Desmond Morris Explained

Desmond Morris
Honorific Suffix:FLS hon. caus.
Birth Name:Desmond John Morris
Birth Date:24 January 1928
Birth Place:Purton, Wiltshire, England
Thesis Title:The reproductive behaviour of the ten-spined stickleback
Thesis Url:http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/OXVU1:LSCOP_OX:oxfaleph020307817
Thesis Year:1954
Doctoral Advisor:Niko Tinbergen
Fields:Zoology
Known For:The Naked Ape (1967)
Children:1
Occupation:Zoologist and ethologist

Desmond John Morris FLS hon. caus. (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, ethologist and surrealist painter, as well as a popular author in human sociobiology. He is known for his 1967 book The Naked Ape, and for his television programmes such as Zoo Time.

Early life and education

Morris was born in Purton, Wiltshire, to Marjorie (née Hunt) and children's fiction author Harry Morris. In 1933, the Morrises moved to Swindon where Desmond developed an interest in natural history and writing. He was educated at Dauntsey's School, a boarding school in Wiltshire.[1]

In 1946, Morris joined the British Army for two years of national service, becoming a lecturer in fine arts at the Chiseldon Army College in Wiltshire. After being demobilised in 1948, he held his first one-man show of his own paintings at the Swindon Arts Centre, and studied zoology at the University of Birmingham. In 1950 he held a surrealist art exhibition with Joan Miró at the London Gallery. He held many other exhibitions in later years.[1] Also in 1950, Desmond Morris wrote and directed two surrealist films, Time Flower and The Butterfly and the Pin. In 1951 he began a doctorate at the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, in animal behaviour.[1] In 1954, he earned a Doctor of Philosophy for his work on the reproductive behaviour of the ten-spined stickleback.[2]

Career

Morris stayed at Oxford, researching the reproductive behaviour of birds. In 1956 he moved to London as Head of the Granada TV and Film Unit for the Zoological Society of London, and studied the picture-making abilities of apes.[1] The work included creating programmes for film and television on animal behaviour and other zoology topics. He hosted Granada TV's weekly Zoo Time programme until 1959, scripting and hosting 500 programmes, and 100 episodes of the show Life in the Animal World for BBC2.[1] In 1957 he organised an exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, showing paintings and drawings composed by common chimpanzees. In 1958 he co-organised an exhibition, The Lost Image, which compared pictures by infants, human adults, and apes, at the Royal Festival Hall in London. In 1959 he left Zoo Time to become the Zoological Society's Curator of Mammals.[1] In 1964, he delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on Animal Behaviour. In 1967 he spent a year as executive director of the London Institute of Contemporary Arts.[1]

Morris's books include The Naked Ape: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal, published in 1967. The book sold well enough for Morris to move to Malta in 1968 to write a sequel and other books. In 1973 he returned to Oxford to work for the ethologist Niko Tinbergen.[3] From 1973 to 1981, Morris was a Research Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford.[4] In 1979 he undertook a television series for Thames TV, The Human Race, followed in 1982 by Man Watching in Japan, The Animals Road Show in 1986 and then several other series.[1] Morris wrote and presented the BBC documentary The Human Animal and its accompanying book in 1994. National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C1672/16) with Morris, in 2015, for its Science and Religion collection held by the British Library.[5]

Morris is a Fellow honoris causa of the Linnean Society of London.[6]

Personal life

Morris's father suffered lung damage in World War I, and died when Morris was 14. He was not allowed to go to the funeral and said later; "It was the beginning of a lifelong hatred of the establishment. The church, the government and the military were all on my hate list and have remained there ever since."[7] His grandfather William Morris, an enthusiastic Victorian naturalist and founder of the Swindon local newspaper,[1] greatly influenced him during his time living in Swindon.

In July 1952, Morris married Ramona Baulch; they had one son, Jason.[1] In 1978 Morris was elected vice-chairman of Oxford United. While a director of the club, he designed its ox-head badge based on a Minoan-style bull’s head, which remains in use to this day.[8]

Morris lived in the same house in North Oxford as the 19th-century lexicographer James Murray who worked on the Oxford English Dictionary.[9] He has exhibited at the Taurus Gallery in North Parade, Oxford, close to where he lived.[10] He is the patron of the Friends of Swindon Museum and Art Gallery and gave a talk to launch the charity in 1993.[11] Since the death of his wife in 2018 he has lived with his son and family in Ireland.[12]

Bibliography

Books

Book reviews

Yearclass='unsortable'Review articleclass='unsortable'Work(s) reviewed
19943 November 1994 . CATS . The New York Review of Books . 41 . 18 . 16–17. Book: Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall . Elizabeth Marshall Thomas . The Tribe of Tiger: Cats and Their Culture . registration . Simon and Schuster . 1994. 978-0671799656 .

Filmography

Criticism

Some of Morris's theories have been criticised as untestable. For instance, geneticist Adam Rutherford writes that Morris commits "the scientific sin of the 'just-so' story – speculation that sounds appealing but cannot be tested or is devoid of evidence". However, this is also a criticism of adaptationism in evolutionary biology, not just of Morris.

Morris is also criticised for suggesting that gender roles have an evolutionary rather than a purely cultural background.[15]

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Williams, D.. Desmond Morris Biography. Desmond-morris.com. 28 November 2012. 22 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120222221221/http://www.desmond-morris.com/biography.php. live.
  2. Web site: The Naked Ape at 50. Dunbar. Robin. 24 September 2017. The Guardian. 19 July 2019. 2 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171102084748/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/24/the-naked-ape-at-50-desmond-morris-four-experts-assess-impact. live.
  3. [Horace Romano Harré|Harré, R.]
  4. Web site: Desmond Morris . . 1 December 2016 . 8 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161208162512/http://www.sirc.org/about/desmond_morris.html . live .
  5. http://sounds.bl.uk/Oral-history/Science/021M-C1672X0016XX-0001V0 National Life Stories, 'Morris, Desmond (1 of 2) National Life Stories Collection: Science and Religion', The British Library Board, 2015
  6. Web site: Royal Patrons and Honorary Fellows. The Linnean Society.
  7. News: My family values: Desmond Morris interview . . 28 November 2012 . Alice . Douglas . 1 November 2008 . 12 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131212094442/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/nov/01/desmond-morris-family-values . live .
  8. News: The history of the United Badge . 5 July 2023 .
  9. News: We'd be better off if women ran everything . . 1 December 2016 . Stephen . Moss . 18 December 2007 . 2 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161202102907/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/dec/18/scienceandnature.science . live .
  10. Web site: Taurus Gallery . 1 December 2016 . 2 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161202165729/http://www.taurusgallery.com/ . live .
  11. Web site: Administrator. Get Involved. 2022-01-03. www.swindonmuseumandartgallery.org.uk. en.
  12. News: Desmond Morris on the Irish . The Irish Times . 5 April 2020 . 4 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200404083318/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/desmond-morris-on-the-irish-there-s-a-humour-there-and-a-love-of-the-eccentric-1.4213915?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fdesmond-morris-on-the-irish-there-s-a-humour-there-and-a-love-of-the-eccentric-1.4213915 . live. Mulcahy . Miriam . 4 April 2020.
  13. Book: The Big Cats ... Illustrated by Barry Driscoll. . explore.bl.uk . The British Library Board . 23 May 2015 . 1965 . Bodley Head Natural Science Picture Books. . 18 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210818061927/https://l.sharethis.com/sc?event=pview&version=buttons.js&lang=en&sessionID=1629267564926.99624&hostname=explore.bl.uk&location=%2Fprimo_library%2Flibweb%2Faction%2Fdisplay.do&product=widget&fcmp=false&fcmpv2=false&publisher=ad1af46f-5d2b-4f49-aa8c-10f1ffaecf51&bsamesite=true&consent_cookie_duration=948&consent_duration=948&gdpr_domain=.consensu.org&gdpr_method=cookie&url=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.bl.uk%2Fprimo_library%2Flibweb%2Faction%2Fdisplay.do%3Ftabs%3DmoreTab%26ct%3Ddisplay%26fn%3Dsearch%26doc%3DBLL01002554695%26indx%3D1%26recIds%3DBLL01002554695%26recIdxs%3D0%26elementId%3D0%26renderMode%3DpoppedOut%26displayMode%3Dfull%26frbrVersion%3D%26dscnt%3D1%26scp.scps%3Dscope%253A(BLCONTENT)%26frbg%3D%26tab%3Dlocal_tab%26dstmp%3D1432370059550%26srt%3Drank%26mode%3DBasic%26vl(488279563UI0)%3Dany%26dum%3Dtrue%26tb%3Dt%26vl(freeText0)%3Ddesmond%2Bmorris%2Bthe%2Bbig%2Bcats%26vid%3DBLVU1&title=The%20Big%20Cats%20...%20Illustrated%20by%20Barry%20Driscoll.%20-%20British%20Library&sop=false&samesite=None . live .
  14. All-Time 100 Nonfiction Books. Schrobsdorff. Susanna. Time. 3 March 2017. 0040-781X. 2 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170402200937/http://entertainment.time.com/2011/08/30/all-time-100-best-nonfiction-books/slide/the-naked-ape-by-desmond-morris/. live.
  15. Web site: Moss . Stephen . 'We'd be better off if women ran everything' . The Guardian . 18 December 2007 . 1 December 2016 . 2 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161202102907/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/dec/18/scienceandnature.science . live .

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