Diocese of Capaccio explained

Jurisdiction:Diocese
Vallo della Lucania
Latin:Dioecesis Vallensis in Lucania
Country:Italy
Province:Salerno-Campagna-Acerno
Area Km2:1,562
Population:158,600 (est.)
Population As Of:2020
Catholics:156,600 (guess)
Parishes:139
Denomination:Catholic Church
Rite:Roman Rite
Established:12th Century
Cathedral:Cattedrale di S. Pantaleone
Priests:75 (diocesan)
16 (religious Orders)
9 Permanent Deacons
Bishop Title:Bishop
Bishop:Ciro Miniero
Emeritus Bishops:Giuseppe Rocco Favale
Website:www.diocesivallodellalucania.it

The Italian Catholic Diocese of Capaccio was an historic diocese in Campania. The title came to be used in the second half of the 12th century, when the bishops of Pesto (Paestum) were driven from their seat by the Norman invasion led by Duke Robert Guiscard, and the town of Pesto was sacked and burned. Bishop Leonardus (1159) appears to have been the first to use the title episcopus Caputaquensis.[1] In 1851 it became the Diocese of Capaccio and Vallo.[2] Since 1945 it has been the Roman Catholic Diocese of Vallo della Lucania.

History

Bishops of Pesto (Paestum) are known by the end of the sixth century.[3] All of the dioceses of Lucania, except Paestum, appear to have been fatally damaged by the appearance of the Arian Lombards at the end of the 6th century.[4] Paestum was attacked in the early 10th century by the Saracens, who fortified the area of Agripoli, which had once been the citadel of the Greek colony and then the Roman colony of Paestum. The city was burned. The inhabitants fled into the mountains, where they built the town that came to be called Capaccio.[5] In 1080, the town of Pesto was devastated by the Norman Duke Robert Guiscard, and nearly deserted.[6]

Ecclesiastically, Pesto becomes associated with Capaccio by 967, when Pope John XIII wrote to "reverendissimo confratri nostro, Petro Paestano Episcopo, quae Caput-aquis dicitur.[7]

The episcopal palace was in Capaccio, but the bishops also had residences in Sala, Novi, and Diano.[8] The episcopal palace at Diano, purchased and improved by Bishop Francesco Brancaccio, was dedicated in 1629.[9] In 1704, the bishop resided in S(c)ala, and pontificated in the church of S. Pietro.[10]

In 1583, a diocesan synod was held, presided over by the Vicar General Silvio Galasso, in the absence of Bishop Lorenzo Belo, who was ill.[11] Bishop Pedro de Mata (1611–1627) held a diocesan synod in 1617. Bishop Francesco Maria Brancaccio (1627–1635) held a diocesan synod in 1629.[12] On 12–14 December 1649, Bishop Tommaso Carafa (1639–1664) presided at a diocesan synod held in Laurino.[13]

The diocese of Capaccio had a seminary, located in Diano; and three episcopal colleges (high schools), in Novi, Sicignano, and Capaccio.[14]

After Napoleon

Following the extinction of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the Congress of Vienna authorized the restoration of the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Since the French occupation had seen the abolition of many Church institutions in the Kingdom, as well as the confiscation of most Church property and resources, it was imperative that Pope Pius VII and King Ferdinand IV reach agreement on restoration and restitution.

1818

A concordat was finally signed on 16 February 1818, and ratified by Pius VII on 25 February 1818. Ferdinand issued the concordat as a law on 21 March 1818.[15] The re-erection of the dioceses of the kingdom and the ecclesiastical provinces took more than three years. The right of the king to nominate the candidate for a vacant bishopric was recognized, as in the Concordat of 1741, subject to papal confirmation (preconisation).[16] On 27 June 1818, Pius VII issued the bull De Ulteriore, in which he reestablished the metropolitan archbishopric of Salerno, with five suffragan dioceses, including Capaccio.[17]

1853

The diocese, as it had grown over the centuries, had become extremely large in geographical extent, and, as the population grew as well, it became much more difficult to administer. In 1848, the inhabitants numbered some 182,000.[18] Discussions on dividing the diocese had already begun in the reign of Pope Gregory XVI,[19] division of assets and relocation of facilities being of prime consideration. Progress was interrupted by the revolutions of 1848, and the deposition of the pope and creation of the Roman Republic. In addition, Bishop Gregorio Fistilli had resigned on 26 September 1848,[20] leaving the diocese of Capaccio without a bishop from 1848 to 1853.[21] By April 1850, however, Pius IX was back in Rome, and by 1853 general agreement had been reached with Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and with representatives of the communities in the diocese of Capaccio.[22] The diocese would be divided into two separate dioceses, one at Diano and the other at Vallo.

On 16 July 1853, Pius IX signed the bull "Cum propter justitiae dilectionem," establishing the diocese of "Caputaquensis et Vallensis" (Capaccio e Vallo). The new diocese was to be a suffragan of the archdiocese of Salerno.[23] The parish church of S. Pantaleone was elevated to the status of cathedral, and a Chapter was created consisting of two dignities (the Archdeacon and the Archpriest) and twelve canons, a Canon Theologus and a Canon Penitentiary, and six mansionarii.[24]

Bishops

Latin Name: Caputaquensis

1159 to 1500

Nicholas (1202– ?) Administrator[29]

...

Sede vacante (July 1338–June 1341)[36]

1500 to 1859

Luigi d'Aragona (1503–1514 Resigned) Administrator[47]

Vincenzo Galeotta (1514–1522) Administrator[48]

Lorenzo Pucci (1522–1523 Resigned) Administrator[49]

Francesco Sfondrati (23 Mar 1547–1549) Administrator[52]

See also

Bibliography

Reference works for bishops

Studies

External links

40.2333°N 15.2667°W

Notes and References

  1. Kehr VIII, p. 368.
  2. Umberto Benigni, "Caputaquensis et Vallensis", in: The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 3 (New York 1913); retrieved: 20 September 2022.
  3. Lanzoni, pp. 322-323.
  4. Louis Duchesne (1905), "Les évêchés d'Italie et l'invasion lombarde,", in: Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire 25 (Paris: Fontemoing 1905), pp. 365-399, esp. 367 and 398-399. D'Avino, p. 133.
  5. Cappelletti XX, p. 334. D'Avino, p. 132. The catastrophe is referred to by Pope Pius IX in his bull Cum Propter Justitiae Dilectione of 16 July 1853 (Ebner, p. 314): "Hodierna enim Caputaquensis Civitas, postquam labente saeculo duodecimo vetus Caputaquium direptum atque ab hostibus penitus eversum fuit, licet protunus instaurari caepta sit, numquam tamen praesto habuit ea, quae pro episcopali residentia, atque decore opportuna, et necessaria esse debent omnino."
  6. Kehr, p. 368.
  7. Ebner, p. 61.
  8. Marchisano, in: D'Avino, p. 134, column 2.
  9. Volpi, pp. 147-148.
  10. Ritzler and Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 142, note 1.
  11. Volpi, p. 122.
  12. Volpi, p. 148.
  13. https://books.google.com/books?id=ciYKiJYwpucC&pg=PA1 Synodus dioecesana Caputaquensis sub Thoma Carafa episcopo celebrata
  14. Marchisano, in: D'Avino, p. 134, column 2. Bishop Michele Barone (1835–1842) opened the school at Capaccio.
  15. F. Torelli (1848), La chiave del concordato dell'anno 1818 I, second edition (Naples: Fibreno 1848), pp. 1-19.
  16. Torelli I, p. 9.
  17. Bulliarii Romani Continuatio Tomus 25 (Rome 1853), p. 57, § 7: "Archiepiscopalis ecclesia Salernitana suffraganeas habebit episcopales ecclesias Caputaquensem, Policastrensem, Marsicensem, et Nuscanam; episcopalis vero Acernensis ecclesia ac dioecesis administrationem moderno ac prò tempore existenti archiepiscopo Salernitano...."
  18. Marchisano, in: D'Avino, p. 134, column 2.
  19. Ebner, p. 312.
  20. Fistilli died in 1849.
  21. Cappelletti XX, p. 361.
  22. Ebner, pp. 313-315. The king had given his exequatur on 24 August 1851.
  23. Ebner, p. 320: "Episcopalem porro Caputaquensem et Vallensem Ecclesiam haud secus ac antea, metropolitico jure Salernitano Archiepiscopatui subditam atque subjectam permanere...."
  24. Ebner, p. 313. The bull "Cum propter" is printed in full by Ebner, pp. 314-321.
  25. Leonardus appears to have been the first to use the title episcopus Caputaquensis. Volpi, pp. 14-15. Kehr VIII, p. 368.
  26. Bishop Arnaldus was sent by King William II of Sicily as legate to England in 1176. He attended the Third Lateran Council of Pope Alexander III in March 1179. He is listed among the bishops of the province of Salerno. J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXII (Venice: A.Zatta 1778), p. 460. Volpi, pp. 13-14; 16. Kehr VIII, p. 368.
  27. Michael: Kehr VIII, p. 368.
  28. [Pope Celestine III]
  29. Archbishop Nicholas of Salerno, driven into exile, was appointed administrator of the vacant see of Capaccio by Pope Innocent III on 12 June 1202. The administratorship was to last until Archbishop Nicholas was restored to Salerno, or until the pope provided otherwise. J.P. Migne (ed.), Patrolgiae Latinae Tomus CCXIV (Paris: Garnier 1890), p. 1033, no. LXIII. Eubel I, p. 165.
  30. Giliberto was a canon of the cathedral of Capaccio, and abbot of S. Mari de Plano Sabine Orvinio). In October 1217, Bishop Giliberto granted the rental of a house in Capaccio to Giovanni Corbiserio. Pietro Pressuti, Regesta Honorii Papae III Vol. I (Roma: Typografia Vaticana 1888), p. 235, no. 1418. Mattei-Cerasoli (1919), p. 374. Eubel I, p. 265. Ebner, p. 57.
  31. Benvenuto was appointed by Pope Innocent IV on 7 October 1252. Volpi, p. 18, 48. Eubel I, p. 165.
  32. Volpi, p. 51. Eubel I, p. 165.
  33. Following the death of Bishop Peter, Pope Honorius IV, who had reserved the appointment of the next bishop of Capaccio for himself, transferred Bishop Gotbertus (Giberto) from the diocese of Agrigento on 23 August 1286. He was a Councilor of King Charles I and Keeper of the Seal. He may have been one of the Angevins driven from Sicily as a consequence of the Sicilian Vespers. He died in 1294. Maurice Prou, Les Registres d'Honorius IV (Paris: E. Thorin 1888), p. 434, no. 616. Volpi, pp. 51-54. Eubel I, p. 165.
  34. On 13 August 1311, Pope Clement V, having heard that Bishop Giovanni was suffering from an incurable disease which robbed him of mobility in his limbs, ordered the bishops of Naples and Stabiae to have the bishop of Capaccio choose a coadjutor, or, if he refused, to choose one for him. Regestum Clementis papae V, Year 6 (Romae: Typographia Vaticana 1887), p. 307, no. 7248. Eubel I, p. 165.
  35. The Chapter of Capaccio was unaware that Pope Clement V had placed a reservation on the bishopric while Bishop Giovanni was still alive, and they therefore proceeded to an election of his successor. They reached agreement, by the via compromissi, and elected Filippo de Santo Magno of Salerno. The bishop-elect's procurator and the nuncio of the Chapter travelled to Avignon, where the Pope voided the election. He then exercised his reservation, and provided (appointed) Bishop-elect Philippus to the post, in a bull dated 7 July 1312. Regestum Clementis papae V, Year 7 (Romae: Typographia Vaticana 1887), p. 194, no. 8417. Eubel I, p. 165.
  36. An election by the cathedral Chapter of Capaccio took place following the death of Bishop Filippo. Two factions each elected a bishop, Petrus Baudeti, a cleric of Tulle, and Tommaso da Santo Magno of Salerno. When the matter was referred to the papal court in Avignon, on 30 November 1340 Pope Benedict XII appointed an Administrator of the diocese, Magister Arnulfo Marcellini, the Vice-Rector of Benevento. J.M. Vidal, Benoît XII: Lettres communes Tome II (Paris: Fontemoing 1910), p. 238, no. 7682.
  37. Tommaso had been Archdeacon of Capaccio. He was elected bishop by the Chapter of the cathedral, in a disputed election against Petrus Baudeti, a cleric of the diocese of Tulle. The election of Tommaso was found to have been canonically conducted, and therefore Pope Benedict XII confirmed the election of Tommaso; the Bishop of Porto, Jean-Raymond de Comminges, was ordered to carry out his consecration. Tommaso died on 12 July 1382. J.M. Vidal, Benoît XII: Lettres communes Tome II (Paris: Fontemoing 1910), p. 316, no. 8421. Eubel I, p. 165 with note 3.
  38. Nicholas was appointed by Pope Clement VII on 13 August 1382. Eubel I, p. 165.
  39. Jacobus was provided (appointed) by Urban VI. Eubel I, p. 165.
  40. Giovanni was appointed bishop of Capaccio by Pope Boniface IX on 16 May 1399. He was named Archbishop (Personal Title) of Muro Lucano on 23 February 1407, in an exchange of seats with Bishop Guilelmus, who became Bishop of Capaccio. Archbishop Giovanni died in 1417 or 1418. Eubel I, pp. 165, 352.
  41. His personal name is given as Guglielmo by Volpi, quoting a document of 1407. On 23 February 1407, Guglielmo was transferred from Muro Lucano to Capaccio by Pope Innocent VII (Roman Obedience). He died on 10 September 1410. Volpi, pp. 66-67. Eubel I, p. 165, 352.
  42. Baldassare, a canon of the cathedral of Rossano, was appointed by Pope John XXIII on 16 August 1412. Eubel I, p. 165.
  43. Eubel: I, p. 165; II, p. 118.
  44. Bartolommeo Carbone was a native of Naples. He had been abbot of the monastery of S. Proculo in Bologna. He served as Bishop of Cavaillon (1434–1439). He was transferred to the diocese of Capaccio by Pope Eugenius IV on 25 September 1439. He died early in 1441. Volpi, p. 72. Eubel II, pp. 118, 123.
  45. Mirto: Eubel II, p. 118.
  46. Podocathor was the private secretary of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia. He was named bishop of Capaccio on 14 November 1483 by Pope Sixtus IV. When Borgia became pope in 1492, he continued as papal secretary. He was named a cardinal by Pope Alexander VI on 28 September 1500. On 20 January 1503, Podocathor was appointed Administrator of the diocese of Benevento. He participated in the two conclaves of 1503, as a member of the Spanish faction, but their opponents elected Giuliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II. Podocathor was contemplating a move to Spain, when he died in Rome on 25 August 1504, at the age of 75. He was buried in Santa Maria del Popolo. Volpi, pp. 79-80. Eubel III, pp. 7, no. 32; 132. Elisa Andretta (2015), "Podocataro, Ludovico,", in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 84 (2015).
  47. The grandson of King Alfonso I of Naples, Cardinal Luigi was never consecrated a bishop. He was therefore only the Apostolic Administrator of the diocese of Capaccio, from 20 January 1503 to 22 March 1514. Eubel II, p. 118 with note 4.
  48. Galeotta was Bishop of Rapolla (1477–1482), then Bishop of Squillace (1482–1520). He served as Administrator of the diocese of Capaccio from 22 March 1514 to his resignation in 1522; he died in Naples in 1524, in his 64th year. Volpi, pp. 85-89. Eubel II, p. 241; III, pp. 151-152; 303.
  49. Cardinal Pucci was Apostolic Administrator of the diocese, from 10 September 1522 to 12 June 1523. Volpi, pp. 89-96. Eubel III, p. 152.
  50. Caracciolo was the second son of Francesco of the Caraccioli del Sole, dukes of Melfi. He had previously been Bishop of Trivento, named at the age of 24 in 1502. He was appointed bishop of Capaccio on 12 June 1523 by Pope Clement VII (Medici). He resigned in 1531. In 1536 he was named Archbishop of Capua by Pope Paul III (Farnese), and allowed to retain the diocese of Trivento. He died on 31 March 1546. Volpi, pp. 96-97. Eubel II, p. 257 with note 2; III, pp. 151, 152. "Bishop Tommaso Caracciolo" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved August 8, 2016
  51. Volpi, pp. 97-99.
  52. Cardinal Sfondrati was named Administrator of the diocese on 23 March 1547. On 9 Nov 1549, he was appointed Archbishop (Personal Title) of Cremona. Volpi, pp. 91-108, citing numerous documents, e.g. a decree of Sfondrati's Vicar General (p. 101), "Nos Federicus Conte, Archipresbyter Tramuntanus, Vicarius et Locumtenens Generalis Caputaquensis Diocesis pro parte Illustrissimi et reverendissimi Francisci Sfondrati Sacrosanctae romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis, dictae Diocoesis episcopalis perpetui Administratoris." Cf. Eubel III, p. 152.
  53. Cardinal Girolamo resigned the church of Capaccio in favor of his younger brother, Paolo Emilio, whose career he had been promoting, as he explained in a letter to the Chapter of S. Maria di Laurino. Volpi, pp. 108-110. Eubel III, p. 152.
  54. Paolo Emilio was the brother of Cardinal Girolamo Verallo. He was a Referendary of the Two Signatures, and Auditor of the Roman Rota. He was appointed bishop of Capaccio by Pope Julius III on 1 March 1553. In 1562 and 1563, he attended the Council of Trent, appointing as his Vicar General the Franciscan Bishop Pietro degli Affatati da Caſtrovillari. He returned in 1564, and held a diocesan synod in Palula. He then founded a diocesan seminary. He attended the provincial synod of the ecclesiastical province of Salerno in 1567, under Archbishop Marcantonio Marsilio Colonna. He resigned, travelled to Naples, and died in Rome in 1574. Volpi, pp. 111-119. Eubel III, p. 152 (with a typological error in the date of his successor: 1574, not 1584).
  55. Volpi reports that Belo was appointed by Pope Gregory XIII on 24 May 1574. Eubel makes it 22 May 1584. In 1577, Bishop Belo created a Collegiate Church at the parish church of S. Margherita di Sicignano; and on 28 October 1577, another Collegiate at S. Maria di Laurino. He contributed to the establishment of a convent of Observant Franciscans in the territory of Laurino in 1579. He named his brother Lelio his Vicar General. Orazio Fusco became Vicar General in 1580, then in 1582 Silvio Galasso, and then Francesco Testa. Volpi, pp. 119-123. Eubel III, p. 152.
  56. Morelli held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. Volpi. pp. 123-136.
  57. Volpi, pp. 137-138.
  58. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 134.
  59. Volpi, pp. 138-145.
  60. Ritzler and Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 142.
  61. Volpi, pp. 201-202. Ritzler and Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 142.
  62. Raimondi: Volpi, pp. 203-205. Ritzler and Sefrin Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 147 with note 2.
  63. Zuccari: Ritzler and Sefrin VI, p. 147 with note 3.
  64. On 29 October 1804, Torrusio was appointed Bishop of Nola. Ritzler and Sefrin VI, p. 147 with note 4.
  65. Speranza was born in Laurito (diocese of Capaccio), of the family of the barons of Laurito, in 1742. He was named bishop of Guardialfiera by King Ferdinand IV on 31 October 1797, and confirmed by Pope Pius VI on 29 January 1798. He was appointed bishop of Capaccio on 29 October 1804, the king having been deposed and the kingdom occupied by the French armies. He died on 12 August 1834, at the age of 88. Almanacco reale (del regno delle Due Sicilie) per l'anno 1829, (Napoli: Stamperia royale 1829), p. 177. Ritzler and Sefrin VI, p. 231; VII, p. 132.
  66. On 20 June 1859, Giampaolo was confirmed as Bishop of Larino. Ritzler and Sefrin VIII, pp. 180, 198, 334.

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