Diethylcarbamazine Explained

Watchedfields:changed
Verifiedrevid:412749783
Routes Of Administration:By mouth
Atc Prefix:P02
Atc Suffix:CB02
Legal Status:Rx Only
Cas Number:90-89-1
Pubchem:3052
Drugbank:DB00711
Chemspiderid:2944
Unii:V867Q8X3ZD
Kegg:D07825
Chembl:684
Synonyms:DEC, N, N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide
Iupac Name:N,N-diethyl-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide
C:10
H:21
N:3
O:1
Smiles:C1CN(C)CCN1C(=O)N(CC)CC
Stdinchi:1S/C10H21N3O/c1-4-12(5-2)10(14)13-8-6-11(3)7-9-13/h4-9H2,1-3H3
Stdinchikey:RCKMWOKWVGPNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point:47
Melting High:49

Diethylcarbamazine is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk.[1] While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include itching, facial swelling, headaches, and feeling tired. Other side effects include vision loss and dizziness.[2] It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby.[3] [4] The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible.[5] It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine.[6]

Diethylcarbamazine was discovered in 1947[7] by Yellapragada Subbarow.[8] [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is not commercially available in the United States but can be acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[1]

Medical uses

Diethylcarbamazine is indicated for the treatment of people with certain filarial diseases, including lymphatic filariasis caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or Brugia timori; loiasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.[11] The WHO recommends prescribing diethylcarbamazine to people who are infected with microfilariae of filarial parasites and also to control transmission of infection in filariasis-endemic areas.

In India and China, diethylcarbamazine has been added to salt to combat lymphatic filariasis.[12]

Contraindications

Contraindications are previous history of heart problems, gastrointestinal problems, and allergies.

Diethylcarbamazine is contraindicated in patients who may have onchocerciasis, due to the risk of the Mazzotti reaction.[13]

Mechanism

Diethylcarbamazine is an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism in microfilariae. This makes the microfilariae more susceptible to innate immune attack, but does not kill the parasites outright.[14]

Society and culture

Brand names

Brand names include Hetrazan, Carbilazine, Caricide, Cypip, Ethodryl, Notézine, Spatonin, Filaribits, Banocide Forte, and Eofil.

Veterinary uses

Diethylcarbamazine is used to prevent heartworm in dogs.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Our Formulary Infectious Diseases Laboratories CDC. www.cdc.gov. 7 December 2016. 22 September 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161216173833/https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/drugservice/formulary.html. 16 December 2016.
  2. Web site: Diethylcarbamazine Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com. www.drugs.com. 8 December 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223430/https://www.drugs.com/cons/diethylcarbamazine.html. 20 December 2016.
  3. Book: Sweet RL, Gibbs RS . Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Tract. 2009. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 9780781778152. 382. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wuR_ngItU5oC&pg=PA382. 2017-09-10.
  4. Book: Herbert-Ashton M, Clarkson NE . Quick Look Nursing: Pharmacology. 2005. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 9780763735951. 48. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145628/https://books.google.com/books?id=RuyTlze9Y5kC&pg=PA48. 2017-09-10.
  5. Book: WHO Model Formulary 2008 . 2009 . 9789241547659 . ((World Health Organization)) . Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR . 10665/44053 . World Health Organization . World Health Organization . free . 91 .
  6. Web site: WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in Parasitic Diseases - Second Edition: Helminths: Lymphatic filariasis: Diethylcarbamazine. apps.who.int. 8 December 2016. 152. 1995. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161120192136/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2922e/3.5.1.html. 20 November 2016.
  7. Book: Busvine J . Disease Transmission by Insects: Its Discovery and 90 Years of Effort to Prevent it. 2012. Springer Science & Business Media. 9783642457166. 260. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145628/https://books.google.com/books?id=POnvCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA260. 2017-09-10.
  8. Hewitt R, Wallace W . The treatment of ascariasis in dogs with 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride . The Journal of Parasitology . 34 . 3 . 237–239 . June 1948 . 18867399 . 10.2307/3273270 . 43592055 . 3273270 .
  9. Kamath P, Shenoy KA . 2013. Yellapragada Subba Rao: The Unsung Hero. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research. 4. 2. 130–132. 10.4103/0975-9727.118248. 72843672. free.
  10. Book: ((World Health Organization)) . World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 . 2019 . 10665/325771 . World Health Organization . World Health Organization . Geneva . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO . free .
  11. Ottesen EA . Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans . Reviews of Infectious Diseases . 7 . 3 . 341–356 . 1985 . 3895352 . 10.1093/clinids/7.3.341 . Oxford University Press . 4453627 .
  12. Lammie P, Milner T, Houston R . Unfulfilled potential: using diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt to eliminate lymphatic filariasis . Bulletin of the World Health Organization . 85 . 7 . 545–549 . July 2007 . 17768503 . 2636360 . 10.2471/blt.06.034108 .
  13. Web site: 2020-10-26 . Lymphatic Filariasis - Resources for Health Professionals - Guidance for Evaluation and Treatment . 2022-05-06 . U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) .
  14. El-Shahawi GA, Abdel-Latif M, Saad AH, Bahgat M . Setaria equina: in vivo effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on microfilariae in albino rats . Experimental Parasitology . 126 . 4 . 603–610 . December 2010 . 20599991 . 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.022 .

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