Discosia Explained

Discosia is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.[1]

It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.

The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974),[2] who designated Discosia strobilina as lectotype for the genus (Nag Raj 1993; Tanaka et al. 2011). Later, when Sphaeria artocreas was transferred to the genus and combined under Discosia artocreas, the latter was chosen as lectotype of the genus (Fries 1849; Vanev 1991).[3]

Vanev (1991, 1992a, b, c, d) made a detailed taxonomic revision of the genus. On the basis of the location of the conidial septa and appendages, he delimited six sections (Vanev 1991), and to clarify the status of the genus he designated its lectotype as Discosia artocreas (Vanev 1992a).[4]

In 2015, Senanayake, Indunil C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. et al. (2015) moved the genus to its own family Discosiaceae .[5] But in 2016, it was moved back into the family Sporocadaceae.[6] [7]

Species of Discosia are mostly saprobes (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter) or parasites of vascular plants,[8] and have been recorded worldwide from terrestrial habitats on a various range of host plants (Farr & Rossman 2019).[9] Based on phylogenetic evidence, Liu et al. (2019a) synonymised Adiscio under Discosia,[10] Adiscio which was originally introduced by Tanaka et al. (2011),[11] to accommodate the sexual morph species of this genus. An epitype for the type species of Discosia was designated by Liu et al. (2019a) as the type specimen was destroyed.[10] [12]

Hosts

Discosia rhododendricola sp.nov, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola sp.nov and Diaporthe nobilis were new asexual fungal species found in 2022 on Rhododendron spp. in Kunming, Yunnan Province in China.[13] Discosia strobilina has been found on various rhododendron species (including Rhododendron arboreum and Rhododendron campulatum) as leaf spots on dead and living leaves in Mexico, Europe, India and Japan. Discosia vagans was found on fallen leaves and dead stems on various rhododendron species in Italy and India.In Poland species of Discosia were found on 12 host plants including Anemone nemorosa, Galium odoratum, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Moehringia trinervia, Mycelis muralis, Oxalis acetosella, Tilia cordata and Viola reichenbachiana [8] Discosia artocreas has been found in America on Cercis canadensis, Magnolia glauca and Aralia spinosa.[14] In Alabama, USA species Discosia artocreas was found on Prunus serotina and Acer rubrum.Discosia italica and Discosia fagi were found on the dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Italy.[15]

Discosia rubi has been trialled as treatment for human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.[16]

Distribution

It has a wide scattered cosmopolitan distribution,[17] it is found in USA,[14] [18] Mexico,[19] Europe, (including Italy,[6] [15] [20] and Poland,[8]) India,[19] Japan,[11] [19] Thailand,[6] China,[13] and New Zealand.[6]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;[21]

Former species;

Notes and References

  1. 6 . Wijayawardene . Nalin . Hyde . Kevin . Laith Khalil Tawfeeq . Al-Ani . Somayeh . Dolatabadi . Stadler . Marc . Haelewaters . Danny . Tsurykau . Andrei . Mesic . Armin . Navathe . Sudhir . Papp . Viktor . Oliveira Fiuza . Patrícia . Vázquez . Víctor . Gautam . Ajay . Becerra . Alejandra G. . Ekanayaka . Anusha . K. C. . Rajeshkumar . Bezerra . Jadson . Matočec . Neven . Maharachchikumbura . Sajeewa . Suetrong . Satinee . 2020 . Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa . Mycosphere . 11 . 1060–1456 . 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . free. 10481/61998 . free .
  2. Subramanian . C. V. . Chandra-Reddy . K. R. . The genus Discosia. I. Taxonomy. . Kavaka . 1974 . 2 . 57–89.
  3. Vanev S.G. (1991) Species conception and sections delimitation of genus Discosia. Mycotaxon 41: 387–396.
  4. Vanev . S. G. . On the typification and nomenclature of some Discosia species. . Int. J. Mycol. Lichenol. . 1992 . 5 . 3 . 293–300.
  5. Senanayake . Indunil C. . Maharachchikumbura . Sajeewa S. N. . Hyde . Kevin D. . Bhat . Jayarama D. . Jones . E. B. Gareth . McKenzie . Eric H. C. . Dai . Dong Qin . Daranagama . Dinushani A. . Dayarathne . Monika C. . Goonasekara . Ishani D. . Konta . Sirinapa . Li . Wen Jing . Shang . Qiu Ju . Stadler . Marc . Wijayawardene . Nalin N. . Xiao . Yuan Pin . Norphanphoun . Chada . Li . Qirui . Liu . Xing Zhong . Bahkali . Ali H. . Kang . Ji Chuan . Wang . Yong . Wen . Ting Chi . Wendt . Lucile . Xu . Jian Chu . Camporesi . Erio . Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). . Fungal Diversity . 2015 . 73 . 1 . 73–144 . 10.1007/s13225-015-0340-y. 256070746 .
  6. Web site: Discosia Lib. 1837 - Biota of NZ . biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz . 21 February 2023.
  7. Jaklitsch . W.M. . Gardiennet . A. . Voglmayr . H. . Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria. . Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi . 2016 . 37 . 82–105 . 10.3767/003158516X690475 . Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 28100927 . 22028314 .
  8. Wołczańska . Agata . Kozłowska . Monika . Piątek . Marcin . Mulenko . Wieslaw . Survey of the genus Discosia (anamorphic fungi) in Poland . Polish Botanical Journal Authors . January 2004 . 49 . 1 . 55–62.
  9. Web site: Farr . D. F. . Rossman . A. Y. . Fungal Databases . Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. . 21 February 2023 . 2019.
  10. Liu . F. . Bonthond . G. . Groenewald . J.Z. . Cai . L. . Crous . P.W. . Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia . Studies in Mycology . March 2019 . 92 . 287–415 . 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001. 30584265 . 6298422 .
  11. Tanaka . K. . Endo . M. . Hirayama . K. . Okane . I. . Hosoya . T. . Sato . T. . Phylogeny of Discosia and Seimatosporium, and introduction of Adisciso and Immersidiscosia genera nova . Persoonia . June 2011 . 26 . 85–98 . 85–98 . 10.3767/003158511X576666 . 22025806. 3160804 .
  12. Web site: Chethana . Thilini . Discosia - Facesoffungi number: FoF 01777 . Faces Of Fungi . 21 February 2023 . 14 November 2022.
  13. Chaiwan . Napalai . Jeewon . Rajesh . Pem . Dhandevi . Jayawardena . Ruvishika Shehali . Nazurally . Nadeem . Mapook . Ausana . Promputtha . Itthayakorn . Hyde . Kevin D. . Fungal Species from Rhododendron sp.: Discosia rhododendricola sp.nov, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola sp.nov and Diaporthe nobilis as a New Host Record . J Fungi (Basel) . August 2022 . 26 . 8 . 907 . 10.3390/jof8090907. 36135632 . 9504118 . free .
  14. M.C. Cooke (Editor)
  15. Li . Wenjing . Liu . Jian-kui . Bhat . D. Jayarama . Camporesi . Erio . Dai . Dong-Qing . Mortimer . Peter E. . Xu . Jian-chu . Hyde . Kevin D. . Chomnunti . Putarak . Molecular phylogenetic analysis reveals two new species of Discosia from Italy . Phytotaxa . 19 March 2015 . 203 . 1 . 37 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.3.
  16. Perlatti . Bruno . Nichols . Connie B. . Lan . Nan . Wiemann . Philipp . Harvey . Colin J. B. . Alspaugh . J. Andrew . Bills . Gerald F. . Identification of the Antifungal Metabolite Chaetoglobosin P From Discosia rubi Using a Cryptococcus neoformans Inhibition Assay: Insights Into Mode of Action and Biosynthesis . Front. Microbiol. . 28 July 2020 . 11 (Sec. Fungi and Their Interactions) . 1766 . 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01766. 32849391 . 7399079 . free .
  17. Web site: Discosia Lib., 1837 . www.gbif.org . 21 February 2023 . en.
  18. Charles Theodore Mohr
  19. David F. Farr, H. Bartolome Esteban and Mary E. Palm
  20. Bundhun . Digvijayini . Jeewon . Rajesh . Senanayake . Indunil C. . Camporesi . Erio . Aluthmuhandiram . Janith V. S. . Tang . Alvin M. C. . Kang . Ji-Chuan . Bhoyroo . Vishwakalyan . Hyde . Kevin D. . Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena . MycoKeys . April 2021 . 79 . 173–192 . 10.3897/mycokeys.79.60662. 33958954 . 8096799 . free .
  21. Web site: Allelochaeta - Search Page . www.speciesfungorum.org . Species Fungorum . 18 February 2023.

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