| Image Badge: | Clan member crest badge - Clan Robertson.svg |
| Clan Name: | Clan Donnachaidh |
| Chiefs Crest: | Dexter hand holding up an imperial crown Proper |
| Chiefs Motto: | Virtutis gloria merces (Glory is the reward of valour)[1] |
| War Cry: | Garg 'nuair dhùisgear (Fierce when roused) |
| Region: | Highlands |
| District: | Struan, Perthshire |
| Gaelic Names: | Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Clann Donnchaidh[2] |
| Image Arms: | Robertson of Struan Arms.svg |
| Plant Badge: | bracken |
| Pipe Music: | Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Teachd Chlann Dhonnchaidh or Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Teachd Chlann Donnachaidh . |
| Chiefs Name: | Gilbert Robertson of Struan |
| Chiefs Title: | The 23rd Chief of Clan Donnachaidh |
| Chiefs Gaelic Title: | Mac Dhonnchaidh |
| Historic Seat: | Dunalastair Castle[3] |
| Septs: | Collier,[4] Colyear, Conlow Connachie, Dobbie Dobieson, Dobie Dobinson,Dobson Donachie, Donica, Donnachie,Duncan, Duncanson, Dunkeson,[5] Dunnachie, Inches, MacConachie, MacConlogue, MacConnichie, MacDonachie, MacInroy, MacIver, MacIvor, MacLagan, MacLaggan, MacRob, MacRobb, MacRobbie, MacRobert, MacRobie, MacWilliam, McConnachie, [McRobie,<ref [[McRobie]], McRob, Reid, Reed, Robb, Robbie, Roberts, Roberson, Robison, Robinson, Robson, Roy, Stark, Tannoch (Tanner, Tonner), Tannochy, Hart, Note that several of the above are merely anglicised variants of the Scottish Gaelic MacDhonnchaidh or literal translations into English of the same (Duncan, Duncanson, etc).| branches = Robertson of Struan (chiefs) Robertson of Lude (principal cadets). Robertson of Auchleeks. Robertson of Faskally. Robertson of Inches. Robertson of Kindeace. Robertson of Kinlochmouidart.| Allied clans = Clan MacGregor| Rival clans = Clan Ogilvy Clan MacDougall |
Clan Robertson, is correctly known as Clan Donnachaidh (Duncan) (Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Clann Donnchaidh) (in Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic pronounced as /ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠ ˈt̪ɔn̪ˠɔxɪ/) is a Scottish clan. The principal surnames of the clan are Robertson, Reid and Duncan but there are also many other septs.
There are two main theories as to the origins of the Clan:
The clan's first recognised chief, Donnchaidh Reamhar, "Stout Duncan", son of Andrew de Atholia (Latin "Andrew of Atholl"), was a minor land-owner and leader of a kin-group around Dunkeld,[9] Highland Perthshire, and as legend has it, an enthusiastic and faithful supporter of Robert I (king 1306–29 aka Robert the Bruce) during the Wars of Scottish Independence; he is believed to have looked after King Robert after the Battle of Methven in 1306. The clan asserts that Stout Duncan's relatives and followers (not yet known as Robertsons) supported Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.[10] His descendants became known (in English or Scots) as the Duncansons, or Gaelic Clann Dhònnchaidh, "Children of Duncan".[11] Duncan is believed to have been killed at the Battle of Neville's Cross and was succeeded by Robert, from whom the Clan Robertson takes its name. Robert's brother, Patrick, was the ancestor of the Robertsons of Lude who were the principal cadet branch.
In 1394 a clan battle took place between Clann Dhònnchaidh, Clan Lindsay and involving Clan Ogilvy, who were the hereditary sheriffs of Angus, during a cattle raid on Angus. Sir Walter Ogilvy was slain at this battle. Clandonoquhy had rather a reputation as raiders and feuders in late medieval Scotland, though the chiefs seem always to have been loyal to the Bruce and Stewart royal dynasties.
Robert Riabhach ("Grizzled") Duncanson, 4th Chief of Clann Dhònnchaidh, was a strong supporter of King James I (1406–1437) and was incensed by his murder at the Blackfriars Dominican Friary in Perth. He tracked down and captured two of the regicides, Sir Robert Graham and the King's uncle Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, as they hid above Invervack in Atholl, and turned them over to the Crown. They were tortured to death in the Grassmarket in Edinburgh on the orders of the Regent, James I's widow, Joan Beaufort (d. 1445). The Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia states that they were put to death with considerable savagery. The Robertson crest badge of a right hand upholding an imperial crown was awarded by James II (1437–60) to the 4th chief on 15 August 1451 as a reward for capturing his father's assassins. The highly unusual third supporter (below the shield) on the Robertson coat of arms, of a "savage man in chains" is in reference to the capture of Graham. It is in honour of Robert Riabhach that his descendants took the name Robertson. James II also erected the clan lands into the Barony of Struan, which formerly took in extensive lands in Highland Perthshire, notably in Glen Errochty, the north and south banks of Loch Tay and the area surrounding Loch Rannoch. None of these lands are any longer in the possession of the clan.
Robert Riabhach or Riach died in 1460 from wounds received in battle. The chiefship then passed to his eldest son, Alexander. The Clan Robertson then feuded with the Clan Stewart of Atholl. William Robertson, the sixth chief was killed trying to recover lands that had been seized by the Stewarts of Atholl. The eighth chief of Clan Robertson was murdered and his brother inherited the estate.
Struan (Gaelic Sruthan, "streams"), is a parish church, of early Christian origin and dedicated to St. Fillan, at the confluence of the Errochty Water and Garry rivers. Many of the medieval chiefs were buried in this church (although individual monuments have unfortunately not survived). The present building was built in the early 19th century, but the foundations of its predecessor can be traced in the churchyard. Donnchadh Reamhar is, however, said to have been buried in the parish church of Dull, near Aberfeldy. Recent excavations by members of the Clan Donnachaidh Society within the now redundant church of Dull (Gaelic Dul, "meadow", "haugh") failed to find evidence of this specific burial, although others were uncovered, along with early medieval carved stones. Recent generations of chiefs have been buried in a family vault in the grounds of the estate of Dunalastair, near Kinloch Rannoch.
Under Alexander Robertson, 12th chief, the clan is said to have supported Montrose in all of his battles during the Scottish Civil War. During this time, the main Robertson castle at Invervack, near the present Clan museum, was burned by Cromwell's forces, and many family records were lost. The Clan Robertson played a major part in the fighting at the Battle of Inverlochy (1645) in support of the royalist, James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose, where they put the king's enemies to flight. Alexander Robertson of Lude fought for Charles I of Scotland at the Battle of Tippermuir and as a result Lude was burned by Cromwell's forces in retaliation.
Alexander Robertson, 13th chief (b. 1668) joined the Jacobite rising of 1689 and was taken prisoner a few weeks after the Jacobite defeat at the Battle of Dunkeld. After being released he went to live in France for thirteen years where he served for some time in the French army. He returned to Scotland in 1703.
Alexander Robertson, 13th chief, led 500 men of Clan Robertson in support of the Earl of Mar at the Battle of Sheriffmuir in 1715. He was captured, but later rescued and he took refuge in France. General Wade's report on the Highlands in 1724, estimated the clan strength at 800 men.[12] The fighting force of Clan Donnachaidh was estimated at 700 men in 1745.[13]
After the defeat of the Jacobite rising of 1745 the Robertson lands became part of the Forfeited Estates, although most were returned to the then chief, another Alexander Robertson, in 1784, after it became clear that the Central Highlands were wholly pacified.
Two of the most notorious and well documented Highland Clearances occurred on the Robertson clan land of Strathcarron:[14]
The Clearances upon the Clan Robertson lands are also important to the history of Scottish Gaelic literature
In Sutherland, Eòghainn MacDhonnchaidh (Ewan Robertson, (1842–1895) of Tongue[15] was called "the Bard of the Clearances"; is most famous for his song Mo mhallachd aig na caoraich mhòr ("My curses upon the big [Blackface and/or Cheviot, introduced from England][16] sheep") mocking, among others, the Duchess of Sutherland and Patrick Sellar.[17] The song has been recorded by notable singers Julie Fowlis and Kathleen MacInnes. There is a monument to Robertson in Tongue.[18] [19] [17]
A similar poem in Canadian Gaelic attacks James Gillanders of Highfield Cottage near Dingwall, who was the Factor for the estate of Major Charles Robertson of Kincardine. As his employer was then serving with the British Army in Australia, Gillanders was the person most responsible for the mass evictions staged at Glencalvie, Ross-shire in 1845. The Gaelic-language poem denouncing Gillanders for the brutality of the evictions was later submitted anonymously to Pàdraig MacNeacail, the editor of the column in Gaelic in which the poem was published in the Antigonish, Nova Scotia newspaper The Casket. The poem, which is believed to draw upon eyewitness accounts, is believed to be the only Gaelic language source relating to the evictions in Glencalvie.[20]
Only the family vault at Dunalastair is still in the possession of the family of Struan; however, many modern properties have been added to the clan land. The title Baron of Struan is still transferred through Dunalastair.
Note: the common spelling often appears with an "a" after the double nn of Dhònnchaidh, but this is not correct (though it does reflect the Gaelic insertion of an epenthetic vowel in pronunciation). Cf. the anglicised surname MacConnochie (and variants). "MacDhònnchaidh" and derivatives are usually used on the mainland, "Robasdan" and derivatives on the islands.[28]
The main surname used by the Clan is Robertson, which is also used by the present chief's family, though other names are associated with the clan.[29] These may include:
Note that several of the above are merely anglicised variants of the Scots Gaelic MacDhònnchaidh or literal translations into English of the same (Duncan, Duncanson, etc.).
Latin: Virtutis gloria merces ('Glory is the reward of valour')[31]
Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Garg 'nuair dhùisgear ('Fierce when Roused')
A dexter hand holding up an imperial crown, all proper[32]
Bracken[33] (the clan had lands on the southern side of Loch Rannoch – Gaelic Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Raineach, 'Loch of Bracken')[34]
Alexander Gilbert Haldane Robertson of Struan, 24th Chief of Clan Robertson, 28th of Struan (styled Struan Robertson)[37]