Algoma District Explained

Official Name:Algoma District
Other Name:District d'Algoma
Settlement Type:District
Coordinates:48°N -114°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: Canada
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Type2:Region
Subdivision Name2:Northeastern Ontario
Established Title:Created
Established Date:1858
Area Footnotes:[1]
Area Land Km2:48814.88
Population As Of:2021
Population Total:113777
Population Density Km2:2.4
Timezone:EST
Utc Offset:-5
Timezone Dst:EDT
Utc Offset Dst:-4
Postal Code Type:Postal code span
Area Code:705
Blank Name:Seat
Blank Info:Sault Ste. Marie

Algoma District is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario.

The name was created by an American ethnologist, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1793–1864), who was appointed Indian agent to the Ojibwe in Sault Ste. Marie region in 1822. "Al" is derived from Algonquin, while "goma" is a variant of gomee, meaning lake or water.[2]

Algoma District has shoreline along Lake Superior and Lake Huron. It has an international border crossing to the American state of Michigan, at Sault Ste. Marie. Historically, it was known for its lumber and mining industries.

The rugged scenery of the region has inspired works by Canadian artists, particularly the Group of Seven. They rented a boxcar from the Algoma Central Railway to travel on excursions through this region.

History

Surviving prehistoric remains in Algoma District are concentrated around waterways. These remains date as far back as the Archaic period. There are also sites from the later Woodland period, with evidence of extensive Late Woodland habitation. Ceramics at Late Woodland sites show predominantly southeastern links, having originated from the HuronPetun complex (broadly Ontario Iroquoian) as well as from modern-day Michigan.[3]

French explorers arrived in the area by the mid-17th century. As the French penetrated into North America, they established lines of forts and trading posts, often at river mouths to control trade, especially the lucrative fur trade. In Algoma, they established Fort Michipicoten, located at the mouth of the Michipicoten River where it empties into Lake Superior. The Michipicoten was one of the geographic features depicted by Samuel de Champlain on a 1632 map.[4] This helped the French bridge the distance to Fort Kaministiquia at the head of Lake Superior, and protected the route up the Michipicoten to James Bay, providing a significant crossroads of water routes.

Administrative history

Algoma was created by proclamation in 1858[5] as a provisional judicial district of the Province of Canada comprising territory north of the French River as far west as Pigeon River, including all Canadian islands in Lakes Huron and Superior. The authorizing act of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was An Act to provide for the Administration of Justice in the unorganized Tracts of Country within the limits of this Province (known by its short title as The Temporary Judicial Districts Act, 1857).

The district seat is Sault Ste Marie, Ontario. However, it is noted that Thessalon is where the Algoma District Services Administration Board is located.

As the population grew and the northern and northwestern boundaries of Ontario were determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Algoma shrank. Other districts were created from it by the provincial government of Ontario:

Geography

Rivers

Algoma District is crossed by a number of rivers, which historically were used as transportation and trade corridors. The Hudson's Bay Company chose key riverside or river mouth locations for a number of its trading posts in the district. One example was Fort Michipicoten, located at the Michipicoten River's mouth. The rivers flow in a number of directions, some crossing through other districts to ultimately empty into faraway water bodies such as James Bay. Others drain into the Great Lakes Basin via Lake Huron or Lake Superior.

Major rivers in Algoma District include:

Forests

In the Algoma section, the characteristic forest mixture consists of yellow birch, white spruce, balsam fir, sugar maple, hop-hornbeam, and eastern white cedar. Eastern white pine and occasional red pine (Pinus resinosa) dominate on the upper, steep south-facing slopes; white spruce, eastern white cedar, and balsam fir occupy the middle and lower slopes. A white spruce–balsam fir association, which usually includes white birch and black spruce, is prominent on the river terraces and adjoining flats in the northern part of the Section (Rowe 1972).[6]

Subdivisions

Communities within these subdivisions are added in parentheses.

Cities

Name of CityPopulationRef.
Elliot Lake10,743
Sault Ste. Marie73,368

Towns

Name of TownPopulationRef.
Blind River3,472
Bruce Mines566
Spanish696
Thessalon1,279

Townships

Name of TownshipPopulationRef.
Dubreuilville635
Hilton261
Hornepayne1,050
Huron Shores (Iron Bridge, Sowerby, Little Rapids, Dean Lake)1,723
Jocelyn (Kentvale)237
Johnson (Desbarats)750
Laird1,057
Macdonald, Meredith and Aberdeen Additional (Echo Bay, Bar River, Sylvan Valley)1,609
The North Shore (Spragge, Serpent River, Algoma Mills)509
Plummer Additional650
Prince1,031
St. Joseph (Richard's Landing)1,240
Tarbutt396
Wawa (Michipicoten, Michipicoten River)2,975
White River607

Reserves

Name of ReservePopulationRef.
Garden River 141,170
Goulais Bay 15A82
Gros Cap 4968
Gros Cap Indian Village 49AN/A
Missanabie 62N/A
Mississauga First Nation#8390
Obadjiwan 15EN/A
Rankin Location 15D566
Sagamok1,036
Serpent River 7373
Thessalon 12108
Whitefish IslandN/A

Unorganized areas

Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Algoma District had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of −0.3% from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 48281.36km2, it had a population density of in 2021.[7]

Highways

King's Highways

Secondary highways

Tertiary highways

Protected areas

Attractions

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Algoma District census profile. 2016 Census of Population. 8 February 2017 . Statistics Canada. 2017-02-08.
  2. Book: Hamilton, William. Canadian Place Names. Macmillan. 1978. 0-7715-9754-1. 132.
  3. Dawson . K. C. A. . 1971 . Michipicoten Survey 1971, Algoma District, Ontario . Bulletin (Canadian Archaeological Association) . Canadian Archaeological Association . 3 . 27–38 . 41242334.
  4. Book: Douglas, Dan . Northern Algoma: A People's History . . . 1-55002-235-0 . 1995.
  5. Proclamation to take effect 1 May 1858, Canada Gazette (April 17, 1858), p. 676-677. New Proclamation to take effect 1 Oct 1859, Canada Gazette (Sept 10, 1859), p. 2226.
  6. Rowe, J.S 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa ON, Publ. 1300. 172 p.
  7. Web site: Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions . . February 9, 2022 . April 2, 2022.