Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers explained

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine that are used as L-type calcium channel blockers.[1] They are used in the treatment of hypertension.[2]

Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure mainly by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessel walls.[3]

Class members

Dihydropyridine class L-type calcium channel blockers include, in alphabetical order (brand names vary in different countries):

Name Image Brand nameCitations
Norvasc, Istin, Normodipine, Tenox, Cordi Cor
Sapresta (サプレスタ)[4]
CalBlock (カルブロック)[5]
Vasexten, Libradin, Cyress, HypoCa[6]
Coniel
Atelec (アテレック), Cilacar, Cinalong, Siscard[7]
Cleviprex[8]
Cronidipine[9]
[10]
Dexniguldipine[11]
Landel (ランデル)[12]
Elgodipine[13]
Elnadipine[14]
Renedil, Plendil
Flordipine[15]
Furnidipine[16]
Iganidipine[17]
DynaCirc CR[18]
Lacipil, Motens, Sakure
Lemildipine
Zanidip, Zanidip-Recordati
EsCordi Cor
Levniguldipine
Manyper, Caslot, Madipine
Cardene, Cardene SR
Adalat, Nifedical, Procardia, Corinfar, Cordaflex
Nivadil
Nimotop
Sular, Baymycard, Syscor
Baypress, Cardif, Nitrepin, Baylotensin
Olradipine
Palonidipine
Acalas
Sagandipine
Sornidipine
Teludipine
Tiamdipine
Trombodipine
Vatanidipine

The pharmaceutical drug finerenone is also a dihydrophyridine derivative, but does not act as a calcium channel blocker but as an antimineralocorticoid.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Bladen . Chris . Gündüz . Miyase Gözde . Şimşek . Rahime . Şafak . Cihat . Zamponi . Gerald W. . 2014-10-23 . Synthesis and evaluation of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with calcium channel blocking activity . Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology . 466 . 7 . 1355–1363 . 10.1007/s00424-013-1376-z . 1432-2013 . 24149495. 253888496 .
  2. Xu . Lei . Li . Dan . Tao . Li . Yang . Yanling . Li . Youyong . Hou . Tingjun . 2016 . Binding mechanisms of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives to L-type calcium channel Cav1.2: a molecular modeling study . Molecular BioSystems . 12 . 2 . 379–390 . 10.1039/c5mb00781j . 1742-2051 . 26673131.
  3. Frishman . William H. . 2007 . Calcium channel blockers: differences between subclasses . American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs: Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions . 7 . Suppl 1 . 17–23 . 10.2165/00129784-200707001-00003 . 1175-3277 . 19845073 . 21199295.
  4. Okumura . K. . Ichihara . K. . Nagasaka . M. . 1997 . Effects of aranidipine, a novel calcium channel blocker, on mechanical responses of the isolated rat portal vein: comparison with typical calcium channel blockers and potassium channel openers . Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology . 29 . 2 . 209–215 . 10.1097/00005344-199702000-00009 . 0160-2446 . 9057070. free .
  5. Wellington . Keri . Scott . Lesley J. . 2003 . Azelnidipine . Drugs . 63 . 23 . 2613–2621; discussion 2623–2624 . 10.2165/00003495-200363230-00004 . 0012-6667 . 14636080. 263994294 .
  6. Malhotra . H. S. . Plosker . G. L. . 2001 . Barnidipine . Drugs . 61 . 7 . 989–996; discussion 997–998 . 10.2165/00003495-200161070-00007 . 0012-6667 . 11434453. 263999687 .
  7. Shete . Mukesh Madhukar . 2016 . Cilnidipine: Next Generation Calcium Channel Blocker . The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India . 64 . 4 . 95–99 . 0004-5772 . 27734656.
  8. Deeks . Emma D. . Keating . Gillian M. . Keam . Susan J. . 2009 . Clevidipine: a review of its use in the management of acute hypertension . American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs: Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions . 9 . 2 . 117–134 . 10.1007/BF03256583 . 1175-3277 . 19331440.
  9. Web site: PubChem . Cronidipine . 2023-01-05 . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . en.
  10. Matucci . R. . Ottaviani . M. F. . Barbieri . M. . Cerbai . E. . Mugelli . A. . 2009-02-12 . Protective effect of darodipine, a calcium antagonist, on rat cardiomyocytes against oxygen radical-mediated injury . British Journal of Pharmacology . 122 . 7 . 1353–1360 . 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701525 . 0007-1188 . 1565083 . 9421282.
  11. Hahn . K. A. . Legendre . A. M. . Schuller . H. M. . 1997 . Amputation and dexniguldipine as treatment for canine appendicular osteosarcoma . Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology . 123 . 1 . 34–38 . 10.1007/BF01212612 . 0171-5216 . 8996538. 21129242 .
  12. Tanaka . Hikaru . Shigenobu . Koki . 2002 . Efonidipine hydrochloride: a dual blocker of L- and T-type ca(2+) channels . Cardiovascular Drug Reviews . 20 . 1 . 81–92 . 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2002.tb00084.x . 0897-5957 . 12070536. free .
  13. Tamargo . J. . López-Sendón . J. . Delpón . E. . González-Morales . M. . de Miguel . E. . 1991 . Cardiovascular effects of the new dihydropyridine derivative elgodipine . Arzneimittel-Forschung . 41 . 9 . 895–900 . 0004-4172 . 1796916.
  14. Web site: PubChem . Elnadipine . 2023-01-05 . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . en.
  15. Mayhan . W. G. . Heistad . D. D. . 1985 . Effect of flordipine on cerebral blood flow . The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics . 235 . 1 . 92–97 . 0022-3565 . 4045730.
  16. Krzemiński . Tadeusz F. . Hudziak . Damian . Sielańczyk . Andrzej W. . Porc . Maurycy . Kedzia . Agnieszka . 2008 . Differential effects of furnidipine and its active metabolites in rat isolated working heart . Vascular Pharmacology . 49 . 2–3 . 91–96 . 10.1016/j.vph.2008.06.005 . 1537-1891 . 18656554.
  17. Ishii . Kiyoshi . Matsuo . Hiroshi . Fukaya . Yasuhiro . Tanaka . Sumiyoshi . Sakaki . Hideyuki . Waki . Mitsunori . Araie . Makoto . 2003 . Iganidipine, a new water-soluble Ca2+ antagonist: ocular and periocular penetration after instillation . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . 44 . 3 . 1169–1177 . 10.1167/iovs.02-0482 . 0146-0404 . 12601046.
  18. Schachter . M. . 1991 . Isradipine . Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics . 16 . 2 . 79–91 . 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1991.tb00288.x . 0269-4727 . 1830320. 221850085 . free .

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