The Bishopric of Havelberg (German: Bistum Havelberg) was a Roman Catholic diocese founded by King Otto I of Germany in 946, from 968 a suffragan to the Archbishops of Magedeburg. A Prince-bishopric (Hochstift) from 1151, Havelberg as a result of the Protestant Reformation was secularised and finally annexed by the margraves of Brandenburg in 1598.
The episcopal seat was in Havelberg near the confluence of the Elbe and Havel rivers. The bishopric roughly covered the western Prignitz region, between the Altmark in the west and the Brandenburgian core territory in the east. While the episcopal territory was supervised by nine Archdeacons (Pröpste), the bishop's—considerably smaller—secular estates were subdivided into four Ämter:
King Henry the Fowler in 929 marched against the Polabian Slavs settling east of the Elbe River and defeated them in a battle near Lenzen. Occupying the eastern riverbank, Henry had a fortification built on a hill above the Havel tributary, near its mouth into the Elbe. His son Otto I continued the expeditions and in 936/37 established the Saxon Eastern March (Marca Geronis) on the conquered territories. In 948 he founded the dioceses of Havelberg and Brandenburg, initially suffragans to the Archbishops of Mainz, from 968 to the newly established Archdiocese of Magdeburg. Part of the Northern March from 968, Havelberg diocese was occupied by revolting Lutici tribes in the Great Slav Rising of 983 and the bishops remained far from their see.[1]
Not until 150 years later, King Lothair III of Germany re-occupied Havelberg in 1130; the eastern Elbe bank was finally reconquered by the Ascanian margrave Albert the Bear in 1136/37. In 1140 the northern part of the see was annexed to the newly formed Bishopric of Cammin.[1]
| Native Name: | Bistum Havelberg |
| Conventional Long Name: | Bishopric of Havelberg |
| Common Name: | Havelberg |
| Era: | Middle Ages |
| Status: | Prince-Bishopric |
| Empire: | Holy Roman Empire |
| Government Type: | Prince-Bishopric |
| Year Start: | 1151 |
| Year End: | 1598 |
| Event Pre: | Diocese founded by King Otto I |
| Date Pre: | 948 |
| Event Start: | Prince-bishopric |
| Event1: | Transformed into collegiate church |
| Date Event1: | 1506 |
| Date Event2: | 1571 |
| Event End: | Annexed by Brandenburg |
| P1: | Northern March |
| S1: | Margraviate of Brandenburg |
| Image Map Caption: | Lower Saxon Prince-bishoprics of Hildesheim, Halberstadt, Magdeburg and Havelberg (violet), about 1250 |
| Capital: | Havelberg Wittstock (from about 1325) |
| Common Languages: | Brandenburgisch, Polabian |
The first and most famous Prince-Bishop of Havelberg was the Premonstratensian canon Anselm of Havelberg, who had been anointed already in 1129 by the Magedeburg archbishop Norbert of Xanten. Anselm first took his seat at Jerichow in 1144. Upon the Wendish Crusade in 1147, he was able to found a cathedral chapter at Havelberg and to begin the building of St. Mary's Cathedral, which was consecrated in 1170.[2]
Originally built as a Romanesque basilica, the Cathedral was severely damaged by fire in 1279 and then converted to the Gothic style. The complex eventually grew to include a priory, deanery, brewery, oast house, hospital, school, and residences for the canons.[3]
The diocesan and secular territory were already separated in 1151. However, the bishops held no secular rights in the town of Havelberg itself, which was enfeoffed to the Brandenburg margraves. A charter issued by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to declare the residence an episcopal city was never carried out, and in the following centuries, the Havelberg bishops gradually moved their residence to their Amt Wittstock about 50km (30miles) to the northeast. In 1383 the Holy Blood of Wilsnack became a famous pilgrimage site, while Dietrich Man was bishop. In 1395, Bishop Johann III Wöplitz incorporated St. Nicholas' Church at Wilsnack into his episcopal household so that two-thirds of the income flowed directly to the bishopric. Luther and others criticized it as providing an incentive for church officials to encourage dubious shrines.[4] From the 14th century onwards, the Havelberg bishops also used Plattenburg Castle as a summer residence.
After long-lasting quarrels with the mighty Brandenburg prince-electors, the Premonstratensian chapter finally gave in to transform Havelberg into a collegiate church (Stift). From 1514 onwards the deans of the cathedral were appointed by the Margraves of Brandenburg. In the course of the Protestant Reformation, the Bishopric of Havelberg turned Lutheran and from 1554 was administrated by Joachim Frederick of Hohenzollern,[5] son of Elector John George of Brandenburg. The Bishopric was finally secularised and incorporated into Brandenburg in 1571. Its annexation was complete, when Joachim Frederick succeeded his father as Brandenburg elector in 1598.
| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Udo | 946 | 983 | |
| Sede vacante | 983 | 991 | |
| Hilderich | 991 | 1008 | |
| Erich | 1008 | 1024 ? | |
| Gottschalk | 1024 ? | 1085 | |
| Wichmann | 1085 | 1089 | |
| Hezilo | before 1096 | 1110 ? | |
| Bernhard | 1110 ? | 1118 | |
| Haimo | 1118 | 1120 | |
| Gumbert | 1120 | 1125 | |
| Anselm | 1126 | 1155 | |
| Walo | 1155 | 1176 | |
| Hugibert/Hubert | 1176 | 1191 | |
| Helmbert | 1191 | 1206 | |
| Sibodo of Stendal | 1206 | 1219 | |
| Wilhelm | 1219 | 1244 | |
| Heinrich I von der Schulenburg or perhaps von Kerkow | 1244 | 1270 | |
| Heinrich II von Sternberg | 1270 | 1290 | |
| Hermann of Brandenburg, son of Margrave John I | 1290 | 1291 | |
| John I of Brandenburg, son of Margrave John II | 1291 | 1292 | |
| John II | 1292 | 1304 | |
| Arnold (possibly von Plötz) | 1304 | 1312 | |
| Rainer von Dequede | 1312 | 1319 | |
| Heinrich III | 1319 | 1324 | |
| Dietrich I Kothe | 1325 | 1341 | |
| Burkhard I von Bardeleben | 1341 | 1348 | |
| Burkhard II, Count of Lindow-Ruppin | 1348 | 1370 | |
| Dietrich Man | 1370 | 1385 | |
| Johann III Wöplitz | 1385 | 1401 | |
| Otto von Rohr | 1401 | 1427 | |
| Friedrich I Krüger | 1427 | 1427 | |
| Johann IV von Beust | 1427 | 1427 | |
| Konrad von Lintorf | 1427 | 1460 | |
| Witticho Gans zu Putlitz | 1461 | 1487 | |
| Busso I of Alvensleben | 1487 | 1493 | |
| Otto II von Königsmarck | 1493 | 1501 | |
| Johann von Schlabrendorf | 1501 | 1520 | |
| Georg von Blumenthal | 1520 | 1521 | |
| Hieronymus Schulz, formerly Bishop of Brandenburg | 1520 | 1522 | |
| Busso II of Alvensleben | 1522 | 1548 | |
| Frederick II of Brandenburg (Lutheran), son of Elector Joachim II Hector | 1548 | 1552 | |
| Sede vacante | 1552 | 1554 | |
| Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg (Lutheran) | 1554 | 1598 |