Dingwu (era) explained

Dingwu
C:	定武
P:	Dìngwǔ

Dingwu (1646–1664) was the era name of the Dingwu Emperor of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 18 years.^[1]

This era name comes from Han zhu ji (韓主紀) in the Zui wei lu (罪惟錄) of Cha Jizuo (查繼佐), and the beginning and ending years of Meng Sen's (孟森) research are from 1646 to 1663.^[2] It was generally considered unreliable.^{[3] [4] [5] [6]}

Change of era

• 1646 (Longwu 2): The Prince of Han changed the era to Dingwu 1 (定武元年, "the first year of Dingwu").^[7]

Comparison table

Dingwu	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
AD	1646	1647	1648	1649	1650	1651	1652	1653	1654	1655
Gānzhī 干支	Bǐngxū 丙戌	Dīnghài 丁亥	Wùzǐ 戊子	Jǐchǒu 己丑	Gēngyín 庚寅	Xīnmǎo 辛卯	Rénchén 壬辰	Guǐsì 癸巳	Jiǎwǔ 甲午	Yǐwèi 乙未
Dingwu	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
AD	1656	1657	1658	1659	1660	1661	1662	1663
Gānzhī 干支	Bǐngshēn 丙申	Dīngyǒu 丁酉	Wùxū 戊戌	Jǐhài 己亥	Gēngzǐ 庚子	Xīnchǒu 辛丑	Rényín 壬寅	Guǐmǎo 癸卯

Other regime eras that existed during the same period

• China
  • Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
  • Kangxi (康熙, 1662–1722): Qing dynasty — era name of the Kangxi Emperor
  • Dashun (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of Zhang Xianzhong
  • Longwu (隆武, 1645–1646): Southern Ming — era name of the Longwu Emperor
  • Shaowu (紹武; Did not inaugurate): Southern Ming — era name of the Shaowu Emperor
  • Yongli (永曆, 1647–1683): Southern Ming — era name of the Yongli Emperor
  • Dongwu (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai
  • Jianguo Lu (監國魯, 1646–1653): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu
  • Zhongxing (中興, 1647): Qing period — era name of the Jiang Erxun (蔣爾恂)
  • Tianzheng (天正, 1648): Qing period — era name of Zhang Jintang (張近堂) in Dongming
  • Tianshun (天順, 1661): Qing period — era name of Xiao Weitang (蕭惟堂)
• Vietnam
  • Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
  • Khánh Đức (慶德, 1649–1653): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Thịnh Đức (盛德, 1653–1658): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Vĩnh Thọ (永壽, 1658–1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Vạn Khánh (萬慶, 1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
  • Cảnh Trị (景治, 1663–1671): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Huyền Tông
  • Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
• Japan
  • Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
  • Keian (慶安, 1648–1652): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
  • Jōō (承応, 1652–1655): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai
  • Meireki (明暦, 1655–1658): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
  • Manji (万治, 1658–1661): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
  • Kanbun (寛文, 1661–1673): era name of Emperor Go-Sai and Emperor Reigen

See also

• List of Chinese era names
• List of Ming dynasty era names

External links

• 《后明韩主续考》

Notes and References

1. Li Chongzhi (李崇智). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考), p. 210
2. Meng Sen (孟森), Hou Ming Han zhu (後明韓主), Ming Qing shi lun zhu ji kan (明清史論著集刊), Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局), 1959
3. Gu Cheng (顧誠). History of Southern Ming (南明史)
4. 秦暉，《「後明韓主」烏有說》，《陝西師大學報(哲學社會科學版)》，1992年第1期。
5. 姚定九，《關於孟森「後明韓主」一文的商榷》，《首都師範大學學報(社會科學版)》，1980年第1期。
6. 方福仁，《後明韓主事質疑》，《江漢論壇)》，1980年第4期。
7. Zui wei lu Han zhu ji (罪惟錄韓主紀). Cha Jizuo (查繼佐). zh:罪惟錄 (四部叢刊本)/帝紀卷二十二. 韓王本鉝，係太祖第十九子憲王松之後，世封平涼。崇禎十六年，李賊自成陷陝，王被執，間脫。適獻賊陷楚，其部將郝永忠者，梟悍，軍中望永忠搖旗，輒奮，遂以郝搖旗著名，敵遇之震。及獻賊死，搖旗內款，獨奉韓王為主。自閩事壞，韓便稱尊，改元定武，嘗移書桂主，敘長幼不稱臣。北抗，保鄖西亂山之中，駐房山，自為號令。時來亨駐興山、歸州等處，劉二虎據巫山等處，王壹與其弟行二者據施州衛，聲勢遙相倚。及孫可望歸款安龍，馳秦王令旨，招永忠。永忠答柬，稱侍生某，有曰：「老侄年來舉動，何以至是？」以其傲，多不恭于桂，為鳴鼓之詞也。可望不敢還讓。初，李闖下一隻虎李過及闖戚高必正等舉眾南逸，先款韓王，王不能有，乃就桂林兵部尚書堵胤錫稽首受命。壬寅，定武十六年，北師總督李國英以關中勁旅當房山，而鼓其全力困來亨，房山得完。癸卯，定武十七年，來亨被圍，棄七連，保譚家寨。永忠與二虎合力，從來亨北禦，大戰四晝夜，北恊湖廣之師大挫。已而巫山不能守，先敗。房山旋敗，韓主不終。