Dmitry Lvovych Klebanov (Дмитро Львович Клебанов; Russian: Дми́трий Льво́вич Клеба́нов; – 6 June 1987) was a Soviet-era Ukrainian composer. He studied at the Kharkov Music and Drama Institute (graduated 1926) with Semyon Bogatyrev. He taught at the Kharkov Conservatory (professor, 1960). Among his students were Valentin Bibik, Vitaliy Hubarenko, and Viktor Suslin.
Born in 1907 in Kharkov, in a petty-bourgeois Minsk province family. He began studying the violin at the age of six, and at seven years old began studies at the Kharkov Musical College. In 1926, he graduated from the Kharkov Institute of Music and Drama (Department of Theory and Composition) in the composition class of S. S. Bogatyrev. He also attended higher conducting courses in Kharkov, where he studied with G. B. Adler.
In 1927–1928 he was an artist of the orchestra (violist) of the Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov in Leningrad. From 1928 to 1931, he was a conductor of the Merry Proletarian Theater, the Musical Comedy Theater, and the Revolution Theater in Kharkov. From 1931 to 1934, he was the conductor of the Symphony Orchestra of the Ukrainian Radio Committee.
Beginning in 1934, he taught composition at the Kharkov Conservatory (1940–1960 as associate professor, 1960–1970 as professor, 1970–1973 as head of the department of composition and instrumentation). Among his students were M. Karminsky, V. Hubarenko, I. Polsky, V. Ptushkin, B. Yarovinsky, Vladimir Zolotukhin, Valentin Bibik, Viktor Suslin, and others.
In 1941–1943 he was evacuated with his family and parents (Lev Borisovich Klebanov (born 1876) and Sarah Meerovna Klebanova) to Tashkent. He was Associate Professor of the Institute for Advanced Studies of Art Workers of Uzbekistan.
After 1933 he was a member of the Board and from 1948–1949 Chairman of the Board of the Kharkov branch of the Union of Composers of the Ukrainian SSR, and was elected a member of the Board of the SK of the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1945, having returned to the liberated Kharkov, he composed his first symphony in memory of the martyrs of Babi Yar. The symphony was criticized and banned, and this damaged his professional activity. The premiere of the piece took place 45 years after the symphony's completion, in Kyiv in 1990.
In 1965, he was chairman of the jury of the Ukrainian Republican Violin and Cello Competition. In 1966 he was a member of the jury of the III International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.