Digaro languages explained

Digarish
Also Known As:Northern Mishmic
Region:Arunachal Pradesh
Familycolor:Sino-Tibetan
Fam1:possibly Sino-Tibetan or an independent family
Fam2:Greater Siangic ?
Child1:Idu Mishmi
Child2:Taraon
Glotto:mish1241
Glottorefname:Digarish

The Digaro (Digarish), Northern Mishmi (Mishmic), or Kera'a–Tawrã[1] languages are a possible small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by the Mishmi people of southeastern Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh.

The languages are Idu and Taraon (Digaro, Darang). Lexical similarities are restricted to centain semantic fields, so a relationship between them is doubtful.[2]

External relationships

They are not related to the Southern Mishmi Midzu languages, apart from possibly being Sino-Tibetan. However, Blench and Post (2011) suggests that they may not even be Sino-Tibetan, but rather an independent language family of their own.

Blench (2014) classifies the Digaro languages as part of the Greater Siangic group of languages.

Names

Autonyms and exonyms for Digaro-speaking peoples, as well as Miju (Kaman), are given below (Jiang, et al. 2013:2-3).

Taraon name!c=02
Kaman namec=03Idu namec=04Assamese name
Taraon peoplec=01da31 raŋ53c=02tɕi31 moŋ35c=03tɑ31 rɑŋ35c=04Digaru;
Digaru Mishmi
Kaman peoplec=01tɕɑu53c=02kɯ31 mɑn35c=03mi31 tɕu55c=04Midzu
Idu peoplec=01dju55;
dju55 ta31 rɑŋ53;
dɑi53
c=02min31 dɑu55;
hu53
c=03i53 du55c=04Chulikata Mishmi
Zha people 扎人c=01tɕɑ31 kʰen55c=02tɕɑ31 kreŋ35c=03c=04
Tibetan peoplec=01lɑ31 mɑ55;
mei53 bom55
c=02dɯ31 luŋ35;
hɑi35 hɯl55
c=03ɑ31 mi53;
pu53;
mi31 si55 pu53
c=04

Registers

Idu, Tawra, Kman, and Meyor all share a system of multiple language registers, which are (Blench 2016):[3]

  1. ordinary speech
  2. speech of hunters: lexical substitution, the replacement of animal names and others by special lexical forms, and sometimes short poems
  3. speech of priests/shamans: more complex, involving much language which is difficult to understand, and also lengthy descriptions of sacrificial animals
  4. poetic/lyrical register (not in Idu, but appears in Kman)
  5. mediation register (only in Idu?)
  6. babytalk register

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: DeLancey, Scott. The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. Classifying Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan) languages. De Gruyter. 2021. 10.1515/9783110558142-012. 207–224. 9783110558142. 238722139.
  2. Blench, R.M. 2024. The ‘Mishmi’ languages, Idu, Tawrã and Kman: a mismatch between cultural and linguistic relations. In: Movements through Time and Space: Ecology and Lingua-Cultural Change in South and Southeast Asia. Nishant Choksi ed. Guwahati: Pragjyotish Centre for Cultural Research.
  3. Web site: (PDF) Mishmi language development Roger Blench - Academia.edu. Blench. Roger.