Dibromoacetylene Explained

Dibromoacetylene is a molecular chemical compound containing acetylene, with its hydrogen substituted by bromine.

Production

Dibromoacetylene can be made by reacting 1,1,2-tribromoethylene with potassium hydroxide. This method has a danger of causing explosions.[1]

Another way is to react acetylene with phenyl lithium (at −50 °C) to make lithium acetylide, which then reacts with bromine to yield the product.[2]

Yet another way is to react acetylene with sodium hypobromite NaOBr.[3]

Properties

Dibromoacetylene is explosive and sensitive to air.[3] Its appearance is a clear water like liquid. It has a sweetish smell, but makes a white fume in air that then smells like ozone, possibly because it forms ozone.[1] Dibromoacetylene is lachrymatory.[1]

Dibromoacetylene can be polymerised to polydibromoacetylene using catalysts like titanium tetrachloride and triethylaluminium. Polydibromoacetylene is black, electrically conducting, and stable in air to over 200 °C.[3]

The infrared spectrum has absorption at 2185 cm−1 due to symmetrical stretching on the C≡C bond, 832 cm−1 asymmetrical stretch on C-Br bond, 311 cm−1 bending on Z shape BrCC, 267 symmetrical stretch on all bonds, and 167 cm−1 for C-shaped bending.[1]

Reactions

In air dibromoacetylene spontaneously inflames producing black sooty smoke and a red flame. When heated, it explodes, yielding carbon and other substances. A slower reaction with oxygen and water, yields oxalic acid and hydrobromic acid and other bromine containing substances. A reaction with hydrogen iodide yields dibromoiodoethylene.Dibromoacetylene reacts with bromine to yield tetrabromoethene.[4]

Dibromoacetylene reacts with Apiezon L, which is used as a vacuum grease in distillation, so its use is unsuitable with this chemical.[1]

Notes and References

  1. Kloster-Jenson . Else . Preparation and physical characterization of pure hetero and homo dihaloacetylenes . Tetrahedron . 1971 . 27 . 1 . 33–49 . 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92395-6.
  2. Book: Meijere . Armin de . Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations Vol. 24: Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Ketene Acetals and Yne-X Compounds . 2014 . Georg Thieme Verlag . 978-3-13-178171-0 . 1191–1192 . en.
  3. Leben . S. . Janevski . A. . Šebenik . A. . Osredkar . U. . The synthesis and characterization of polydibromoacetylene . Polymer Bulletin . May 1992 . 28 . 3 . 287–292 . 10.1007/BF00294824. 94005740 .
  4. Book: Sartori . Mario . The War Gases Chemistry and Analysis . 1939 . 51 . L. W. MARRISON . D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc. . New York.