Joof family explained

See also: Serer people and Timeline of Serer history.

Joof (English spelling in the Gambia) or Diouf (French spelling in Senegal and Mauritania) is a surname that is typically Serer. This surname is also spelt Juuf or Juf (in the Serer language).

Though there are multiple spellings for this surname, they all refer to the same people. The differences in spelling came about because Senegal was colonized by France, while the Gambia was colonized by the United Kingdom. Although spelt differently, they are pronounced the same way.

The totem and symbol of the Joof family is the antelope, the symbol of grace, royalty, wisdom, hard work and protection in Serer mythology. The name of their clan is "Njoofene" variations: "Njuufeen" or "Njufeen" (in Serer).[1] [2] Members of this family had ruled over many of the pre-colonial kingdoms of Senegambia, including the Kingdom of Sine, the Kingdom of Saloum and the Kingdom of Baol. The royal princesses (Lingeers) from the Joof family were also given in marriage to the pre-colonial kings and princes of Senegambia. Some of these included the kings of Jolof, kings of Waalo, kings of Cayor and Baol (after 1549 following the Battle of Danki). From these marriages, they provided many heirs to the thrones of these kingdoms.[3] [4] Although usually associated with Serer royalty, the Joof family also figure prominently in Serer religious affairs.

History of the Joof family

The Wagadou period

The Joof family is one of the old families of Senegambia. Serer oral tradition speaks of a noble called Lamane Jegan Joof, owner of a large herd of livestock and estate who was also a farmer. He migrated from Lambaye following an argument with his relative, the king of Lambaye. The dispute concerned the governance of Lambaye and over-taxation of his herd which he considered unjust. As such, he decided to head south and founded Tukar with his younger brother Ndik Joof. The tradition then went on to say that, he had a son called Sosseh Joof (Socé Diouf) who was the heir of Tukar.[5] Some scholars have proposed that, Tukar (and many of its surrounding villages such as Njujuf, Sob, etc., which were founded by Lamane Jegan Joof making them part of his estate and colony) now a rather large village in present-day Senegal, is an ancient village and well before the Guelowar period (1335[6]) and placed the foundation of these villages in the 11th century, if not earlier.[7] [8] The Joof family had ruled Tukar for many centuries, inherited from their ancestor Lamane Jegan Joof through the Serer Lamanic custom, a rather strict custom of Serer land law and inheritance. In 2004, Lamane Njaga Dibor Ndoffene Joof (Lamane Diaga Dibor Ndofene Diouf) was the last lamane of Tukar.[9]

In the early history of the Ghana Empire to its end, the royal princesses of the Empire married into the Serer aristocratic families, some of these included Joof family. These royal princesses belonged to the maternal clan Wagadou (Bagadou in Serer language). With the Joof paternal clan, they ruled the Kingdom of Baol and provided many kings from the patrilineage Joof (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol). Some of these kings include Boureh Joof (Bouré Diouf), Guidiane Joof (Guidiane Diouf), Ma Joof, Jinak Dialane [probably Gnilane] Joof, Maguinak Joof, etc. These kings preceded the Guelowar period by at least two or three centuries and long before the Fall paternal dynasty of Baol and Cayor who inherited the throne around 1549 after the Battle of Danki. The general consensus is that, after the demise of the Joof paternal and Wagadou maternal dynasties of Baol with other Serer paternal dynasties who jointly ruled Baol, the Fall paternal dynasty succeeded them, hence the first Damels and Teignes (titles of the kings of Cayor and Baol, respectively) from the Fall patrilineage were of Wagadou maternal descent. They simply married into the old royal family and succeeded to the throne.[10] [11]

The 11th-century legendary figure Amar Godomat or Ama Gôdô Maat, né. Ama Kodu Joof, is a member of this family.

The Guelowar period

See main article: Guelowar. The Guelowar period starts from 1350 during the reign of the first Guelowar king of Sine - Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali[12] [13] and ends in 1969 after the death of the last king of Sine and Saloum (Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof and Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof respectively).[14] [15]

Maysa Wali and his family (the maternal clan Guelowar) fled Kaabu in 1335 following a dynastic struggle. They were defeated by the Ñaanco maternal dynasty of Kaabu (their extended relatives) and were granted asylum in the Kingdom of Sine by a Serer noble Council called The Great Council of Lamanes. Having served as legal advisor to this noble Council for 15 years, Maysa Wali managed to win the confidence and trust of the council and the common people. He was nominated and elected by the council and the people as king of Sine. He was the first Guelowar king of Sine. He gave his sisters in marriage to the Serer nobility which sealed the union between Serer and Guelowar.[16] It was the offspring of these marriages between the old Serer paternal noble clans and the Guelowar maternal clan of Kaabu that ruled the kingdom of Sine and later Saloum. In this Guelowar period, the Joof family (one of the oldest Serer paternal noble clans) provided many kings in the Kingdoms of Sine and Saloum (the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum). The Joof family also founded three royal houses as follows (in the order of foundation):[17] [18]

They all trace their descent to Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof (also known as Bour Ndaah Ndiémé Diouf or Ndaah Njeeme Juuf) - the king of Laah (or Laa) in Baol, around the 13th century. Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof was the father of Maad Niokhobai Joof (also king of Laa) who was the father of the Great Maad Patar Kolleh Joof (also: Bour or Buur Patar Kholé Diouf or Bour Patar Kholleh Diouf) - the conqueror of Baol.[17] Maad Patar Kolleh Joof was the first of the Joof family to marry a Guelowar (Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali's niece). From that marriage he had Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof (Niokhobaye Mane Niane Diouf) and Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof (Guédiopal Niane Mane Diouf), who were the first kings of Sine during the Guelowar period from the patrilineage Joof. Their brother Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (Diaraf Bouré Gnilane Diouf) was not a king of Sine, but a Jaraff (equivalent of Prime Minister), who gave his name to the first Royal House of the Joof Dynasty (in the Guelowar period) and it is from that "The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof" derived from, which provided several kings in Sine and Saloum. The Joof Dynasty that succeeded to the throne of Saloum came from Sine.[17] [20]

Historic battles involving this family

This table lists some of the historic battles of Senegambia involving the kings or princes belonging to this family:thumb|left|upright|The Junjung: the Serer war drum of Sine (19th century)[21]

Name of the battle Member of the clanOpponentReason for the battle Victor
The Battle of NganianeMaad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror)Teigne of Baol (King of Baol)Empire buildingMaad Patar Kholleh Joof[22]
The Battle of DiakhaoMaad a Sinig Jogo Gnilane JoofMamadou Koungo (of Koungheul)ReligionMaad a Sinig Jogo Gnilane Joof[23]
The Battle of MbellondiaréMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba Joof (assisting the Damel of Cayor) Teigne of BaolDynastic war between the Damel of Cayor (king of Cayor) and Teigne of BaolMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba Joof and the Damel of Cayor[24]
The Battle of SanghaieMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba JoofTeigne of BaolEmpire buildingMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba Joof
The Battle of GagnaneMaad a Sinig Jogoy Gnilane Joof Damel-Teigne Lat Soukabe Ngoneh Jaay FallEmpire building Damel-Teigne Lat Soukabe Ngoneh Jaay Fall[25]
The Battle of NdoffèneThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof (The warlord)Maad a Sinig Njaak Faye The Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof[26]
The Battle of Tioupane The Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof Maad a Sinig Ama Kumba Mbodj and his younger brother Barka MbodjThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof was fighting for the succession of his young son Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof The Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof [27]
The Battle of LogandèmeMaad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak JoofLouis Faidherbe (French governor of Senegal)

Émile Pinet-Laprade		France[28] [29] [30]
The Surprise of Mbin o Ngor
(This was not an open battle but a surprise attack, also known as Mbeetan Keur Ngor). 		Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak JoofMaba Diakhou Bâ,

Damel-Teigne Lat Jor Ngoneh Latir Jobe

and their Marabout armies		Religion, vendetta and empire building Indecisive. The marabout army withdrew when reinforcement finally arrived, but caused severe damage before retreating.[31] [32]
The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (also known as The Battle of Somb)Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak JoofMaba Diakhou Bâ,

Damel-Teigne Lat Jor Ngoneh Latir Jobe

and their Marabout armies		Religion, vendetta and empire building Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof[33] [34]

Genealogy

A short genealogy showing the descendants of Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof.[17] [20]

Descendants of Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof

Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof (king of Laa, Baol, c. 1290) │ Maad Niokhobai Joof (king of Laa, Baol) │ ____________________________________│ │ Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror) = ? = Lingeer Mane Nyan (king of Laa, Baol and Teigne of Baol) │ (1) │ (daughter of Sine o Mev Manneh (Guelowar) │ │ (2) │ │_____________________________________________ │ │ Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof │ (Jaraff and prince of Sine) │ │ _________________________________________________________________________│ │ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof │ Lingeer Siga Pal Mane Nyan Joof (king of Sine) │ │ Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof (king of Sine)

Status in Serer religion

See main article: Serer religion, Pangool, Lamane Jegan Joof, Tukar, Maad Semou Njekeh Joof and Saltigue. The Joof family figure prominently in Serer religion.[35] Many of the Serer Pangool (saints and ancestral spirits) came from this family.[36] Though associated with Serer royalty, this family's involvement in Serer religious affairs are found within the hermeneutics of Serer religion and traditions. Some of the sacred Serer sites regularly venerated were founded or headed by this family which underpins their involvement in the Pangool cult.[36] [35] Some of these venerated sites includes Tagdiam, residence of Maad Semou Njekeh Joof who is associated with the cult of Tagdiam;[37] [38] and Tukar, founded by Lamane Jegan Joof. In the Serer religious calendar, the Raan festival which takes place once a year after the new moon is held in Tukar.[39]

Personalities with the surname Joof, Diouf, Juuf or Juf

The surname Joof, Diouf, Juuf or Juf is carried by several personalities, some of which include:

Royalty

Kingdom of Baol

See also: Kingdom of Baol and Teigne.

Kingdom of Sine

See also: Kingdom of Sine and Maad a Sinig.

Kingdom of Saloum

See also: Kingdom of Saloum and Maad Saloum.

Kingdom of Jolof

See also: Kingdom of Jolof.

Kingdom of Cayor

See also: Cayor.

Royal houses (Guelowar period)

Academic world

Politics

Legal profession

Some of these legal professionals have ventured into politics but they are more known for their legal than for their political occupation :

Medicine

Sports

Music and entertainment

Visual arts

The definition of art is very broad. This section list the names of visual artists (in its narrowest definition) who share this surname:

Business and commerce

Multi-discipline

The following list gives the names of personalities with this surname who are experts in a variety of professions, and are equally known for each of these professions. Their professional life is so wide and varied that they can not be easily described by a single category:

Other

See also

References

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Faye, Louis Diène. Mort et naissance Nouvelles Éditions africaines, 1983, p. 74.
  2. Gastellu, Jean-Marc (M. Sambe - 1937). L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal. IRD Editions, 1981, p. 130.
  3. [Alioune Sarr|Sarr, Alioune]
  4. Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar, Le Djoloff et ses Bourba, Dakar: Nouvelles Editions africaines, 1981, 110 pp.
  5. Galvan, Dennis Charles, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire (2004), pp. 2-281.
  6. [Alioune Sarr|Sarr, Alioune]
  7. Galvan, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire (2004), p. 80.
  8. Bressers & Rosenbaum, Achieving Sustainable Development (2003), p. 151.
  9. Galvan, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire (2004), pp. 109-111.
  10. Phillips, Lucie Colvin, Historical Dictionary of Senegal, Scarecrow Press, 1981, pp. 52-71.
  11. Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 38. IFAN, 1976, pp 557-504.
  12. Sarr, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)", loc.cit., p. 21.
  13. Thilmans, Guy; Descamps, Cyr & Camara Abdoulaye, Senegalia: études sur le patrimoine ouest-africain: hommage à Guy Thilmans, Sépia, 2006, pp. 220-21.
  14. Klein, Martin A. Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914, Edinburgh University Press (1968). p. XV.
  15. Sheridan, Michael J., & Nyamweru|, Celia, African Sacred Groves, James Currey, 2008, p. 141.
  16. Ngom, Biram (Babacar Sédikh Diouf), La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin, Université de Dakar, Dakar, 1987, p. 69.
  17. La famille Juuf [in] « L'épopée de Sanmoon Fay », [in] Éthiopiques (revue), no. 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991 http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1257
  18. Diouf, Niokhobaye, Chronique du royaume du Sine, pp. 712-13.
  19. Buschinger, Danielle (ed & trans: Kloos, Jan Willem), Van den vos Reynaerde: mittelniederländisch - neuhochdeutsch, Presses du Centre d'Etudes médiévales Université de Picardie (1992), p. 59,
  20. Diouf, Chronique du royaume du Sine, pp. 712-33.
  21. Faye, Louis Diène, Mort et naissance, Nouvelles éditions africaines, 1983, p. 56.
  22. Diouf, pp. 712-13.
  23. Diouf, pp. 714-15.
  24. Diouf, pp. 721-23.
  25. Gastellu, Jean-Marc, L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal, IRD Éditions, 1981, pp. 281-282.
  26. Diouf, pp. 724-25.
  27. Klein, p. 46.
  28. Diouf, p 726
  29. Diouf, Cheikh, "Fiscalité et Domination Coloniale: l'exemple du Sine: 1859-1940", Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (2005)
  30. Klein, pp. 55-59.
  31. Diouf, pp. 726-27.
  32. Klein, p. 90.
  33. Diouf, pp. 727-29.
  34. Klein, pp. 90-93.
  35. Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer" (Sénégal), in Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 41, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1979, pp. 133-89 (pp. 15-34). http://ucadao.s3.amazonaws.com/agorae/2009311111736/V.Martin(a).pdf
  36. Gravrand, "Pangool", pp. 332-3, 338, 342-3, 349.
  37. Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer, vol. II: Pangool", Dakar: Nouvelles éditions africaines, 1990, p. 35.
  38. Fleurentin, Jacques. "Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur". IRD Editions, 2002. p 343.
  39. Galvan, Dennis Charles, pp. 108-111, 122, 202, 304, University of California Press (2004)
  40. Galvan, pp. 80-111.
  41. Diouf, pp. 712-13.
  42. Becker, Charles; Martin, Victor; & Ndène. Aloyse; (Révision et édition par Charles Becker), Traditions villageoises du Siin (2014), pp. 191–192
  43. Diouf, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", pp. 14-18 (pp. 722-30).
  44. Klein, Martin A, Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914, Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV.
  45. Klein, Martin A: "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914." Edinburgh University Press (1968), p. XV"
  46. Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar, Le Djoloff et ses Bourba, Dakar: NEA, 1981.
  47. Fall, Tanor Latsoukabé, Recueil sur la Vie des Damel. Introduit et commenté par C. Becker et V. Martin, BIFAN, Tome 36, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1974
  48. http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL15/DeKoninck/dek12.html Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), Article 12.3.2.
  49. Rewmi News. "Le professeur Arona Ndoffène Diouf candidat aux élections présidentielles de 2012"
  50. Diouf, Cheikh, Fiscalité et Domination Coloniale: l'exemple du Sine: 1859–1940. Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (2005)
  51. Peterson, Derek, Macola, Giacomo, "Recasting the Past: History Writing and Political Work in Modern Africa", Ohio University Press (2009) p. 299. https://books.google.com/books?id=edhUGjJp7DgC&dq=marcel+mahawa+diouf&pg=PA229
  52. (Babacar Sédikh Diouf) [in] Ngom, Biram "La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin", Dakar, Université de Dakar (1987), p. 69.
  53. List of ministers on the official site of Ministers of Senegal Web site: SENEGAL - Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention Médicale . 2012-03-06 . dead . https://archive.today/20080204044655/http://213.154.85.37/spip.php?article56 . 4 February 2008.
  54. Ndiaye, Babacar & Ndiaye, Waly, Présidents et ministres de la République du Sénégal, Dakar, 2006 (2e éd.)
  55. Hughes, Arnold & Perfect, David: Historical Dictionary of The Gambia, Scarecrow Press, 2008.
  56. Hughes, Arnold & Perfect, David: A Political History of The Gambia, 1816-1994, University of Rochester Press, 2006.
  57. Ceesay, Hassoum, Gambian Women: an introductory history, the Gambia: Fulladu Publishers.
  58. Ly, Abdoulaye, Les regroupements politiques au Sénégal, 1956-1970, Dakar: CODESRIA; Paris: Karthala, 1992, p. 19
  59. Université Cheikh Anta Diop

    GOUVERNEMENTS DU SENEGAL DE 1957 à 2007

  60. All Africa News
  61. Republique du Senegal, "Liste des candidats admis. p. 11
  62. Kime, Philip Graburn, Kime's International Law Directory, Bowden, Hudson & Co., 1983, p. 7.
  63. The Nation Newspaper (Gambia)

    "Champion of free speech (Tribute)", 7 June 1993, by William Ojo Dixon Colley (Managing Editor of The Nation Newspaper and Secretary General of the Gambia Press Union)

  64. https://web.archive.org/web/20020614001906/http://www.statehouse.gm/cv/justice.htm Gambia State House (CV)
  65. [The Independent (Gambia)]
  66. The Oxford Journal: (CV)
  67. Monash university: "Human Nephron Number, Hypertension and Kidney Disease"
  68. Seneweb News
  69. [The Point (Gambia)]
  70. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060025/http://asia.eurosport.com/basketball/mamadou-diouf_prs88114/person.shtml Eurosports Profile
  71. Alain Mercier, "Pape Diouf redonne des couleurs à l'OM", Le Monde 2, n° 266, supplément au Monde n° 19954, 21 mars 2009, pp. 46-49.
  72. Article L'Equipe: Diouf et la France qui "exclut"
  73. "L’énigme Diouf!" OM Actualités, 12 June 2006.
  74. http://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/whatson/today.cfm?id=2925 Harbourfront Centre: "Live Comedy with Boucar Diouf" (Review)
  75. Quebe Pop. "Lancement - Les Frères Diouf - DUND, Mercredi le 5 novembre 2003"
  76. Web site: Bibliography by Salsa Montreal . 6 March 2012 . 25 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120325040308/http://www.salsamontreal.com/biographie_les_freres_diouf_2005_06_29 . dead .
  77. http://www.dapper.com.fr/residences/diouf.php Bibliography in Dapper
  78. [Foroyaa]
  79. All Africa News: Gambia: Treason Trial Draws to an End As Lie Joof, Rambo Enter Defence
  80. http://www.freedomnewspaper.com/Homepage/tabid/36/mid/367/newsid367/5044/Breaking-News-Gambia-TREASON-TRIAL-Kukoi-Cham-Kinteh-Drammeh-Tamba-and-others-Exposed/Default.aspx Freedom Newspaper (also an online Radio Station)

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Joof family".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.