing region in 2012.[250]

In 2021, a county total of 3,940 deer were killed as a total of all deer hunting seasons, up from the total harvest of 4,166 deer in 2020.[251] In 2020, the county had the 6th highest deer density in the state with 56 deer per square mile of habitat.[252]

Another autumn activity is leaf peeping.[253]

Winter

Winter attractions include ice fishing, sledding, cross-country skiing,[254] camping,[255] broomball,[256] pond hockey,[257] snowmobiling,[258] watching lake freighters in Sturgeon Bay,[259] and Christmas tree farms.[260] [261] In 2017, 860 Christmas trees were cut, down from 1,929 in 2012.[262] The county has a white Christmas nearly 60% of the time.[263]

Culture

Lighthouses and historical sites

Including both Lake Michigan and Green Bay shorelines, there are 50 total lights and lighthouses, besides lighted buoys.[264] Out of these, there are 10 historically significant lighthouse structures and sets of lights still serving as navigational lights. Most of them were built during the 19th century and are listed in the National Register of Historic Places: Baileys Harbor Range Lights, Cana Island Lighthouse,[265] Chambers Island Lighthouse, Eagle Bluff Lighthouse, Pilot Island Lighthouse, Plum Island Range Lights,[266] Pottawatomie Lighthouse, and Sturgeon Bay Canal Lighthouse. Other functioning historic lighthouses in the county include the Sherwood Point Lighthouse and the Sturgeon Bay Canal North Pierhead Light.[267] The Boyer Bluff Light is mounted on an 80-foot skeletal tower.[268] In addition, the Baileys Harbor Light is a non-functioning 19th century lighthouse.[267]

Thirteen historical sites are marked in the state maritime trail for the area[269] in addition to nine roadside historical markers.[270] In Sturgeon Bay, the tugboat John Purves is operated as a museum ship. Including lighthouses, the county has 72 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There are 214 known confirmed and unconfirmed shipwrecks listed for the county,[271] including the SS Australasia, Christina Nilsson, Fleetwing, SS Frank O'Connor, Grape Shot, Green Bay, Hanover, Iris, SS Joys, SS Lakeland, Meridian, Ocean Wave, and Success. The SS Louisiana sank during the Great Lakes Storm of 1913.[272] Some shipwrecks are used for wreck diving.[273]

Buildings made from cordwood construction survive in the county, especially in the Bailey's Harbor area. Some, such as the Blacksmith Inn, are covered with clapboards on the outside.[274] [275] It has been speculated that the use of stovewood in the county was associated with German immigrants and was also due to the lack of manpower needed to haul heavy logs.[276]

Food

Agritourism and culinary tourism supports food production.[277] Cooking classes are offered to tourists.[278]

Distinctive foods in the area include:

Scandinavian heritage

Scandinavian heritage-related attractions include The Clearing Folk School, two stave churches,[305] structures in Rock Island State Park furnished with rune-inscribed furniture,[306] and Al Johnson's Swedish Restaurant, which features goats on its grassy roof. In Ephraim, the Village Hall, the Moravian and Lutheran churches, and the Peter Peterson House are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as is the L. A. Larson & Co. Store building in Sturgeon Bay. Although fish boils have been attributed to Scandinavian tradition,[307] several ethnicities present on the peninsula have traditions of boiling fish. The method common in the county is similar to that of Native Americans.[308]

Industry

In Sturgeon Bay, industrial tourism includes tours of the Bay Shipbuilding Company,[309] CenterPointe Yacht Services[310] [311] and other manufacturers.[312] In particular, Bay Ship owns a blue gantry crane that dominates the skyline.[313] A cheese factory in Clay Banks conducts public tours.[314]

Arts

Tourism supports an arts community, including weavers,[315] painters,[316] decorative artists,[317] blacksmiths,[318] actors, songwriters,[319] musicians,[320] and hymn-singers.[321]

A quilt trail along roadside barns was organized in 2010.[322]

The interesting landscape makes it an attractive target for photography. Several photographs have been used for commemorative stamps. A Town of Sturgeon Bay farm was featured on a stamp commemorating the Wisconsin Sesquicentennial in 2004,[323] and a cherry orchard near Brussels was featured on 2012 Earthscapes series stamp.

Sports

Sports tourism includes an underwater hockey team,[324] a motor racetrack in Sturgeon Bay,[325] and a semi-pro football team in Baileys Harbor.[326]

A county-wide men's baseball league has eight teams.[327]

High school sports teams play in the Packerland Conference, except for girls' swimming and golf, which compete in the Bay Conference.

In 2014, Door County ranked 264th out of all 3,141 U.S. counties by number of golf courses and country clubs. The county has nine courses, tying with 42 other counties. Door County had the 87th highest number of courses per resident of all U.S. counties.[328]

Motorcycling

In 2020, 3,545 motorcycles were registered in the county, up from 1,806 in 2008.[329] A motorcycle club hosts a regional burning man event[330] involving a large wooden cow and maintains the adjacent Wisconsin Motorcycle Memorial.[331]

Flying

In 2021, 49 aircraft were registered in the county,[332] up from 46 aircraft in 2019.[333] During the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh, a fish boil is held as a $100 hamburger event at the Washington Island Airport to entice AirVenture conventiongoers to land on the island.[334]

Radio stations

Economy

See main article: Economy of Door County, Wisconsin. Door County's economy is considered a "forestry-related tourism"-based economy.[335] In 2020, the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the county was $1.39 billion, with the $274 million manufacturing industry overtaking real estate and rental and leasing that year to become the leading industry in the county at 19.7% of the overall GDP.[336]

Transportation

Land

According to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), in 2021 Door County had 1270miles of roadways.[337] In county figures for 2007 there were 1,455 named roads in the county.[338] In 2013 there were 588disp=preunitNaNdisp=preunit of county trunk highways, 1743disp=preunitNaNdisp=preunit of local roads, and 268disp=preunitNaNdisp=preunit of state highways.[339] In WisDOT figures for 2018, there were 102miles of state highways, 296miles of county highways, and 872miles of local roads.[337]

Altogether, the county's roadways account for 1.10% of Wisconsin's 115,751 miles of public roadway.[337] [340] The county's roadways saw 501 million miles of vehicle travel in 2019, which was 0.43% of the 115.7 billion miles driven statewide that year.[341] [340] The highest volumes of traffic in the county occur on WIS 42/WIS 57 from the junction of the separated highways in Nasewaupee to the bridge over the bay.[342] From 2014 through 2017, fatalities and serious injuries especially occurred on the western side of the peninsula between the bay of Sturgeon Bay and Egg Harbor.[342] From 2018 through 2020, crashes involving injuries or fatalities peaked in the month of July, on Saturdays, and between 3:00 PM and 4:00 PM.[341]

The combined WIS 42/WIS 57 separates again at a junction in Sevastapol. Following this separation, WIS 42 continues along the western side of the peninsula and sees more traffic than WIS 57,[342] which continues along the eastern side. The two highways combine again at a junction in Liberty Grove.

There are five rustic roads in the county.[345] In addition to state-recognized rustic roads, Liberty Grove manages a heritage roads program. there were 12 heritage roads in the town.[346]

There are 230.8miles of snowmobile trails,[347] [348] which are opened as trails are groomed.[349]

Non-motorized

Bridges across Sturgeon Bay

Ground transportation

A daily private shuttle service operates between Green Bay–Austin Straubel International Airport and Sturgeon Bay.[359] The nearest intercity bus stop with regular service is in Green Bay.[360] There are multiple private and public ground transportation services within the county, but none with regularly scheduled stops for the general public.[361] [362]

Air

There are eleven airports in the county, including private or semi-public airports.

Water

Ferries

Boat ramps and marinas

Population and its health

Demographics

2020 census

As of the census of 2020,[373] the population was 30,066. The population density was 62.4/mi2. There were 23,738 housing units at an average density of 49.3/mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 92.3% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 3.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 Census

As of the 2000 census,[374] there were 27,961 people, 11,828 households, and 7,995 families residing in the county. The population density was 58/mi2.[375] There were 19,587 housing units at an average density of 41/mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.84% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 39.4% were of German and 10.3% Belgian ancestry. A small pocket of Walloon speakers forms the only Walloon-language region outside of Wallonia and its immediate neighbors.[376] [377]

Out of a total of 11,828 households, 58.10% were married couples living together, 6.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 28.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.84.[378]

For every 100 females there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.50 males. 22.10% of the population was under the age of 18,[379] a decrease from 25.9% being under the age of 18 in the 1990 census.[380]) Additionally, 6.10% were aged from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, and 27.70% from 45 to 64.[379]

Births, deaths, and migration

In 2020, there were 192 births, giving a general fertility rate of 51.1 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the 15th lowest rate out of 72 Wisconsin counties.[381]

Between April 2010 and January 2021, there were an estimated 2,257 births and 3,606 deaths in the county. Although the greater number of deaths served to decrease the population by an estimated 1,349 people, this was more than offset by a net gain of 2,654 people who moved in from outside the county. Altogether, the population increased by an estimated 1,305 persons during this period.[382] Based on 5-year ACS estimates, Door County is thought to have had a net loss of residents to other counties from 2009 to 2015 and also in 2018, but a net gain from other counties in 2016-2017 and 2019.[383]

Most elderly and youthful communities

From ACS data from 2014 to 2018, the most elderly community in the county was the village of Ephraim with a median age of 65.4, the seventh most elderly out of all 1965 cities, towns, and villages having available data. Following Ephraim was Egg Harbor with a median age of 64.0, the 14th most elderly in the state, Sister Bay with a median age of 63.4, tied with Sherman in Iron County as the 18th most elderly, Washington Island with a median age of 62.9, tied with Union in Burnett County as the 22nd most elderly, Liberty Grove with a median age of 62.4, tied with Lakewood in Oconto County as the 26th most elderly, Egg Harbor with a median age of 59.8, tied with three other towns as the 55th most elderly, Gibraltar with a median age of 59.4, tied with the town of Raddison in Sawyer county as the 64th most elderly, and Bailey's Harbor with a median age of 58.5, tied with Big Bend in Rusk County as the 83rd most elderly.

The youngest community in Door County was the village of Forestville with a median age of 39.0. It tied with 12 other communities as the 429th youngest community in the state. Following the village of Forestville was the city of Sturgeon Bay with a median age of 42.8, tied with 9 other communities as the 742nd youngest in the state, Brussels with a median age of 46.9, tied with 8 other communities as the 1163rd youngest in the state, the town of Forestville with a median age of 47.4, tied with 9 other communities as the 1222nd youngest in the state, and Gardner with a median age of 49.4, tied with 15 other communities as the 1434th youngest in the state.[384]

Based on ACS data from 2013 to 2017, the county had a median age of 52.4 years old, tied with Florence as the fifth most elderly of all Wisconsin counties.[385] This was an increase from the 2000 census, which reported a county median age of 43 years.[379] In the 2000 census, 18.70% of the county population was 65 years of age or older.[379] By 2015, the percentage of elderly climbed, with 25.8% of the population being 65 or older, the third highest in the state.[386]

From 2013 to 2017, 36.8% of the 9,358 households in the county included children, based on the ACS 5-year estimate, compared to 44.2% for Wisconsin in 2017, based on the ACS one-year estimate.[387]

Religious statistics

In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Door County was the Catholics, with 9,325 adherents worshipping at six parishes, followed by 2,982 ELCA Lutherans with seven congregations, 2,646 WELS Lutherans with seven congregations, 872 Moravians with three congregations, 834 United Methodists with four congregations, 533 non-denominational Christians with six congregations, 503 LCMS Lutherans with two congregations, 283 LCMC Lutherans with one congregation, 270 Converge Baptists with three congregations, 213 Episcopalians with one congregation, 207 UCC Christians with one congregation, and 593 other adherents. Altogether, 69.3% of the population was counted as adherents of a religious congregation.[388]

In 2014, Door County had the 719th-most religious organizations per resident out of all 3,141 U.S. counties, with 34 religious organizations in the county.[328]

Marriages

Five-year ACS data from 2012 to 2016 show that an estimated 24.6% of women aged 45–54 in the county had never been married, the 69th highest percentage of never-married women in this age bracket out of 3,130 U.S. counties reporting data. The ACS estimate also found that 75.9% of women aged 35–44 were married, the 389th highest number of married women in this age bracket out of 3,136 counties reporting data. 13.4% of births were to unmarried women; the county was tied with three other counties in having the 180th lowest percentage of births to unmarried women out of 3,021 counties reporting data.[389]

In 2017, the county had the 25th-most marriages and 44th-most divorces out of all Wisconsin counties. September had the most marriages, with 68.[390] In 2016 the county was the 45th-most populous in the state.[391]

Public health

In most measures of public health for 2019, the county has figures as healthy as or healthier than those of the entire state.[392] In 2017–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System figures, adults in Door County have the highest incidence of arthritis, high blood pressure, cancer, high cholesterol, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke when compared to adults in Wisconsin counties to the south along the Lake Michigan shore. Among the same counties, Door County has the second lowest incidence of asthma and the loss of all teeth, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes rates are the second highest. When compared to counties directly to the north in the Upper Peninsula, health outcomes in Door County tend to be about the same or better, with mixed results when comparing Door County with Wisconsin counties directly to the west across Green Bay.[393] According to calculations based on 2010–2014 data, children born in Door County have a life expectancy of 80.9 years, the ninth highest of Wisconsin's 72 counties.[394] From 2000 to 2010, the county's premature death rate for people under 75 fell 35.0%, the second-greatest reduction in Wisconsin.[395]

Much of the county is thought to be far enough away from a maternity ward to cause some babies to be born outside of a maternity ward unintentionally, and the very northern part of the peninsula and Washington Island together account for one of only three populated areas in the state which are at least 30 miles away from a maternity ward.[396]

In December 2018, Door County residents aged 18–64 were less likely to be receiving government payments for disability than the averages for Wisconsin and the United States as a whole.[397] Five-year ACS estimates for 2012–2016 found that Door County tied with 24 other counties in having the 573rd lowest percentage of disabled residents under 65 out of all 3,145 U.S. counties. 9.3% were disabled.[389]

According to 2015-2019 ACS estimates, 8.66% of Door County's population are veterans. 20.36% of the county's veterans have a disability, compared to 9.07% for the county as a whole.[398] In 2019 there were 422 veterans in the county receiving compensation for a service-connected disability. 64 were aged 17–44, 84 were aged 45–64, and 274 were 65 or older. 391 were male and 31 were female. Disability ratings varied with 146 rating up to 20% disabled, 68 rating from 20%–60%, 84 rating from 70%–90% disabled, and 59 who were rated as 100% disabled.[399]

From 2009 to 2013 the county had the highest skin cancer rate in the state.[400]

A CDC survey of people reporting frequent mental distress (14–30 mentally unhealthy days in the last 30 days, data aggregated over 2003–2009) found that people in Door County were more likely to be distressed than those in most Wisconsin counties, but less likely to be distressed than those in the heavily urbanized southeast portion of the state.[401] In 2018 figures for Medicare recipients, the county had the second-lowest prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in the state at 1.03%, although data was only available for 71 of Wisconsin's 72 counties. Nationally the county had the 87th lowest prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The county also ranked 51st lowest in the state for depression at 16.13% of Medicare recipients.

With a rate of 9.53 county-medicated children per 1000 children, Door County had the fourth highest rate in the state out of all 27 counties and multi-county social services agencies reporting statistics on the psychiatric medication of minors in 2019. Out of the 51 medicated minors in 2021, 27 were female and 24 were male, 39 were white, 9 were of an unknown race, and 3 belonged to another race or was multiracial. Out of all races, 7 were ethnically Hispanic/Latino[402]

In 2019, the county Behavioral Health Unit had 185 clients, up from 142 in 2018.

In 2017–2019 figures, 15.0% of the county's adult population smoked, the fourth lowest in the state and 275th lowest nationally.[403]

In 2017, three people died from drug abuse, up from two in 2016.[404]

In 2021 figures from a national health statistics program, Door County ranked 27th highest out of all counties nationally for adults either binge drinking or drinking heavy amounts of alcohol. 27.5% of adults surveyed in the county reported either binge or heavy drinking within the last thirty days, with an error margin between 26%–29%.[405]

In 2018, Door County ranked 88th nationally for the lowest percentage of Medicare recipients who abused drugs or substances. It also had state's lowest prevalence of drug and substance abuse with 1.17% of Medicare recipients abusing drugs or substances. It also had the second lowest prevalence of alcohol abuse among Medicare recipients out of all Wisconsin counties. 1.36% of the 6,403 Medicare recipients in the county were known to abuse alcohol, which was less than the national average of 2.08%. It also ranked the lowest in the state for chronic kidney disease at 17.68% of Medicare recipients. In 2018, 3.65% of all Medicare Part D prescriptions were for opioids, less than the state average of 4.67% and the national average of 4.68%. 4,376 Medicare claims in the county were for opioids and involved 66 different prescribers. Of the 4,376 claims, 624 of them (14.26%) involved long-acting opioids, which contain more drug, have a larger potential for misuse and addiction, and are of significant concern in the opioid epidemic in the United States. Although 14.26% was less than the state average of 14.47%, it was greater than the national average of 11.79%. Both the overall Medicare Part D opioid prescription rate and the rate for long-acting opioids decreased between 2013 and 2018.[406] In 2020, 15 deaths from opioid related overdoses were reported in the county.[407]

The prevalence of arthritis in the county was the highest in the state at 38.03% of Medicare recipients, respectively. Nationally, Door County ranked 92nd highest for the most cancer among Medicare recipients, and it was also the top ranking county in the state with 9.98% of Medicare recipients having cancer.[408] Out of all Wisconsin counties and for all ages, Door County had the ninth lowest age-adjusted death rate for cancer in 2015–2019 figures.[409]

COVID-19

On March 25, 2020, non-essential businesses were closed under the statewide Safer at Home order,[410] with the first case in the county reported on March 30.[411] After a ruling from the Wisconsin Supreme Court struck down the statewide order, the county board extended the quarantine until May 19, 2020.[412] Some businesses were impacted by the coronavirus-related suspension of the J-1 visa program; no foreign students received visas to work in Door County in 2020.[413] Meal sites for the elderly remained closed and did not reopen until June 7, 2021.[414] Additionally, the county Adult Protective Services experienced a 70.7% drop in referrals in 2020 with only 115 new referrals submitted.[415] This was due to elderly not leaving their homes as often and not having contact with people who typically file allegations with the Adult Protective Services.[416] Previously the volume of allegations of self-neglect, abuse, and financial exploitation had increased from 61 referrals in 2007 to 392 referrals in 2019.[417] Reports of child abuse and neglect decreased from 433 in 2019 to 396 in 2020;[418] this was due to children not seeing teachers, medical professionals, or other mandated reporters.[416] In 2021, both counts increased, with 121 APS referrals[419] and 517 CPS reports for the year.[418] Coronavirus statistics are updated weekly by the Door County Public Health Office,[420] and vaccination figures are published by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services[421] and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[422]

Crime

In 2020, there were 208 felony cases prosecuted by the county,[423] up from 195 cases in 2019 and 171 in 2018. No trials were held concerning any of the felony cases in 2020.[423] In 2019, 3 cases went to trial, down from 6 in 2018.[424]

The county has been a focus of sex-trafficking enforcement efforts.[425] From 2015 to 2020 there were no reports of sex-trafficking in the county.[426]

In 2014, the voluntary intoxication defense in Wisconsin was repealed due to outcry following its use during a trial in Door County. Initially the trial ended with a hung jury but a retrial resulted in a conviction.[427] [428]

Communities

Incorporated communities

City

Villages

Towns

Unincorporated communities

Former communities

Absorbed into Sturgeon Bay

Sites used as parks

Adjacent counties

By land

In Green Bay

Along the Rock Island Passage

In Lake Michigan

Notable people

Politics

From May through August 2019, a randomized study asked 313 beachgoers visiting 27 Door County beaches and 85 beachgoers visiting three beaches in Algoma, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc which political party they belonged to. Out of the total 398 people surveyed, 38.4% were Democratic, 26% Republican, 19.6% Independent, 1% Green, 1% Libertarian, 2.2% Other, and 11.8% gave no response.[442] The county has voted for the winner of every presidential election since 1980, except in 1992.

The county has voted more moderately Republican than nearby Brown, Kewaunee and Manitowoc Counties ever since 1940, only voting for a Democrat in 1964 and 1996. In addition, the county has voted for the winning candidate in every presidential election since 1996. President Clinton was the last candidate to win the state without carrying Door County in the 1992 presidential election.

Up until the 2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, Door County had voted Republican since the 2010 gubernatorial election.

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Our own story: It's here and It's delicious . Jim . Robertson . Door County Advocate . 107 . 99 . March 4, 1969 . 1 .
  2. Web site: 2020 Population and Housing State Data . United States Census Bureau . August 28, 2021.
  3. Web site: Find a County . June 7, 2011 . National Association of Counties . https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx . May 31, 2011 .
  4. Web site: Wisconsin: Individual County Chronologies . Wisconsin Atlas of Historical County Boundaries . . 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200214002752/https://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/WI_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm . August 13, 2015. February 14, 2020 .
  5. Book: The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States . 108 . Henry . Gannett . 1905 . Washington, D.C. . U.S. Government Printing Office . May 7, 2018 . Internet Archive .
  6. Book: Kohl . Cris . Joan . Forsberg . Shipwrecks at Death's Door . 10 .
  7. Book: Eaton, Conan Bryant . Death's Door: The Pursuit of a Legend . Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin . Bayprint . 1980 . Revised . 22 .
  8. Book: Holand, Hjalmar . History of Door County Wisconsin, The County Beautiful . Chicago . S. J. Clarke . 1917 . 77 .
  9. Book: Titus, William A. . History of the Fox River Valley, Lake Winnebago, and the Green Bay region . 2 . Chicago . S.J. Clarke . 1930 . Chapter XXXVI: Door County . 802 .
  10. News: https://web.archive.org/web/20070202071808/http://www.bleidoorcountytimes.com/blogpage.asp?blogPageId=4 . February 2, 2007 . On Islands, Lighthouses, & The Keeper of the Light on Pilot Island: Martin Nicolai Knudsen; 'A Gleam Across the Wave' . Norbert Blei Door County Times . December 20, 2006.
  11. Book: Hale, James B. . Going For The Mail: A History Of Door County Post Offices . Brown County Historical Society . Green Bay, Wisconsin . 1996.
  12. Book: https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054804/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Forestville%20Comp%20Plan%202009.pdf . January 13, 2020 . Village of Forestville Comprehensive Plan . September 11, 2009 . 14–16 .
  13. Book: Soucek . G. . Door County Tales: Shipwrecks, Cherries and Goats on the Roof . Arcadia Publishing . American Chronicles . 2011 . 978-1-61423-383-1 . April 23, 2017 .
  14. News: Southern Door County's Belgian Wayside Chapels . Lott . Katie . May 1, 2009 . Door County Living . January 22, 2019 . Web site: Where to Find Belgian Chapels in Door County . Door County Visitor Bureau . January 22, 2019.
  15. Book: Holand, Hjalmar Rued . Wisconsin's Belgian community: an account of the early events in the Belgian settlement in northeastern Wisconsin with particular reference to the Belgians in Door County . http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/USAIN/BelgComm/reference/wi.belgcomm.i0013.pdf . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/USAIN/BelgComm/reference/wi.belgcomm.i0013.pdf . October 9, 2022 . live . Chapter VII: Belgian Characteristics and Customs . 82 ff . 1933. See also the Table of Contents for the entire book.
  16. https://data.glifwc.org/ceded/reference.maps/Wisconsin1.Map64.png . Wisconsin 1 . 1:2,217,600 . . Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: 1896-97, Part 2 . J. W. . Powell . Charles C. . Royce . Cyrus . Thomas . 1899 . 728 .
  17. Web site: Door County Survey Notes . Wisconsin Board of Commissioners of Public Lands.
  18. Web site: Surveys, Door County, Wisconsin . General Land Office Records . United States Bureau of Land Management .
  19. News: Fifty Cents an Acre . Door County Advocate . 76 . 3 . March 26, 1937 . 4 . August 9, 2021 . August 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210809204758/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20131118/00000633&pg_seq=16&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=fifty%20cents%20an%20acre&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  20. Web site: Patents, Door County, Wisconsin . General Land Office Records . United States Bureau of Land Management .
  22. Web site: Patents, Land Act of 1820, Door County Wisconsin . General Land Office Records . United States Bureau of Land Management.
  23. Web site: Patents, Homestead Act of 1862, Door County Wisconsin . General Land Office Records . United States Bureau of Land Management.
  24. Web site: Patents, Morrill Act of 1862, Door County Wisconsin . General Land Office Records . United States Bureau of Land Management.
  25. News: County Had 3,000 people in 1862; Sturgeon Bay, a Settlement of 30 Homes . Hjalmar R. . Holand . Door County Advocate . 76 . 3 . March 26, 1937 . 1 . August 9, 2021 . August 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210809183808/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20131118/00000633&pg_seq=13&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=county%20had3,000%20people%20in%201862%20sturgeon%20bay%20a&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  26. Book: Tornadoes of Fire at Williamsonville, Wisconsin, October 8, 1871 . 1990 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/transactions/WT1990/reference/wi.wt1990.jmmoran.pdf . October 9, 2022 . live . Joseph M. . Moran . E. Lee . Somerville . Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.
  27. News: The Fire That Took Williamsonville . Skiba . Justin . September 2, 2016 . Door County Living . January 22, 2019.
  28. Web site: Tornado Memorial Park . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055040/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/Tornado.pdf . January 13, 2020 . kiosk historical notes, also see Web site: County C Park and Ride lot panel draft . 19 . June 4, 2019 . June 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200537/http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf . dead .
  29. Book: https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf . January 13, 2020 . Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 . Chapter 3: Historical and Cultural Resources . Vol. II, Resource Report . Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County. pp. 19–20.
  30. Book: Inventory of the Church Archives of Wisconsin: Moravian Church . ((Historical Records Survey, Division of Women's and Professional Projects)) . Works Progress Administration . 1938 . 21. and Book: Holand, Hjalmar R. . https://books.google.com/books?id=zFo0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA333-IA1 . Chapter XXXIV: Ephraim . History of Door County, Wisconsin . 1917 . Chicago . S. J. Clarke .
  31. Brick by Brick: A Comparative pXRF Analysis of Brickworks and Structures in the Belgian-American Community of the Door Peninsula . Lisa Marie . Zimmerman . M.S. thesis . University of Wisconsin Milwaukee . 2013 . and Book: Holmes, Fred L. . Old World Wisconsin: around Europe in the Badger State . E. M. Hale and Co. . 1944 . 163 .
  32. News: An Advocate For The County . Jeffery F. . Davis . Door County Magazine . 1998.
  33. Book: Portrait of the Past: A Photographic Journey Through Wisconsin, 1865–1920 . Howard . Mead . Jill . Dean . Susan . Smith . Madison, Wisconsin . Wisconsin Trails . 1998 . 57 .
  34. Book: Transportation Profile Draft . Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 Transportation Advisory Workgroup . 5 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055046/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Transportation_Profile_DRAFT.pdf . January 13, 2020 .
  35. Web site: Station Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wisconsin . U.S. Coast Guard History Program . . https://web.archive.org/web/20080925200639/http://uscg.mil/history/stations/STURGEONBAYCANAL.pdf . November 23, 2011. September 25, 2008 .
  36. Web site: USCG Station Washington Island . . November 23, 2012 . January 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121025025700/http://www.uscg.mil/d9/sectlakemichigan/STAWashingtonIslandUO.pdf . October 25, 2012 .
  37. Web site: Total Indian Population as of June 1, 1890 . Bureau of the Census . 1 .
  38. Web site: Table 7. Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, For Counties and For Cities of 25,000 or More: 1920, 1920, and 1900. . Fourteenth Census of the United States: State Compendium: Wisconsin . Bureau of the Census . 1925 . 33 .
  39. News: Railway Express . Door County Advocate . 76 . 3 . March 26, 1937 . 3 . August 9, 2021 . August 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210809204753/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20131118/00000633&pg_seq=15&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=into%20town%20august%209%201894%20since%20that%20time%20the&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  40. News: The Rise and Fall of the Ahnapee & Western Railway . Myles Jr. . Dannhausen . Patty . Williamson . Door County Living . November 15, 2011 .
  41. Book: Mailer, Stan . Green Bay & Western The First 111 Years . Hundman Publishing . 1989 .
  42. Book: Thomas, Bruce . 767578020 . Door County Wisconsin's Peninsular Jewel . 1993 . 33–34, 41 . also see the inflation calculator from measuringworth.com
  43. Book: Ships and Shipwrecks in Door County, Wisconsin . 2 . Arthur C. . Frederickson . Lucy F. . Frederickson . Frankfort, Michigan . 1963 . 3 . A.C. and L.F. Frederickson.
  44. Hart . John Fraser . 214100 . Resort Areas in Wisconsin . Geographical Review . 74 . 2 . 1984 . 206, 207, and 198–200 .
  45. A Bee-keeper's Vacation Spent in Wisconsin . C. F. . Dadant . September 19, 1901 . American Bee Journal . 41 . 38 . Chicago . 957 .
  46. .
  47. Book: Nolen, John . State parks for Wisconsin. Report of John Nolen, Landscape Architect, With Letter of Transmittal by State Park Board . 1909 . 31 .
  48. Wisconsin's Wonderland . Roy J. . Schuknecht . See America First Magazine . 7 . 4 . May–June 1921 . 103 .
  49. Wisconsin's Door Peninsula 'A Kingdom So Delicious' . William S. . Ellis . National Geographic . March 1969 . 350 .
  50. Book: Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Acquisition, Development and Management of Grand Traverse Islands State Park, Door County Wisconsin . Bureau of Environmental Impact . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . June 1978 . 35 . https://books.google.com/books?id=SGw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA35 . Recreational Demand .
  51. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ2adpfyT34C&q=%22per+year+visit+the+Door%22&pg=PR10-IA3 . Final Environmental Impact Statement, Project I.D. 1480-04/08-00, STH 57, STH 54 - STH 42 Brown, Kewaunee and Door Counties . Appendix E, Bay Shore County Park 4(f)/6(4) Evaluation, Purpose and Need for Proposed Action, Part C. Need for the Action . December 3, 1998 . 10 .
  52. quotation taken from the Green Bay Press Gazette, June 15, 1938, in Book: Tishler, William H. . Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park . Madison . University of Wisconsin Press . 2006 . 194. 9780299220730 .
  53. Cain . Cortney . May 2006 . The Development of Apple Horticulture in Wisconsin, 1850s-1950s: Case Studies of Bayfield, Crawford, and Door Counties . M.A. thesis . Chapter 4, Door County Apple Horticulture . UW-Madison . https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005752947 . September 15, 2019 .
  54. Web site: Geography of Apple Orchards in Wisconsin: Examining the Core of Cultivation . Kody . Bankston . Morgan . Jarocki . Adrienne . Miller . amp . Student paper . University of Wisconsin-Madison . 2012 .
  55. Web site: Migrant Labor and Door County Cherries . Emily . Irwin . July 1, 2017 . June 10, 2019 . February 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220223190334/https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ . dead .
  56. Book: Weso, Thomas Pecore . Good Seeds: A Menominee Indian Food Memoir . Wisconsin Historical Society Press . 2016 . 29 . 9780870207723 .
  57. News: Mariah . Goode . The Harvest of 1945: German POW Camps Filled Door County's Labor Shortage . Door County Pulse . July 1, 2005 .
  58. News: Cheyenne . Lentz . Story of Wisconsin's German POWs Is a Piece of Hidden History, Author Says . Wisconsin Public Radio . June 23, 2015 .
  59. News: Damien . Jaques . Cherry Picking with German POWs in Door County . On Milwaukee . July 9, 2012 .
  60. Book: Tishler . W.H. . Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park . University of Wisconsin Press . Wisconsin Land and Life . 2006 . 978-0-299-22073-0 . April 23, 2017 .
  61. Book: Cowley, Betty . https://books.google.com/books?id=zD-kby0LiuEC&pg=PA240 . Stalag Wisconsin: Inside WW II Prisoner-of-War Camps . Oregon, Wisconsin . Badger Books . 2002 . Camp Sturgeon Bay 1945 . 240 and 243 . 9781878569837 .
  62. Book: González, Sergio . Mexicans in Wisconsin . Wisconsin Historical Society Press . 2017 . 9780870208355.
  63. Book: 51 ff . Migrant Agricultural workers in Door County . Wisconsin State Department of Public Welfare, Division for Children and Youth . 1951.
  64. Web site: Developing Strategies to Improve Farm Labor Camp Housing Policy in Massachusetts . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf . October 9, 2022 . live . Daniel . MacVeigh-Fierro . Samantha . Ricci . Damani . Walder . amp . October 19, 2014 . Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston Project Center . B.S. Interactive Qualifying Project . 65.
  65. Web site: A.W. Schorger notes . 330–632 . Web site: index to Schorger's notes: Wisconsin . Stanley . Temple . 2014 . Passenger Pigeon Project . Chicago Academy of Sciences and its Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum . 42.
  66. News: Rural News Items: Forestville . Algoma Record Herald . 29 . 25 . October 18, 1901 . 8.
  67. Book: Shelak, Benjamin J. . Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan . Black Earth, Wisconsin . Trails Books . 2003 . 41 . 9781931599214 .
  68. Book: They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf . January 13, 2020 . John . Enigl . Wallace "Bud" . Felhofer . amp . 2001 . 5 .
  69. Book: Hidden History of Sturgeon Bay . Heidi . Hodges . Kathy . Steebs . amp . Charleston, South Carolina . The History Press . 2018 . 113 . 9781467119702 .
  70. Over There and Everywhere . U.S. Air Services . 2 . 4 . 33 . November 1919.
  71. News: Horseshoe Bay Farms Still Stands Tall . Myles Jr. . Dannhausen . Door County Living . May 1, 2013 .
  72. News: Wisconsin historic aerial photographs now available online . Howard . Veregin . Wisconsin Geospatial News . February 23, 2011 . For low resolution scans of the 1952 photos, see Web site: 22 National Archive search results for 'Index to Aerial Photography of Door County, Wisconsin' . National Archives and Records Administration . October 2, 2021 . June 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220621002929/https://catalog.archives.gov/search?q=%22Index%20to%20Aerial%20Photography%20of%20Door%20County,%20Wisconsin%22&f.dateRangeFacet=%221950%20-%201959% . dead .
  73. Book: Bellak, Theodore . Memoirs of Gliding and Soaring . Freeman, South Dakota . Pine Hill Press . 1995 . 69 . 9781575790046 .
  74. News: Glider Crosses Lake in 1 Hour and 6 Minutes . Door County News . June 15, 1939 . 1 . August 4, 2021 . August 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210804220749/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=88b0dabc-478c-4621-a4a1-0ae7125b6234/wsbd0000/20131118/00001637 . dead .
  75. News: Here He Goes! Bellak and His Sailplane! . Door County Advocate . June 16, 1939 . 1 . August 4, 2021 . August 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210804220749/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20131118/00000749 . dead .
  76. Book: Bellak, Theodore . Memoirs of Gliding and Soaring . Freeman, South Dakota . Pine Hill Press . 1995 . 70, 204 . 9781575790046 .
  77. News: More Mysteries in the Great Lakes . https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065910/https://upnorthlive.com/news/neighborhood/more-mysteries-in-the-great-lakes . February 7, 2020 . Meghan . Morelli . Traverse City, Michigan . . UpNorthLive . December 14, 2012.
  78. Web site: 1959 Bridgebuilder X . https://web.archive.org/web/20191123101947/https://michiganmysteries.com/missing-ships/1959-bridgebuilder-x/ . November 23, 2019 . Ross . Richardson . Michigan Mysteries .
  79. News: Door County and Jingdezhen, China: Sister Cities . Door County Living . July 1, 2004 . December 12, 2019 .
  80. Web site: Chapter 15 Alcohol Licensing . Village of Ephraim . 4–6 .
  81. News: After 163 years, Door County's Ephraim no longer dry . Roberts . Rhonda . April 6, 2016 . WBAY-TV, Green Bay . https://web.archive.org/web/20160418213850/http://wbay.com/2016/04/06/after-163-years-door-countys-ephraim-no-longer-dry/?cid=facebook_WBAY_TV-2 . April 6, 2016 . April 18, 2016 .
  82. Web site: 2010 Census Gazetteer Files . United States Census Bureau . August 4, 2015 . August 22, 2012 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150904092735/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_55.txt . September 4, 2015 .
  83. Book: Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin . W. J. . Geib . Carl . Thompson . H.V. . Geib . USDA Bureau of Soils . 1918 . 6 . July 21, 2020 . June 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210604104655/https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf . dead .
  84. Book: Sherrill, M.G. . https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c490/eda3b833bb470534ca519baf1c4ce74a54f5.pdf . https://web.archive.org/web/20200126061420/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c490/eda3b833bb470534ca519baf1c4ce74a54f5.pdf . January 26, 2020 . Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite . Open-File Report . 1978 . U.S. Geological Survey . Water-Supply Paper 2047 . 11–12 . 10.3133/OFR7761 . 210024286 .
  85. Wisconsin Springs: Data . Susan . Swanson . Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey . See the four points located in the county on the electronic map.
  86. Book: Wardius . K. . Wardius . B. . Wisconsin Lighthouses: A Photographic and Historical Guide, Revised Edition . Wisconsin Historical Society Press . 2013 . 978-0-87020-610-8 . April 23, 2017 . 100–25 .
  87. Book: Dunphy, Maureen . Great Lakes Island Escapes . https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1916900 . Washington Island, Wisconsin . 64 . Wayne State University Press . 2016 .
  88. Book: The Green Bay Watershed: Past/Present/Future . Gerard . Bertrand . Jean . Lang . John . Ross . Technical Report #229 . University of Wisconsin Sea Grant College Program . January 1976 . Section 6.1: Early History . Technical report / University of Wisconsin—Madison Sea Grant Program; no.29 . 142 .
  89. Book: City of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan Update . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055938/https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/comprehensive-plan-update-2010-adopted1.pdf . January 13, 2020 . 2010 . Chapter 2 . 2 .
  90. Web site: Meridian County Park . Door County Parks . May 18, 2020 .
  91. Web site: Meridian County Park and Harter-Matter Sanctuary Map and trail guide. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf . October 9, 2022 . live.
  92. Book: http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf . Chapter 8. Central Lake Michigan Coastal Ecological Landscape: Bedrock Geology . The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management . Madison . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . 2015 . PUB-SS-1131Q 2015 . J-5 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf . February 28, 2010 .
  93. Book: An inventory and Assessment of the Resources of the Niagara Escarpment in Wisconsin . https://web.archive.org/web/20211102012821/http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/47143/niagara%20escarpment%20march%202001.pdf . November 2, 2021 . Candice M. . Kasprzak . Mark A. . Walter . Ronald D. . Stiegliz . Joel A. . Trick . Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission Technical Report 77 . United States Environmental Protection Agency . March 2001 . 33–37 .
  94. Lower Silurian (Llandovery) Facies, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Porosity Patterns in the Door Peninsula, Wisconsin: An Outcrop View by Mark T. Harris and Kurt R. Waldhuetter, in The Silurian Dolomite Aquifer of the Door Peninsula: Facies, Sequence Stratigraphy, Porosity, and Hydrogeology: Field Trip Guidebook (Revised Version) for the 1996 Fall Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section of the SEPM, Green Bay, Wisconsin and Pre-meeting field trip for the 1997 Meeting of the North-Central Section of the GSA, Madison Wisconsin January 1998, pages 8-12 (pages 12-16 of the pdf)
  95. Wisconsin's Door Peninsula and Its Geomorphology . Deller . Howard . Stoelting . Paul . The Wisconsin Geographer . 2 . 1986 . 32 .
  96. Web site: Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin . USDA SCS . January 22, 2019 . December 1978 . June 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200024/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf . dead .
  97. Book: Sinclair, William C. . Reconnaissance of the Ground-Water Resources of Delta County, Michigan . Michigan Geological Survey . Progress Report 24 . Physiography and Relief . 11 .
  98. Book: Final Environmental Report, Middle Door County, Wisconsin Wastewater Treatment Facilities . US Environmental Protection Agency . Region V . Chicago . February 1983 . 6 .
  99. Book: The Niagara Escarpment: Inventory Findings 1999–2001 and Considerations for Management. Final Report . Craig . Anderson . Eric . Epstein . William . Smith . Nicole . Merryfield . May 2002 . Natural Heritage Inventory Program Bureau of Endangered Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . 32 .
  100. Web site: George Pinney County Park kiosk information . January 27, 2020 . January 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200127092530/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/George_PINNEY.pdf .
  101. Book: Sherrill, M. G. . Geology and Ground Water in Door County, Wisconsin, with Emphasis on Contamination Potential in the Silurian Dolomite . United States Geological Survey . Water-Supply Paper 2047 . 1978. Locations of caves are shown on Plate 1.
  102. Web site: Man Goes Deep to Explore, Preserve the Hidden Treasures of Door County's Caves . Joel . Waldinger . October 14, 2014 . Wisconsin Life . PBS .
  103. Book: http://greatlakescoast.org/pubs/DiscoveryReports/Michigan/Final/Appendix_F_Kewaunee_Door_Brown_County_WI.pdf . Appendix F, Kewaunee, Door, and Brown County, Section I.IV.i.7, Shoreline Information . Discovery Report . STARR Partners . Shoreline: pp. 18–19; Flood insurance: p. 30 . February 2013 . Federal Emergency Management Agency Region V .
  104. Wisconsin Geology. In the Layer List, "Landforms features (lines)" was selected to show the glacial landforms.
  105. Web site: Two Rivers Ridge and Door - Leelanau Ridge . Great Lakes Data Rescue Project - Lake Michigan Bathymetry . National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service and Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research .
  106. Book: Town of Gardner 20 Year Comprehensive Plan . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060255/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Gardner%20Comp%20Plan%20Text%20and%20Maps.pdf . January 13, 2020 . January 2010 . Chapter 5 . 15).
  107. A Previously Unrecognized Impact Structure at Brussels Hill, Door County, Wisconsin: Brecciation and Shock-Metamorphic Features . Emily . Zawacki . Marcia . Bjørnerud . May 2015 . 2015 North-Central Geological Society of America Meeting . 10.13140/RG.2.2.22564.88966 .
  108. Book: Town of Brussels 2020 Comprehensive Plan . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060257/http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf . Mike . Vandenhouten . Dan . Daubner . Galen . DeJardin . George Jr. . Delveaux . Mary . Gehm . Chapter 2 . 30 . January 13, 2020 .
  109. Book: Wisconsin Land Legacy Report . http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf . https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf . February 28, 2010 . Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape: Red Hill Woods – Brussels Grassland . 134 . 2006 . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources .
  110. Web site: Get A Bird's Eye View of Wisconsin's Fall Color . Travel Wisconsin . September 21, 2017 .
  111. Note that lake level changes from year to year. Web site: Whitefish Dunes State Park Trail descriptions . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources .
  112. Book: Protect the Water You Drink . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062601/http://map.co.door.wi.us/swcd/DoorCoKarst%20(2).pdf . January 13, 2020 . Pamphlet . Debbie . Beyer . Shelby . Giguere . UW-Extension Basin Education Initiative and the Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department.
  113. Groundwater Quality Changes in a Karst Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin, USA: Reduction of Brown Water Incidence and Bacterial Contamination Resulting from Implementation of Regional Task Force Recommendations . Kevin . Erb . Eric . Ronk . Vikram . Koundinya . John . Luczaj . Resources . 2015 . 4 . 3 . 655–672 . 10.3390/resources4030655 . free .
  114. Web-Map of Door County, Wisconsin ... For All Seasons! . Door County Land Information Office . September 7, 2019 .
  115. Web site: Groundwater Quality Viewer . UW-Stevens Point College of Natural Resources . Groundwater Center .
  116. Photo of the monitoring station on p. 128 of Web site: Air Monitoring Network Plan 2016 June 2015 . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . Environmental Protection Agency . February 6, 2019 .
  117. Relations between Meteorology and Ozone in the Lake Michigan Breeze . Steven R. . Hanna . Joseph C. . Chang . Journal of Applied Meteorology . 34 . March 1995 . 678 . 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0670:RBMAOI>2.0.CO;2 .
  118. Web site: EJSCREEN . Environmental Protection Agency . October 5, 2021 .
  119. http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/6-1.pdf . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062234/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/6-1.pdf . January 13, 2020 . Map 6.1: General Soil Association . Door County Comprehensive and Farmland Preservation Plan 2035 .
  120. Book: Village of Ephraim Comprehensive Plan 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062559/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Ephraim%20Comprehensive%20Plan%202009.pdf . Chapter 6 . 5 . January 13, 2020 .
  121. Modeling Soil Temperatures and the Mesic-Frigid Boundary in the Central Great Lakes Region, 1951–2000 . Schaetzl . Randall J. . Knapp . Bruce D. . Isard . Scott A.. Soil Science Society of America Journal . 69 . 6 . 2005 . 2033–2040 . 10.2136/sssaj2004.0349 .
  122. Book: A Climatology of Late-spring Freezes in the Northeastern United States . Brian E. . Potter . Thomas W. . Cate . United States Forest Service . General Technical Report NC - 204 . 1999 . 2. Also see maps on pp. 15 and 29.
  123. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028
  124. https://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Landings_Spring-2012.pdf Landings, Journal of the Door County Land Trust
  125. https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0803.pdf A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin's Great Lakes
  126. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016754817&view=1up&seq=16 My first eighty years
  127. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066138504&view=1up&seq=254 Old peninsula days; the making of an American community
  128. News: Door County's Original Historian: Hjalmar R. Holand . Steve . Grutzmacher . Door County Living . September 4, 2015 .
  129. News: The Cape Cod of the Midwest . Lyttle . Bethany . September 11, 2008 . The New York Times . September 25, 2008 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171022141355/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/greathomesanddestinations/12mark.html . October 22, 2017 .
  130. Book: Rebecca L. Schewe . Donald R. Field . Deborah J. Frosch . Gregory Clendenning . Dana Jensen . Condos in the Woods: The Growth of Seasonal and Retirement Homes in Northern Wisconsin . May 15, 2012 . University of Wisconsin Press . 978-0-299-28533-3 . 22– .
  131. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/broadband-high-speed-internet-government-spending/ Federal lawmakers have spent billions in the wake of the pandemic to get Americans high-speed internet. And they want to spend much more.
  132. https://doorcountypulse.com/66938/ Article posted Thursday, March 6, 2014 10:36am
  133. https://web.archive.org/web/20220223152911/https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Green%20Bay%20Public%20Use%20Regs.19.508(1).pdf Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge Hunt, Fish & Public Use Regulations 2021-2022
  134. https://www.co.door.wi.gov/469/Door-County-Parks Door County Parks
  135. https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/departments/parks___recreation/park_facilities.php Park facilities
  136. Web site: Far From the Madding Crowd: Liberty Grove Town Parks. August 20, 2015. Door County Pulse.
  137. https://www.ccca.org/assnfe/CompanySearch.asp?MODE=DETAIL&COID=856&PAGENUM=5 Camp Zion
  138. https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf Ice Age Trail Guidebook 2014
  139. https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 Life During The End Of The Ice Age: The Cardy site could inform archaeologists about how humans dealt with a challenging environment.
  140. Web site: Explore Our Preserves . October 9, 2021 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010044902/https://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/portfolio/ . October 10, 2021.
  141. Lands enrolled in the tax program are shown on the DNR Private Forest Lands Open for Public Recreation interactive map and Managed Forest Law 2019 Acreage Summary Report by Municipality by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, February 25, 2019, p. 17
  142. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Beaches/maps/Door.pdf Map of Door County Beaches on Lake Michigan
  143. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711231351/https://www.doorcounty.com/media/8619/bike-map_2016_digital.pdf Bicycle and other silent sports map 2016
  144. News: Lyttle . Bethany . The Cape Cod of the Midwest . April 23, 2017 . . September 11, 2008 .
  145. https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: Wisconsin Beach Advisories
  146. See map at bottom of Web site: Door County, Wisconsin, - Sperling's BestPlaces . Bestplaces.net . December 12, 2019 .
  147. https://dnr.wi.gov/files/pdf/pubs/le/LEB314_2012.pdf 2012 Wisconsin Boating Program Report
  148. https://web.archive.org/web/20160501151731/https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/ss/SS0174.pdf Boating Pressure on Wisconsin's Lakes and Rivers: Results of the 1989–1990 Wisconsin Recreational Boating Study, Phase 1
  149. https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/sports/2018/08/07/sturgeon-bays-sikaflex-inspired-boat-race-like-no-other/917013002/ Jon Gast: It's safe to say Sturgeon Bay's Sikaflex 'boat' race is like no other
  150. https://www.co.door.wi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/739/Guide-to-Significant-Wildlife-Habitat-and-Natural-Areas-of-Door-County-WI-PDF A Guide to Significant Wildlife Habitat and Natural Areas Of Door County, Wisconsin
  151. Both Sides of Lake Michigan . blogtalkradio.com . Great Loop Radio . Kim Russo . July 6, 2017 ., at 10:36 there is a discussion of Sister Bay, at 13:04 there is a discussion of anchorages off of Door County, at 14:00 there is a discussion of Fish Creek, and at 16:50 there is a discussion of fish boils. Door County is part of the Lake Michigan Segment on the Great Loop Map, America's Great Loop Cruisers' Association, Accessed March 2, 2022
  152. https://web.archive.org/web/20160104163018/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coFfMLAj_3Y Sturgeon Bay (#405)
  153. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED088699.pdf Marine Recreational Uses of Green Bay: A Survey of Human Behavior and Attitude Patterns of High School Juniors and Seniors.
  154. Web site: Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030: Chapter 4, Agricultural and Natural Resources; p. 20 of the pdf, Tables 4.15 and 4.16 . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . November 27, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070608/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Final_20091106/Chapter%204%20-%20Agricultural%20%26%20Natural%20Resources%20_adopted%2010-27-09_.pdf . January 22, 2019 . January 13, 2020 .
    for the 26th lake, see Flora and Vegetation of the Grand Traverse Islands (Lake Michigan), Wisconsin and Michigan by Emmet J. Judziewicz, The Michigan Botanist, Volume 40, Number 4, October 2001, page 127
  155. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951t002328748&view=1up&seq=142&skin=2021 Before They're Gone
  156. https://books.google.com/books?id=WrKlpHS7yYUC&q=%22There+are+93+miles+of+streams%22&pg=PA2 Flood Insurance Study: Door County, Wisconsin Unincorporated Areas
  157. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112078786966&view=1up&seq=48&skin=2021 Environmental impact statement for the proposed development and management of Newport State Park, Door County, Wisconsin
  158. https://www.wisconsinwetlands.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Door.pdf Wetland Fact Sheet Door County, WI
  159. https://www.ramsar.org/news/united-states-designates-its-37th-ramsar-site United States designates its 37th Ramsar Site
  160. Document RIS 2218: Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands, Ramsar Information Service, March 25, 2015, also see Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands in the Ramsar Sites Information Service
  161. Web site: Figure 9: Door County Lakes and Ponds, pages 32–39 (pages 36–43 of the pdf); Rodgers lake is covered on page 23 (page 27 of the pdf) . Surface Water Inventory of Door County . Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department . January 22, 2019 . June 27, 1999 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113073051/http://map.co.door.wi.us/swcd/Surface%20Water%20Inventory%20FINAL.pdf . January 13, 2020 . and Find A Lake database, Wisconsin DNR; areas of public ownership or DNR Managed Forest Land are shown on the Door County Web Map
  162. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/naturalareas/index.asp?SNA=125 Mud Lake (No. 125)
  163. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/naturalareas/index.asp?SNA=391 Big and Little Marsh (No. 391)
  164. https://web.archive.org/web/20200622162041/https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl/api/DisplayPDF/431273444?orderNum=15-005-2006 Managed Forest Land Map 14-005-2006
  165. https://doorcountypulse.com/hike-this-judy-abner-meissner-memorial-wetlands-preserve/ Hike This: Judy Abner Meissner Memorial Wetlands Preserve
  166. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/naturalareas/index.asp?SNA=276 Coffey Swamp (No. 276)
  167. https://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021_09_22-Schartner-Property.pdf High Quality Forest Protected at Gibraltar-Ephraim Swamp
  168. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/documents/trout/trout_maps/Door_BW_portrait.pdf Door County Trout Map
  169. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/lands/WildlifeAreas/gardner.html Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area
  170. Gardner 2014 Public Access inventory in the Town of Gardner Open Space and Recreation Plan, October 17, 2014, page 8 and pages 21–23
  171. https://web.archive.org/web/20200622175647/https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl/api/DisplayPDF/427242222?orderNum=15-224-1998 Managed Forest Land Map 15-224-1998
  172. https://www.doorcountystyle.com/recent-purchase-protects-centerpiece-parcel-at-dclt%E2%80%99s-kellner-fen-nature-preserve/ Recent Purchase Protects Centerpiece Parcel at DCLT's Kellner Fen Nature Preserve
  173. https://arcg.is/1W8eLq Maplewood Swamp and the Ahnapee Trail
  174. https://arcg.is/1uev8T Stony Creek Swamp and the Ahnapee Trail
  175. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/naturalareas/index.asp?SNA=17 The Ridges Sanctuary (No. 17)
  176. Web site: Door . Wisconsin DNR . State natural areas by county . January 22, 2019 .
  177. Web site: Orchid Restoration Work at The Ridges. January 20, 2017. Door County Pulse.
  178. News: Jones . Gary . Door County's Potato Genebank . January 22, 2019 . Door County Pulse . September 16, 2009 .
  179. http://www.dcmga.org/uploads/7/8/5/0/78507148/tgd_fact_sheet.pdf The Garden Door Fact Sheet
  180. Web site: Small mammals of the Toft Point scientific area, Door County, Wisconsin: a preliminary survey . Johnson, Wendel J. . The State of Wisconsin Collection . February 6, 2019 . 1978 .
  181. Web site: Newport State Park Mammals Checklist . Melinda Kleinedler . Newport Wilderness Society . January 22, 2019 . March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113072703/http://newportwildernesssociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Newport-mammals-you-may-see.pdf . January 13, 2020 .
  182. Web site: Draft Environmental Statement for the Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wisconsin . Col. James M. Miller . U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . February 6, 2019 . October 1974 .
  183. Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Acquisition, Development and Management of Grand Traverse Islands State Park, Door County Wisconsin by the Bureau of Environmental Impact, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, June 1978, page 95, (continued) Animals of the Grand Traverse Islands
  184. http://www.wiatri.net/inventory/frogtoadsurvey/Resources/PDFs/mossman_et_al.pdf Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations
  185. Web site: page 6 of the pdf, Amphibians and Reptiles of the Potawatomi State Park Area with Notes on Other Door County Localities . Dreux J. Watermolen . Chicago Herpetological Society . January 22, 2019 . December 1992 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223115/http://chicagoherp.org/bulletin/27(12).pdf . January 23, 2019 .
  186. https://books.google.com/books?id=IGjwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA818 Chambers Island Wetland Complex
  187. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/80168/Bio%20-%20Dahlman-Guenther%20-%20Chris%20Yahnke.pdf?sequence=1 The Effect of Covid-19 on Bat Research in Wisconsin; Coughing Tiger Hidden Dragon
  188. Tales of the wild: a year with nature by Roy Lukes (entry on worldcat.org), Egg Harbor, Wisconsin: Nature-Wise, 2000, p. 73
  189. Web site: Figure 11 General Distribution of Rare Species and Habitats in Door County, p. 62 of the pdf . Surface Water Inventory of Door County . Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department . January 22, 2019 . June 27, 1999 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113073051/http://map.co.door.wi.us/swcd/Surface%20Water%20Inventory%20FINAL.pdf . January 13, 2020 .
  190. Web site: Season 4 Preliminary Results and Stats . Nick Anich . UWGB Cofrin Center for Biodiversity . January 22, 2019 . October 2, 2018 . and Web site: Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas . Cornell Lab of Ornithology . January 22, 2019.
  191. https://web.archive.org/web/20200208050259/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/WildlifeHabitat/documents/reports/eagleospreysurv5.pdf Wisconsin Bald Eagle and Osprey Nest Surveys 2019
  192. http://lakewausau.org/files/newsletter/2013-wisconsin-bald-eagle-and-osprey-surveys-finaldraft.pdf Wisconsin Bald Eagle and Osprey Nest Surveys 2013
  193. https://web.archive.org/web/20210627213958/http://heritagewindenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Garden-Peninsula-MI-Spring-Migration-Report-Draft080916.pdf Spring Migration Study: Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project Delta County, Michigan
  194. http://images.library.wisc.edu/EcoNatRes/EFacs/PassPigeon/ppv63no04/reference/econatres.pp63n04.i0008.pdf Reverse migration of Juvenile Broad-winged hawks
  195. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v051n03/p0170-p0175.pdf The Herring Gulls of Hat Island, Wisconsin
  196. https://doorcountypulse.com/door-to-nature-11/ Door to Nature column
  197. News: Door County's Islands . Sally . Slattery . Door County Living . July 1, 2014 .
  198. https://academic.oup.com/auk/article-abstract/88/1/184/5196998 Nest Parasitism by Red-Breasted Mergansers in Wisconsin
  199. See Lasioglossum sagax (article in Swedish), Bees of Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) by A. T. Wolf, J. S. Ascher, Great Lakes Entomologist, 2009, p. 153
  200. https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/stelis-labiata-f-side-nc-moore-county Stelis labiata, F, Side, NC, Moore County
  201. http://michentsoc.org/gle-pdfs/vol41no3-4.pdf#page=56 Bees of Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)
  202. https://web.archive.org/web/20201129064845/http://wiatri.net/Inventory/Bats/News/2015JanEcholocator.pdf Horseshoe Bay Cave Update (cont'd)
  203. https://web.archive.org/web/20180405011040/http://map.co.door.wi.us/Agendas-Minutes/Airport%20%26%20Parks/2014/2014-05-20%20meeting%20info%20-%20Scientific%20Inventory%20%26%20Assessment%20of%20Horseshoe%20Bay%20Cave.pdf Rapid Inventory & Assessment of Horseshoe Bay Cave
  204. https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol37/iss2/1/ Preliminary Survey of the Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda), Millipedes (Diplopoda), Harvestmen (Opiliones), and Spiders (Araneae) of Toft Point Natural Area, Door County, Wisconsin
  205. https://www.wiscontext.org/wisconsins-top-10-trends-2017-insects-and-other-pests Wisconsin's Top 10 Trends Of 2017 For Insects (And Other Pests) Reports Of Familiar And Invasive Species Points To 2018 Possibilities
  206. https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/2014/08/22/eeek-spiders-big-will-freak/14465355/ Eeek! Spiders so big you will 'freak'
  207. Web site: Hines Dragonfly . Hinesdragonfly.org . https://web.archive.org/web/20070928222551/http://www.hinesdragonfly.org/ . August 3, 2007 . September 28, 2007 .
  208. https://books.google.com/books?id=JLHNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 Nature Underfoot - Celebrating Crabgrass, Silverfish, Fruit Flies, and Dandelions
  209. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/csp2.162 Contrasting Ozark and Great Lakes populations in the endangered Hines emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) using ecological, genetic, and phylogeographic analyses
  210. Factors affecting the distribution of the threatened Lake Huron locust (Orthoptera: Acrididae) ]. https://web.archive.org/web/20200201021018/https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Orthoptera-Research/volume-14/issue-1/1082-6467%282005%2914%5B45:FATDOT%5D2.0.CO;2/Factors-affecting-the-distribution-of-the-threatened-Lake-Huron-locust/10.1665/1082-6467%282005%2914%5B45:FATDOT%5D2.0.CO;2.pdf . February 1, 2020 . Scholtens . Brian G. . Reznik. Joseph . Holland . Janet . Journal of Orthoptera Research . 2005 . 14 . 1 . 47 . 10.1665/1082-6467(2005)14[45:FATDOT]2.0.CO;2 .
  211. Terrestrial gastropod fauna of Northeastern Wisconsin and the Southern Upper Peninsula of Michigan . https://web.archive.org/web/20200113073245/http://biology.unm.edu/jnekola/nekola%20pdf/amb-18-21-44.pdf . January 13, 2020 . Jeffrey C. . Nekola . 2003 . American Malacological Bulletin . 18 . 1–2 .
  212. The Evolution of Key Tree-Fruit Pests: Classical Cases . Stewart H. . Berlocher . Jeffrey L. . Feder . 32– . CAB international . Biorational tree fruit pest management . 2009 .
  213. Book: Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes: A Synopsis and Review of the Literature, 1871–2010 . Patrick M. . Muzzall . Gary . Whelan . February 2011 . Great Lakes Fishery Commission Miscellaneous Publication 2011-01 .
  214. Evaluation of lower Green Bay benthic fauna with emphasis on re-ecesis of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs . Jerry L. . Kaster . Christopher M.. Groff . J. Val . Klump . Danielle L. . Rupp . Suneil . Iyer . Ashely . Hansen . Samantha . Barbour . Louisa . Hall . 10.1016/j.jglr.2018.06.006 . Journal of Great Lakes Research . 2018 . 44 . 5 . 14 .
  215. Vitt . Pati . Havens . Kayri . Kayri Havens . Jolls . Claudia L. . Knight . Tiffany M. . February 2020 . Temporal variation in the roles of exotic and native plant species in plant–pollinator networks . Ecosphere . 11 . 2 . 10.1002/ecs2.2981.
  216. News: Alderman Turns Limnologist, Solves Mystery of the Week . Door County Advocate . 88 . 44 . 1 . August 25, 1949 . October 29, 2021 . October 29, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211029043414/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20141103/00000460&pg_seq=1&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=aldermah%20turns&query1_field=CONTENT . dead . also see Web site: Bryozoan Summary . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources .
  217. Web site: Door County Syrup: It Depends . Jackie . Nelson . Door County Visitor's Bureau . September 7, 2019 . July 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185829/https://www.doorcounty.com/share/blogs/foodie-insider/door-county-syrup-it-depends/ . dead . and News: The sweet taste of Door County maple syrup . Alyssa . Bloechl . Green Bay Press-Gazette . April 1, 2016 .
  218. https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/results/6D4B8A13-F79F-39B2-A447-CB80E425B3F5 NASS Quick Stats
  219. Web site: History of Little Lake, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin . John L. . Herlache . 2018 . Rotary Club of Sturgeon Bay . 5 . September 7, 2019 . October 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201020061832/https://sturgeonbayrotaryclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Little-Lake-History_vdh06272018_10am.pdf . dead .
  220. Book: Atlas of the Spawning and Nursery Areas of Great Lakes Fishes . IV. Carole D. . Goodyear . Thomas A. . Edsall . Diane M. . Ormsby Dempsey . G. David . Moss . Paul E. . Polanski . 1982 . United States Fish and Wildlife Service . FNS/0BS-82/52 . 155 .
  221. Web site: Spearing, Netting, and Bait Harvest Regulations 2020–2021 . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . 13 . March 2, 2022 . October 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221006184739/https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Regs_SpearNet2021Press.pdf . dead .
  222. Web site: Door County Spring Information . https://web.archive.org/web/20170713102154/https://www.doorcounty.com/media/11602/door-county-spring-information-sheet-for-2017.pdf . Door County Visitor's Bureau . 2017 . Door County Visitor's Bureau . 1 . July 13, 2017 .
  223. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/RecordFish_WisRecordFishList.pdf Wisconsin Record Fish List
  224. News: Shortcut to Door County's Mushrooms . Jackson . Parr . Door County Living . May 2, 2016 .
  225. News: Morel mushroom hunt in Door County . Eric . Peterson . May 19, 2016 . Green Bay, Wisconsin . .
  226. USDA NASS Quick Stats data for mushrooms, 2017
  227. USDA NASS Quick Stats data for strawberries, 2007–2017
  228. USDA NASS Quick Stats data for fresh cut herbs, 1997–2017
  229. News: Scandinavian heritage, quirky charm await on winsome Washington Island . Kurt . Chandler . Chicago Tribune . June 30, 2017 .
  230. Web site: The Largest Lavender Farm In The Midwest Calls Washington Island Home . Joel . Waldinger . October 13, 2016 . Wisconsin Life . PBS .
  231. https://doorcountypulse.com/baileys-harbors-blessing-of-the-fleet-june-1/ Baileys Harbor's Blessing of the Fleet June 1
  232. Book: Paulson, Walter Ernest . The Marketing of Door County Cherries . Google Books . Ph.D. thesis . University of Wisconsin . June 26, 1923 . 13 .
  233. Web site: Apple & Cherry Orchards: Door County Wisconsin . https://web.archive.org/web/20081006071551/http://www.doorcounty.com/outdoor/orchards.aspx . October 6, 2008 .
  234. Web site: Door County: Beauty you can taste . December 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141207070545/http://doorcounty.com/cherries/ . December 7, 2014.
  235. Web site: Agriculture in Door County . Mariah Goode . September 1, 2008 . Door County Living . January 22, 2018.
  236. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  237. https://agcensus.library.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/1964-Wisconsin-COUNTY_TABLES-725-Table-13.pdf 1964 U.S. Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, Part 14: Wisconsin
  238. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shelley_Hearne/publication/283624458_Bearing_Fruit_The_Fight_For_The_FDA's_Food_Safety_Reforms/links/56d4597a08aefd177b0f4ba4.pdf Bearing Fruit: The Fight For The FDA's Food Safety Reforms
  239. Web site: Cherries are always in season for Door County . Jay Jones . April 1, 2015 . Chicago Tribune . January 22, 2018 . See also Varietal and Developmental Susceptibility of Tart Cherry (Rosales: Rosaceae) to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) by Matthew T Kamiyama, Christelle Guédot, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 112, Issue 4, August 2019, pp. 1789–1797
  240. https://www.farmprogress.com/fruit/cherry-industry-odds-over-restricted-crop-rules Cherry industry at odds over restricted crop rules
  241. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for tart and sweet cherries
  242. https://books.google.com/books?id=milvGwXoYLUC&pg=PA22 Door County Outdoors: A Guide to the Best Hiking, Biking, Paddling, Beaches, and Natural Places
  243. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for apples
  244. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for pears, 2002–2017
  245. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for plums, 2017
  246. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for apricots, 2007–2017
  247. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/P96-013 Current state of cold hardiness research on fruit crops
  248. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for peaches, 2002–2012
  249. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for grapes, 2017–2002 data
  250. News: Establishment of the Wisconsin Ledge Viticultural Area . Federal Register . Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau . March 22, 2012 . 77 FR 16674 27 CFR 9 Doc#: 2012-6927 . 16674–16676 .
  251. https://dnr.wi.gov/wideermetrics/DeerStats.aspx#background WI DNR Harvest Trends
  252. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/ForestManagement/FRM_DataReports_2020_Door.pdf Door County Forest Regeneration 2020 CDAC Report
  253. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zPiiLbQFx8 Fall Aerial Tour
  254. https://www.jsonline.com/story/travel/wisconsin/2019/02/21/summer-resort-towns-wisconsin-visit-winter-door-county-dells-minocqua/2919519002/ 3 summer resort towns in Wisconsin worth visiting in winter
  255. "at least seven plowed sites"–Great Wisconsin Winter Weekends by Candice Gaukel Andrews, Madison, Wisconsin: Trails Books, 2006, p. 64
  256. https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/door-county-ice-rinks/ Door County Ice Rinks
  257. https://doorcountypondhockey.com/ Door County Pond Hockey Tournament
  258. https://www.co.door.wi.gov/AlertCenter.aspx?CID=Snowmobile-Trail-Conditions-6 Snowmobile Trail Conditions
  259. https://fox11online.com/news/local/winter-fleet-early-arrivals-in-sturgeon-bay Winter Fleet early arrivals in Sturgeon Bay
  260. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/growing-trees-for-seasonal-holiday-is-a-year-round-job/ Growing Trees For Seasonal Holiday Is A Year-Round Job
  261. http://whoonew.com/2013/11/christmas-tree-in-northeast-wisconsin/ 7 Fun Places to Cut Your Own Christmas Tree in Northeast Wisconsin
  262. USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for Christmas trees, 1997–2017
  263. This is defined as one inch of snow or more on the ground at 6 am Christmas morning, from 1984–2014. El Niño: White Christmas Unlikely by Jim Lundstrom, Peninsula Pulse, December 23, 2015
  264. https://navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/lightLists/LightList_V7_2022.pdf Light List, Volume VII: Great Lakes
  265. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/keeper-of-the-light-a-modern-lighthouse-keeper/ Keeper Of The Light: A Modern Lighthouse Keeper
  266. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/women-learn-life-skills-while-preserving-maritime-landmarks Women Learn Life Skills While Preserving Maritime Landmarks
  267. http://www.dcmm.org/cana-island-lighthouse/door-county-lighthouses/ More Door County Lighthouses
  268. https://uslhs.org/light_lists/lighthouse_list.php?id=424 Boyer Bluff (Wisconsin)
  269. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwZBcg3pi7c Maritime Trail
  270. https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/pdfs/hp/HPR-Marker-List%206-19-2019.pdf Official List of Wisconsin's State Historic Markers
  271. Web site: Shipwrecks - Upper Lake Michigan - WI Shipwrecks. www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org.
  272. https://www.wuwm.com/post/photos-deadly-great-lakes-hurricane-1913 Photos: The Deadly Great Lakes 'Hurricane' of 1913
  273. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070558/http://www.deepsixscuba.com/docs/DoorCountyShoreDives.pdf Guide to Door County Shore Dives
  274. https://books.google.com/books?id=ICkp_5rGbOAC&pg=PA220 Around the Shores of Lake Michigan: A Guide to Historic Sites
  275. News: Stovewood: Pioneer Construction . Mariah . Goode . Door County Living . November 15, 2005 .
  276. Richard W. E. . Perrin . 1963 . 4633852 . Wisconsin 'Stovewood' Walls: Ingenious Forms of Early Log Construction . The Wisconsin Magazine of History . 46 . 3 . 217–219 .
  277. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gary_Green3/publication/233030761_Localizing_Linkages_for_Food_and_Tourism_Culinary_Tourism_as_a_Community_Development_Strategy/links/0a85e5314818f3f12f000000/Localizing-Linkages-for-Food-and-Tourism-Culinary-Tourism-as-a-Community-Development-Strategy.pdf Localizing Linkages for Food and Tourism: Culinary Tourism as a Community Development Strategy
  278. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bWruVhOMtg Savory Spoon Cooking School
  279. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015092851388&view=1up&seq=134 The Ephraim Cook Book
  280. News: Southern Door's Dessert: The Belgian Pie . Gina . Guth . Door County Living . August 1, 2018 .
  281. Belgian pie entry in the Dictionary of American Regional English . Quarterly Update 4 . Spring 2016 . University of Wisconsin-Madison .
  282. Coming Home to Door by the Door County Literary Guild, Wisconsin Rapids: Home Brew Press, 1998, page 129
  283. Immanuel Cookbook: from members and friends of Immanuel Lutheran Church, Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin. Compiled by Immanuel Luther League, Printed by On Time Publishing, Sister Bay, Wisconsin, 1996, pp. 174, 193, 199, 41, 161, 187, 183, 7, and 125
  284. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32715358 The Gift to Be Simple bread book : --a Door County journey with recipes
  285. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32715358 The Gift to Be Simple bread book : --a Door County journey with recipes
  286. https://www.pbs.org/video/around-corner-john-mcgivern-door-county-213/ Northern Door County (#213)
  287. Book: Mango . W.P. . Grandma's Home Kitchen: Where Lessons and Life Were Mixed with Love : Family Recipes & Traditions of Grandma's Swedish Bakery, Door County . Wan'a Press . 1994 . 978-0-942495-38-6 . 40 .
  288. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  289. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  290. https://web.archive.org/web/20190430101224/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94YcuajDNX4&t=721s Door County's Quiet Side (#811)
  291. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/abelskiver-and-community-on-washington-island/ Abelskiver and Community on Washington Island
  292. Recipe for Icelandic pancakes in The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 192
  293. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  294. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWs97KkWnc8 Underwater & Underground, Henriksen Fisheries & Door County Underground
  295. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA330 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  296. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StmjD9aQfHg Baked pears with cheese
  297. https://doorcountypulse.com/cheese-curds-a-wisconsin-delicacy/ Cheese Curds: A Wisconsin Delicacy
  298. https://books.google.com/books?id=dZQ0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16 The Lake Michigan Cottage Cookbook
  299. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  300. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  301. https://www.jsonline.com/story/life/food/2018/09/25/booyah-hearty-belgian-soup-stew-revered-tradition-green-bay/1356624002/ Booyah, a hearty Belgian soup-stew, is revered tradition in Green Bay
  302. https://books.google.com/books?id=EZsXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206 The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State
  303. https://lakelandboating.com/explore-the-door/ Cruising Green Bay
  304. https://www.travelwisconsin.com/restaurants/brussels-countryside-diner-194715 Brussels Countryside Diner entry
  305. The Björklunden stave church is called Boynton Chapel and it is just south of Baileys Harbor. The Washington Island Stavkirke is part of and adjacent to Trinity Lutheran Church on Washington Island.
  306. http://www.portalwisconsin.org/archives/rock_island.cfm Whisked Away to Rock Island
  307. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/18/432683662/in-the-upper-midwest-summertime-means-fish-boils In The Upper Midwest, Summertime Means Fish Boils
  308. https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/download/18000/19275 Sagamité and Booya: French Influence in Defining Great Lakes Culinary Heritage
  309. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/wisconsin-life-701-headfirst/ Wisconsin Life # 701: Headfirst
  310. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-LnJZTPbJQ Duct Tape Guys Tour Palmer Johnson Yacht Company
  311. https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/entertainment/2019/04/25/public-offered-rare-opportunity-tour-sturgeon-bay-shipyards/3578775002/ Public offered rare opportunity to tour Sturgeon Bay shipyards
  312. https://doorcountypulse.com/industrial-park-opens-for-manufacturing-days/ Industrial Park Opens for Manufacturing Days
  313. http://www.octanecreative.com/732/crane/ Sturgeon Bay's Gantry Crane
  314. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ijs-w1rFv2o Renard's Cheese
  315. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/textile-artists-work-and-lives-intertwined/ Textile Artists' Work And Lives Intertwined
  316. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/venezuelan-artist-now-lives-paints-door-county-scenes/ Venezuelan Artist Now Lives in Door County, Paints Scenes
  317. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/door-county-woman-is-known-as-egg-lady-of-egg-harbor/ Door County Woman Is Known As "Egg Lady Of Egg Harbor"
  318. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8RHa-kjNJ8&feature=emb_title Small Towns: The art of blacksmithing in Door County
  319. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/holiday-music-motel/ Holiday Music Motel
  320. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/talented-cellist-turns-classics-into-bluegrass-music/Talented Cellist Turns Classics Into Bluegrass Music
  321. https://books.google.com/books?id=p71J2x3re1MC&pg=PA8 Ephraim
  322. https://door.extension.wisc.edu/files/2011/08/2014-Barn-Quilts-of-Door-County-Guide.pdf Barn Quilts of Door County Location Guide
  323. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034558/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sturgeon%20Bay_Final_web.pdf Town of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan 2030
  324. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/sturgeon-bay-team-plays-hockey-under-water/ Sturgeon Bay Team Plays Hockey Under Water
  325. https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/sports/2018/05/18/hill-raceway-sturgeon-bay-reinvents-short-track-racing-success/621051002/ The Hill Raceway scales back to reinvent its local short-track success
  326. Web site: About the Door County Destroyers. HomeTeamsONLINE.
  327. https://doorcountydailynews.com/sports/447413 Door County Baseball League as popular as ever
  328. https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014
  329. https://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/about-wisdot/newsroom/statistics/factsfig/2020ff.pdf Facts & Figures 20
  330. https://doorcountypulse.com/celebrating-the-cowand-music/ Celebrating the Cow...and Music
  331. https://wimotorcyclememorial.org/supporters/ Wisconsin Motorcycle Memorial supporters
  332. https://archive.today/20230621075116/https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/Search/StateCountyResult FAA Registry State Entered: WISCONSIN County Entered: DOOR
  333. https://web.archive.org/web/20200114070525/https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/StateCounty_Results.aspx?Statetxt=WI&Countytxt=DOOR&PageNo=1 FAA Registry State Entered: WISCONSIN County Entered: DOOR
  334. https://doorcountypulse.com/door-countys-aviation-history-coming-coming-a-flying-circus/ Door County's Aviation History: Coming! Coming! A Flying Circus!
  335. Web site: Clustering Wisconsin Counties for Analytical Comparisons . Martin . Shields . Steven C. . Deller . October 1996 . 11, 16 . University of Wisconsin-Madison . CCED Staff Paper 96.7.
  336. Web site: CAGDP2: GDP in Current Dollars by County and MSA . Regional Economic Accounts . 2020 . Bureau of Economic Analysis .
  337. January 2021 . ((Door Co.)) . 1:100,000 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/travel/road/hwy-maps/county-maps/door.pdf . October 9, 2022 . live . Madison . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . August 1, 2021.
  338. Book: 2007 Annual Reports . Door County Board of Supervisors . 28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090210222046/http://www.co.door.wi.gov/docview.asp?docid=41&locid=137 . February 10, 2009 .
  339. Book: 2013 Annual Reports . https://web.archive.org/web/20141029172632/http://map.co.door.wi.us/Agendas-Minutes/CountyBoard/Misc/2014/2014-04-15%20Department%20Annual%20Reports%202013%20-%20Consolidated.pdf . October 29, 2014 . Door County Board of Supervisors . 30.
  340. Web site: Road Mileage and Annual VMT in Wisconsin . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . 2021 .
  341. Book: Anatomy of Door County A Traffic Safety Summary . Division of State Patrol Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technical Services . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . 2021 .
  342. Book: Anatomy of Door County: A Traffic Safety Summary . Wisconsin Traffic Operations and Safety Laboratory . p. 3, fig. 1: Traffic Volume on the State Trunk Network Door County, WI; p. 15, fig. 13: Door County Fatalities and Serious Injuries (2014–2017) with Map of Hospitals .
  343. Door County Coastal Byway Map . https://web.archive.org/web/20160705212621/http://www.doorcounty.com/media/1299/door-county-coastal-byway.pdf . July 5, 2016 . Door County Visitor Bureau .
  344. News: Door County Dedicates National Scenic Byway Designation . Eric . Peterson . Green Bay . WLUK-TV . June 17, 2021 .
  345. Book: Rustic Roads Guide . 2018 . Wisconsin Department of Transportation .
  346. Web site: Heritage Road Information . Town of Liberty Grove . October 12, 2019 .
  347. Map of Snowmobile Trails in Door County.
  348. Snowmobile Trails Tour . YouTube . July 15, 2011 . Explore the Door . Door County Visitor Bureau .
  349. Web site: Door County Winter Snow Report . June 9, 2019 . September 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200919123800/https://www.doorcounty.com/discover/winter-snow-report/ . dead .
  350. Web site: Wisconsin Snow Report .
  351. Ice Age National Scenic Trail Hiker Resource Map . and Door County (South) Wisconsin Bicycle Map by the Wisconsin Bike Fed and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 2020
  352. Door County (North) Wisconsin Bicycle Map . Wisconsin Bike Fed . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . 2020.
  353. Door County (South) Wisconsin Bicycle Map . Wisconsin Bike Fed . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . 2020 .
  354. Web site: Lake Michigan Circle Tour . Great Lakes Circle Tour .
  355. Book: Green Tier Legacy Community 2018 Annual Report . https://web.archive.org/web/20210721040913/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/GreenTier/Participants/Reports/Legacy2018EggHarbor.pdf . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . 4 . July 21, 2021.
  356. Book: Feasibility Study for Remote Control of Movable Bridges in Sturgeon Bay . https://web.archive.org/web/20220304040126/https://trust.dot.state.wi.us/ftp/dtsd/ne-region/coastguard/appendices/volume%20i/Appendix%20C.%20Feasibility%20Study-Remote%20Study%20Sturgeon%20Bay/Appendix%20C.%20Feasibility%20Study-Remote%20Study%20Sturgeon%20Bay.pdf . . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . July 2007 . 2 . March 4, 2022 .
  357. Web site: Oregon Street Bridge . BridgeReports.com . June 12, 2019 . January 14, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200114064236/https://bridgereports.com/1599047 . dead .
  358. Web site: Bayview Bridge . BridgeReports.com . June 12, 2019 . January 14, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200114064127/https://bridgereports.com/1599033 . dead .
  359. Book: http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Final_20091106/Chapter%207%20-%20Transportation%20_adopted%2010-27-09_.pdf . April 10, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190410055130/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Final_20091106/Chapter%207%20-%20Transportation%20_adopted%2010-27-09_.pdf . p. 176, Table 7.6: Transportation Service Providers, Door County . Chapter 7: Transportation . October 27, 2009 . Door County Comprehensive Plan, 2030 . Vol. II, Resource Report.
  360. Web site: Bus to Wisconsin . Jefferson Lines . January 12, 2020.
  361. Book: Door County Transportation Resource Guide . Door-Tran . November 9, 2021 .
  362. Book: Door County Coordinated Public Transportation Plan 2021–2024 . Pam . Busch . Mariah . Goode . Rebecca . Kerwin . Door County Transportation and Land Use Services Departments . 2020 . Table in Appendix B: Door County Transportation Providers and Services, pp. 16–18 .
  363. Book: Table: List of Responding Airports . Wisconsin Airports Rates and Charges Survey: 2020 . Wisconsin Department of Transportation . Bureau of Aeronautics . June 2021 . 31–32 .
  364. Web site: Crispy Cedars Private Airfield . 2014.
  365. Web site: Crispy Cedars Airport . Airport-Data.com .
  366. News: Changes and Constants in Health Care Delivery . Karen . Grota Nordahl . Door County Living . May 1, 2010 .
  367. Web site: Chambers Island Airport . Airport-Data.com .
  368. Web site: The Island Clipper & The Viking Train . www.islandclipper.com . June 26, 2018 .
  369. Web site: Rock Island Ferry . www.wisferry.com . July 3, 2018 .
  370. Book: Fishing Guide of Door County: Door County Boat Access Sites Map . https://web.archive.org/web/20160804083130/https://www.doorcounty.com/media/1300/fishing-guide.pdf/ . August 4, 2016 .
  371. Wisconsin DNR interactive boating map .
  372. Book: Wisconsin's Lake Michigan Water Trail Project: Inventory and Analysis of Access Sites in Support of a Lake Michigan Water Trail . December 2011 . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . 13–23 . Also see Map 3, Map 4, Map 5, and the electronic Lake Michigan State Water Trail map
  373. Web site: 2020 Decennial Census: Door County, Wisconsin . data.census.gov . U.S. Census Bureau . July 1, 2022.
  374. Web site: U.S. Census website . . May 14, 2011 .
  375. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119221106/http://www.census.gov:80/prod/cen2000/phc-1-51.pdf Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics
  376. https://wisconsinlife.org/story/a-forgotten-language-sparks-a-love-to-remember/ A Forgotten Language Sparks A Love To Remember
  377. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WI/subcollections/BelgAmrColAbout.html "Belgian-American Research Collection"
  378. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119221106/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-1-51.pdf Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics
  379. https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-1-51.pdf Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics
  380. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-51.pdf Table 1. Summary of General Characteristics of Persons: 1990
  381. Web site: WISH: Fertility (Birth Rates) Module . September 28, 2021 . January 23, 2022 .
  382. https://doa.wi.gov/DIR/Final_Ests_Co_2021_Components.pdf Final Estimated Components of Population Change for Wisconsin Counties: April 2010 – January 2021
  383. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=GvBb Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Door County, WI
  384. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p01213b.xlsx p01213b
  385. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p01213.xlsx Profiles of Persons Ages 65 and Older
  386. https://www.forward-analytics.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2018_County_Fact_Book.pdf The Green Book: A book of county facts
  387. https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/door-county-families-structure-composition Door County Families: Structure and Composition
  388. https://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010a.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=Name County Membership Report: Door County (Wisconsin)
  389. https://www.lee.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/530b270e-b6eb-4ff4-8754-97108e81a064/social-capital-project-social-capital-index-data.xlsx Social Capital Project: Social Capital Index Data
  390. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p45359-1617.xlsx 2017 Wisconsin Marriages and Divorces
  391. https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/misc/lrb/blue_book/2017_2018/200_population_and_political_subdivisions.pdf Wisconsin Blue Book 2017–2018 Basic data on Wisconsin counties
  392. https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/wisconsin/2021/rankings/door/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot Wisconsin: Door (DR)
  393. https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/22c7182a162d45788dd52a2362f8ed65 PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, Division of Population Health
  394. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p01551.pdf Life Expectancy in Wisconsin
  395. https://web.archive.org/web/20200126062728/https://wmstest.ancillapartners.com/_WMS/publications/wmj/pdf/112/5/211.pdf Progress in Reducing Premature Deaths in Wisconsin Counties, 2000–2010
  396. https://jrap.scholasticahq.com/article/27447.pdf Maternity Ward Deserts in Wisconsin, 2011 and 2017
  397. SSI Recipients by State and County, 2018, Number of recipients in state (by eligibility category, age, and receipt of OASDI benefits) and amount of payments, by county, December 2018, Table 3.p. 101
  398. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/atlas-of-rural-and-small-town-america/go-to-the-atlas/ Atlas of Rural and Small Town America
  399. https://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/SpecialReports/Comp_n_Pen_by_Cnty_2019.xlsx FY 2019 VA Disability Compensation Recipients by County
  400. https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/news/2017/06/27/door-county-skin-cancer-rate-highest-wisconsin/423339001/ Door County skin cancer rate highest in state
  401. https://www.ocregister.com/2017/11/11/a-look-at-the-prevalence-of-mental-illness-in-california-and-the-u-s/ A look at the prevalence of mental illness in California and the U.S.
  402. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/mh/county-services-dashboard.htm Mental Health: County Services Dashboard
  403. https://nccd.cdc.gov/DHDSPAtlas/Reports.aspx Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke
  404. For 2016 statistics, see Wisconsin Public Health Profile for Door County, 2016, Office of health informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services For 2017 statistics, see Wisconsin Public Health Profile for Door County, 2017, Office of health informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services
  405. Data was from the County Health Rankings program, which was taken through a partnership between the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Population Health Institute of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Snapshot: Door, countyhealthrankings.org, 2021; America's Drunkest Counties, page 6, 247wallst.com, October 8, 2021; and The top 11 "drunkest counties" in U.S. are all in Wisconsin, survey finds by Nick Viviani, October 18, 2021
  406. https://data.cms.gov/summary-statistics-on-use-and-payments/medicare-medicaid-opioid-prescribing-rates/medicare-part-d-opioid-prescribing-rates-by-geography Medicare Part D Opioid Prescribing Rates - by Geography
  407. https://doorcountypulse.com/free-narcan-kits-available-to-reverse-opioid-overdoses/ Free Narcan Kits Available to Reverse Opioid Overdoses
  408. https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/Chronic-Conditions/CCDashboard Medicare Chronic Conditions Dashboard
  409. https://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/map/map.withimage.php?55&county&001&001&00&0&02&0&1&5&0#results Death Rates for Wisconsin by County, All Cancer Sites, 2015–2019
  410. Web site: Gov. Tony Evers issues 'Safer At Home' order closing non-essential businesses. wisn.com. en. March 23, 2020.
  411. https://www.co.door.wi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2283/Press-Release-Positive-COVID-19-Case-?bidId= COVID-19 Update Confirmed in Door County
  412. Web site: Order of the Door County Health Officer. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.wpr.org/sites/default/files/sah_ho_order_5-14-20.pdf . October 9, 2022 . live. Susan. Powers. May 15, 2020. Wisconsin Public Radio.
  413. https://www.wbay.com/2020/07/06/businesses-adapt-to-worker-shortage-without-j-1-visa-program/ Businesses adapt to worker shortage without J-1 Visa Program
  414. https://www.adrcdoorcounty.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/June-Newsletter-2021.pdf June Newsletter, 2021
  415. Table: Heath and Human Services Statistics on page 9 of Heath and Human Services Board Agenda for February 8, 2021
  416. https://www.co.door.wi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_06082020-636 Amended Agenda, Monday, June 8, 2020
  417. Annual Reports, Door County Board of Supervisors, 2007, page 71 (page 72 of the pdf); 2008, page 73 (page 74 of the pdf); 2009, page 175; 2010, page 71 (page 73 of the pdf), 2011, page 70 (page 72 of the pdf); 2012, page 81; 2013, page 36; 2014, page 37; 2015, page 40; 2016, page 43; 2017, page 45; 2018, page 43; and 2019, page 40
  418. Web site: Child Protective Services (CPS) Reports Dashboard . dcf.wisconsin.gov . Wisconsin Department of Children and Families, Division of Safety and Permanence Bureau of Compliance, Research, and Analytics . January 6, 2022.
  419. https://www.co.door.wi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_02142022-1143 Door County Health and Human Services Board Agenda Packet for February 14, 2022
  420. Web site: Situation Update . July 25, 2022 . Susan . Powers . Door County Public Health Office . June 17, 2021 . June 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624144146/https://www.co.door.wi.gov/909/Door-County-COVID-19-Situation-Update . dead .
  421. Web site: Covid-19 Vaccine Data . Wisconsin Department of Health Services . June 6, 2022 .
  422. Web site: CSV for Excel format: COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States, County . June 6, 2022 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .
  423. Book: County of Door 2020 Annual Reports . 17, 18, 32, 50 .
  424. Book: County of Door 2019 Annual Reports . 17, 40 .
  425. News: Door County Part of Targeted Sex Trafficking Stings . September 15, 2017 . Roger . Levendusky . WDOR .
  426. Web site: UCR Offense Data . Wisconsin Department of Justice .
  427. News: Due Process and the Involuntary Intoxication Defense . Storm . Larson . Wisconsin Lawyer . February 12, 2019.
  428. News: Plainfield Family Wins Fight Against Drunk-Defense Law . Shannon . Antinori . Patch.com . April 17, 2014 .
  429. News: Newport state park has vague but fascinating past . Keta . Steebs . Door County Advocate . December 30, 1970 . 4 . October 23, 2021 . October 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023192622/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20170120/00000060&pg_seq=4&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=newport%20state%20park%20has%20vaguebut%20fascinating%20post&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  430. News: Newport's future hinged on one man's 'maybe' dreams . Keta . Steebs . Door County Advocate . January 5, 1971 . 4 . October 23, 2021 . October 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023192623/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc%2Fwsbd0000%2F20170120%2F00000061&pg_seq=5&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=ne%27wport%27s%20future%20hinged%20on&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  431. News: Unforgettable sights met site's rescue team . Keta . Steebs . Door County Advocate . 110 . 57 . October 5, 1971 . 1 . October 23, 2021 . October 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023192621/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20170120/00000139&pg_seq=8&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=unforgettable%20sights&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  432. News: Human spirit perseveres after great fire of 1871 . Keta . Steebs . Door County Advocate . 110 . 58 . October 7, 1971 . 1 . October 23, 2021 . October 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023192623/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20170120/00000140&pg_seq=12&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=h%E2%80%98uman%20spirit%20pe%E2%80%98rseveres&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  433. News: Night Appeared Day as Local Residents Watched Great Fire Roar Toward Village . Door County Advocate . 99 . 59 . October 10, 1960 . 1 . October 23, 2021 . October 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023192624/http://pubinfo.co.door.wi.us:8080/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20151119/00000081&pg_seq=6&search_doc=&query1_modifier=AND&query1=night%20appeared%20day%20as%20local%20residents&query1_field=CONTENT . dead .
  434. Maps of borders along county waters are available on the Selection Map at data.census.gov
  435. Web site: Arlington National Cemetery . Robert C. Bassett . https://web.archive.org/web/20200201092441/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rcbassett.htm . February 1, 2020 . Bassett, who was born in Sturgeon Bay on March 2, 1911 .
  436. Web site: Gene Brabender . Rory . Costello . Society for American Baseball Research .
  437. News: Traveling Back: In 2003, Door County Was 'Football Capital of the World' . Robert . Johnson . Green Bay Press-Gazette . November 16, 2018 .
  438. Web site: Henry Killilea . Dennis . Pajot . Society for American Baseball Research .
  439. Web site: Five Worst Fires in Packers History . Cliff . Christl . Green Bay Packers . May 6, 2015 .
  440. https://www.thestatehousefile.com/special-projects/uncovering-thomas-minar-a-lifetime-of-achievement-destroyed-by-consequences-of-hidden-life/article_72fb326a-a638-11ec-929a-db5623cc0fb5.html Uncovering Thomas Minar: A lifetime of achievement destroyed by consequences of hidden life
  441. https://archive.org/details/commemorativebiobkd00jhbe/page/494/mode/2up Commemorative biographical record of the counties of Brown, Kewaunee and Door, Wisconsin, and containing biographical sketches of prominent and representative citizens, and of many of the early settled families
  442. Book: Winden, Matthew . Economic Value of Reengineering WI Great Lakes beaches . UW-Whitewater Fiscal & Economic Research Center Institute for Water Business . 11 .

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