Diageo Explained

Diageo plc
Type:Public limited company
Location:London, England
Industry:Drink industry
Products:Alcoholic beverages: spirits, beer and wine
Revenue: £27.89 billion (2024)[1]
Operating Income: £6.001 billion (2024)
Net Income: £4.166 billion (2024)
Equity: £12.07 billion (2024)
Assets: £45.47 billion (2024)
Num Employees:30,000 (2024)[2]
Subsid:United Spirits (55.9%)

Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company, with its headquarters in London, England. It operates from 132 sites around the world. It is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits. Distilleries owned by Diageo produce 40 percent of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands, such as Johnnie Walker, J&B and Old Parr.[3]

Its leading brands include Guinness, Smirnoff, Baileys liqueur, Captain Morgan rum and Tanqueray and Gordon's gin.

Diageo has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

Name

Diageo is an invented name that was created by the branding consultancy Wolff Olins in 1997.[4] The name is composed of the Latin word diēs, meaning "day", and the Greek root geo-, meaning "earth"; and is meant to reference the company slogan "Celebrating Life, Every Day, Everywhere".[5] [6]

History

Formation

Diageo was formed in 1997 from the merger of Guinness plc and Grand Metropolitan. Its creation was driven by the executives Anthony Greener and Philip Yea at Guinness,[7] along with George Bull and John McGrath of Grand Metropolitan.[8] Anthony Greener was the first executive chairman.[9] Shares in Diageo began trading on the London Stock Exchange on 17 December 1997.[10]

Exit from non-core assets

As a legacy of the merger, Diageo owned a number of brands, businesses, and assets which were not in the core alcoholic drinks category. The company has gradually disposed of these assets to focus on beverages as its core business.[11] [12] This included the sale of the Pillsbury Company to General Mills in 2000,[13] and the 2002 sale of the Burger King fast food restaurant chain to a consortium led by US firm Texas Pacific for US$1.5 billion[14]

The predecessor company Grand Metropolitan had been a major owner of hotels, owning what is now Intercontinental Hotels prior to divestment before merging into Diageo,[15] but the company still owned the Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire, which had hosted events including the Ryder Cup and G8 summit. In 2015 Diageo reached an agreement to sell the hotel to the Ennismore Group, already owners of The Hoxton hotels.[16]

In November 2016, Diageo announced its intention of selling at auction Sir Edwin Landseer's iconic 1851 painting The Monarch of the Glen – which the company owned, but which has been on loan to the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh since 1999 – as it has "no direct link to our business or brands",[17] being used on the label of rival brand Glenfiddich,[18] owned by William Grant & Sons. Following a fundraising campaign, the painting was sold to the National Galleries of Scotland for around half its assayed value of £8 million.[19] [20]

Divestment of beer and wine

In 2015, the company made major sales in both the beer and wine categories, selling the Red Stripe beer brand, along with interests in other breweries, and the rights to Guinness in some territories to Heineken,[21] [22] as well as the sale of most of its wine business to Treasury Wine Estates.[23] The separate 2019 sale of the remaining wine brands including Navarro Correas and Chalone Vineyard saw Diageo exit the category.[24]

Whilst Diageo did acquire South African beer producer United National Breweries (UNB) in April 2015 shortly before the Red Stripe sale was made,[25] they divested it again in the second half of 2019.[26]

In December 2023 it was speculated in the media that Diageo would exit from the beer market entirely,[27] potentially including the Guinness brand,[28] but this was denied by the company.[29]

International expansion

The business has grown with purchases of alcohol businesses around the world, including the 2011 part-ownership and 2013 full acquisition of the Chinese baijiu manufacturer Sichuan Shuijingfang Company in China.[30] [31]

The company further acquired Turkish liquor company Mey Icki for US$2.1 billion in 2011,[32] [33] and in 2012 followed this with Brazilian cachaça manufacturer Ypióca for £300 million,[34] and the Indian United Spirits which they acquired a majority stake for £1.28 billion.[35] [36]

Spirit brand acquisition and disposal

The company sold the Bombay Sapphire gin and the John Dewar & Sons, Ltd. company including Aberfeldy, Aultmore, Craigellachie, and Royal Brackla distilleries to Bacardi in 1997 and 1998.[37] [38]

In 2001, Diageo acquired the collapsed Seagram's spirits and wine businesses which included Captain Morgan and Seagram's blended whiskey.[39] The company later disposed of the Seagram's whiskey brand, along with Myers's Rum, Popov vodka, Booth's Gin, Goldschläger, Yukon Jack, Sambuca, and 11 other brands to the Sazerac Company in November 2018 for US$550 million,[40] [41] but kept the Seagram's Seven Crown brand.[42]

Diageo acquired a 50% stake in Don Julio tequila through a joint venture with owner Jose Cuervo, for which they paid US$100 million in 2003.[43] They later obtained full ownership of the brand after agreeing to sell Bushmills Irish whiskey to Proximo Spirits, who had since acquired Jose Cuervo, in exchange for US$408 million and full ownership of the tequila brand.[44]

Diageo formed a relationship with rapper Sean Combs in an "equal-share venture" in 2007 to promote the Cîroc vodka brand,[45] and this led to the joint purchase of the DeLeón Tequila brand in 2013. The partnership was terminated in 2024 after a legal dispute, leaving Diageo the sole owner of both brands.[46]

In March 2016, the company sold Grand Marnier, a cognac and bitter orange-based liqueur, to the Italian beverage company Campari Group.[47]

In June 2017, the Casamigos tequila brand – a US-based tequila, launched in 2013 was acquired by Diageo.[48]

In September 2022, Diageo sold Archers brand to De Kuyper Royal Distillers.[49]

In November 2022, it was announced that Diageo would acquire Balcones Distilling, a whiskey distiller based in Texas.[50]

In October 2023, Diageo sold Windsor Global, which owns blended Scotch brand Windsor, to private equity firm PT W Co of South Korea, sponsored by the Pine Tree Investment & Management Co.[51]

In February 2024, a report claimed Diageo was looking to sell the brands Pimm's, Safari and Pampero Rum.[52] Both Safari and Pampero rum were sold in July 2024.[53] [54]

Expansions and investments

In June 2012, Diageo announced a £1 billion investment in Scotch whisky production over the following five years, with at least one new distillery to be constructed, several existing facilities to be expanded, and overall production capacity to be increased by 30 to 40 per cent.[55] [56]

In December 2015, Diageo announced a US$10 million investment in Danish whisky brand Stauning, to facilitate expansion of production.[57]

In February 2017, Diageo announced plans to open a Guinness brewery and tourist attraction in Baltimore County, Maryland.[58] The brewery could potentially host as many as 300,000 visitors per year.[59]

In October 2021, Diageo announced plans to invest $500m to expand its manufacturing in Mexico for the tequila category. Construction of the new facilities in Jalisco, Mexico is expected to begin in 2021.[60]

Diageo announced plans to build a €200 million brewery in Newbridge in July 2022. In February 2024, High Court proceedings were lodged against An Bord Pleanála by an Athy resident opposing the decision to approve the project.[61] After mediation talks with Diageo, the challenge was withdrawn in April.[62]

Non-alcoholic expansion

In August 2019, Diageo bought the majority stake in Seedlip, a non-alcoholic spirits brand.[63]

In October 2022, it was announced Diageo had acquired the Australian cold brew coffee liqueur brand, Mr Black.[64]

Corporate changes

In March 2023, it was announced that Debra Crew would succeed Sir Ivan Menezes as CEO of the company.[65] Crew started her role a month ahead of plan after Menezes died on 7 June 2023.[66]

In May 2023, it was announced that Diageo has provided funding to establish the British Aluminium Consortium for Advance Alloys (BACALL), a collective of industry experts who will create a circular economy in the UK.[67]

Controversies and legal issues

Criticism

In December 2003, Diageo provoked controversy over its decision to change its Cardhu brand Scotch whisky from a single malt to a blended malt whilst retaining the original name and bottle style. Diageo took this action because it did not have sufficient reserves to meet demand in the Spanish market, where Cardhu had been successful. After a meeting of producers, Diageo agreed to make changes.[68] In 2006, the Cardhu brand changed back to being a single malt.[69]

In May 2012, Scottish craft brewery BrewDog revealed that Diageo had threatened to withdraw funding from the British Institute of Innkeeping Scotland's annual awards if BrewDog was to be named winner of the Best Bar Operator award. Diageo was forced to issue an apology.[70] [71] [72]

In March 2015, Diageo released an advertising campaign showing a young woman crying after a night out, as an older woman, likely her mother, looks at her from the doorway, and the caption, "Who's following in your footsteps? Out of control drinking has consequences". The ad probably implied that the girl had been assaulted on the way home, as a result of her drinking that night. The director of Rape Crisis Network Ireland said Diageo "blames victims of sexual violence for the crimes that have been committed against them. This is a harmful, regressive and hurtful message which targets the vulnerable."[73]

Factory closures and moves

In July 2009, Diageo announced that, after nearly 200 years of association with the town of Kilmarnock, Scotland, they would be closing the Johnnie Walker blending and bottling plant[74] as part of a restructuring to the business with work moved to Diageos other two sites in Shieldhall and Leven.[75] This would make 700 workers unemployed and caused outrage from the press, local people, and politicians. A campaign against this decision was launched by the local SNP MSP Willie Coffey and Labour MP Des Browne. A petition was drawn up against the plans, which also involved the closure of the historic Port Dundas grain distillery in Glasgow.[76] The Johnnie Walker plant in Kilmarnock closed its doors in March 2012 and the buildings were subsequently demolished a year later.[77]

In April 2011, the National Puerto Rican Coalition planned to run a series of ads in New York City and Puerto Rico urging a boycott of Diageo-owned alcoholic drinks to protest the corporation's production move of its Captain Morgan rum from Puerto Rico to the U.S. Virgin Islands,[78] which will provide it with US$2.7 billion in tax benefits over 30 years.[79]

Regulatory issues

In August 2011, Diageo agreed to pay more than US$16 million to settle U.S. civil regulatory charges that it made improper payments to foreign officials. Regulators accused the British company of violating the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act through its subsidiaries to obtain lucrative sales and tax benefits for its Johnnie Walker and Windsor Scotch whiskies and other brands.[80]

In January 2020, Diageo agreed to pay US$5 million to settle charges brought by the US Securities and Exchange Commission that alleged the company had pressured distributors to buy products in excess of demand in order to hit performance goals.[81] [82]

Brands

Diageo's beverage brands include:[83]

Worldwide

Diageo operates in 180 countries across five regions: Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia Pacific and Africa.[91]

Awards and rankings

In 2016, Diageo was ranked 11th out of 4,255 companies worldwide for diversity and inclusiveness in the Thomson Reuters Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Index.[92]

In June 2023, the company's subsidiary, Mortlach distillery in Moray, Scotland, was awarded the “Whisky of the Year” prize in the annual International Whisky Competition for its Gordon & MacPhail Connoisseurs Choice 1989 Mortlach single malt Scotch.[93]

Operations

Diageo also owns a 34% stake in the Moet Hennessy drinks division of French luxury goods company LVMH.[94]

In 2017, the company was awarded top place in the Institute of Directors' and Chartered Quality Institute's Good Governance Index.[95]

Head office

Diageo's head office is in Great Marlborough Street, London after moving from its previous location in Park Royal, London Borough of Brent,[96] on the site of a former Guinness brewery[97] which had closed in 2004 after producing beer since 1936.[98] Diageo's previous head office facility had been located in Henrietta Place, in the Marylebone district of the City of Westminster in London, since 1996. In 2009, Diageo announced that it was closing the Henrietta Place facility as part of a cost reduction programme and moved its employees to the Park Royal site.[99]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Annual Report 2024 (Form 20-F). US Securities and Exchange Commission. 1 August 2024. 2 August 2024.
  2. Web site: Our business model. Diageo. 11 February 2024. 10 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231210163526/https://www.diageo.com/en/our-business/our-business-model. live.
  3. Web site: 17 May 2018 . A Comprehensive Yet Concise History of Scotch Whisky . 25 December 2019 . Bespoke Unit . 1 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210201173739/https://bespokeunit.com/whisky/history/ . live .
  4. Web site: Diageo Case Study. 6 June 2012. Wolff Olins. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130120163413/http://wolffolins.com/work/diageo. 20 January 2013.
  5. Web site: History of Diageo . Drinks.ng . August 2016 . 18 December 2019 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104350/https://drinks.ng/history-of-diageo/ . live .
  6. Web site: Guinness' new name gets shareholder thumbs . The Independent . 23 October 2011 . 6 June 2012 . 8 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044920/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/guinness-new-name-gets-shareholder-thumbs-down-1296537.html . live .
  7. Web site: Diageo . Grace's Guide . 11 December 2019 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104349/https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Diageo . live .
  8. Web site: Profile: John McGrath – The Man Who'll Mix The Drinks . The Independent . 22 October 2011 . 11 December 2019 . 16 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200616154118/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/profile-john-mcgrath-the-man-wholl-mix-the-drinks-1262146.html . live .
  9. Web site: A liquid lunch . Forbes . 11 December 2019 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104357/https://www.forbes.com/forbes/1999/0920/6407144a.html . live .
  10. Web site: Diageo's drinks are best left on the shelf . The Independent . 10 December 2019.
  11. News: 19 August 2002. Diageo cleared to sell Burger King . Beverage Daily.
  12. News: Investors Agree to Buy Burger King From Diageo for $2.26 Billion . New York Times . C5 . Sherri . Day . 26 July 2002 . 17 January 2024 . 17 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221217002029/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/26/business/us-investors-agree-to-buy-burger-king-from-diageo-for-2.26-billion.html?pagewanted=1 . live .
  13. Web site: Diageo to Confirm Pillsbury Deal . The Guardian . 17 July 2000 . 11 December 2019 . 18 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418153724/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/jul/17/7 . live .
  14. News: Diageo sells Burger King . The Irish Times . 11 December 2019 . 5 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230605100738/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/diageo-sells-burger-king-chain-for-1-5bn-1.451895 . live .
  15. News: Sanger . David E. . Times . Special To the New York . 1988-10-01 . COMPANY NEWS; Japanese Purchase Of Inter-Continental Set for $2.27 Billion . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-01-27 . 0362-4331 . 16 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231116084213/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/01/business/company-news-japanese-purchase-of-inter-continental-set-for-2.27-billion.html . live .
  16. News: 2 July 2015 . Gleneagles Hotel and golf resort sold by Diageo . BBC News . 17 January 2024 . 17 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117100759/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-33342626 . live .
  17. "Iconic Scottish painting The Monarch of the Glen to be sold". BBC. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  18. News: Schiffer . Jessica . 1 November 2021 . 6 Things You Didn't Know About Glenfiddich . Forbes.
  19. Web site: 16 February 2017 . Campaign to raise funds for Monarch of the Glen painting . 16 February 2017 . BBC . 26 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126094042/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-38994055 . live .
  20. News: Brown . Mark . 17 March 2017 . Monarch of the Glen saved from auction block after £4m fundraising drive . The Guardian.
  21. News: 9 October 2015 . Heineken Acquires Red Stripe Beer from Diageo . Beverage Dynamics.
  22. News: Megaw . Nicholas . 7 October 2015 . Diageo focuses operations with £515m assets sale to Heineken . Financial Times . 17 January 2024 . 17 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117113514/https://www.ft.com/content/4ba90866-6ce9-11e5-aca9-d87542bf8673 . live .
  23. Web site: TWE to acquire Diageo's Wine Business For $600 Million . Shanken News Daily . 14 October 2015 . 11 December 2019 . 24 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160924074201/http://www.shankennewsdaily.com/index.php/2015/10/14/13535/twe-to-acquire-diageos-wine-business-for-600-million/ . live .
  24. Web site: Foley Family Wines Buys Chalone Vineyards . WineSpectator.com . 11 December 2019 . 15 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180515224710/http://www.winespectator.com/webfeature/show/id/52727 . live .
  25. Web site: Diageo to get control of United National Breweries . Diageo Plc . 11 December 2019 . 27 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211027203715/https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/diageo-to-acquire-control-of-united-national-breweries/ . live .
  26. Web site: Diageo sells United National Breweries in South Africa . Diageo Plc . 11 December 2019 . 30 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211130095522/https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/diageo-sells-united-national-breweries-in-south-africa/ . live .
  27. News: 6 December 2023 . Diageo Seeking To Divest Remaining Beer Portfolio After Margin Concerns . Hospitality Ireland . 17 January 2024 . 17 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117113515/https://www.hospitalityireland.com/drinks/diageo-seeking-to-divest-remaining-beer-portfolio-after-margin-concerns-202207 . live .
  28. News: Beeson . James . 7 December 2023 . Why would Diageo look to exit beer entirely – including Guinness? . The Grocer . 17 January 2024 . 23 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240223204729/https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/alcohol/why-would-diageo-look-to-exit-beer-entirely-including-guinness/686090.article . live .
  29. News: McCashin . Christian . 7 December 2023 . Diageo Insists It Is Sticking With Niche Beer Brands . Business Plus.
  30. Web site: Close of partial tender offer for shares in Sichuan Shuijingfang Company Limited . Diageo Plc . 11 December 2019 . 8 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220208075925/https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/close-of-the-partial-tender-offer-for-shares-in-sichuan-shuijingfang-company-limited/ . live .
  31. Web site: Diageo proposes upping stake in Shui Jing Fang Baijui Company . The Drinks Business . 27 February 2019 . 12 December 2019 . 18 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231018110656/https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2019/02/diageo-proposes-upping-stake-in-shui-jing-fang-baiju-company/ . live .
  32. Web site: Diageo in $2.1 Billion Deal for Turkish Liquor Maker . The New York Times . 21 February 2011 . 11 December 2019 . 17 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220617082238/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/diageo-to-buy-turkeys-mey-icki-for-2-1-billion/ . live .
  33. Web site: Diageo's Turkish delight at raki swoop . The Scotsman . 6 June 2012 . 3 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005745/https://www.scotsman.com/business/diageo-s-turkish-delight-at-raki-swoop-1-1502201 . live .
  34. Web site: Diageo gets the taste for a cocktail with Brazilian . The Independent . 29 May 2012 . 31 May 2012 . 5 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051107/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/diageo-gets-the-taste-for-a-cocktail-with-brazilian-spirit-7799805.html . live .
  35. News: Diageo buys majority stake in India's United Spirits . BBC News . 9 November 2012 . 10 November 2012 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104359/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20267619 . live .
  36. News: Diageo does $2.1 billion deal for India's United Spirits . Reuters . 9 November 2012 . 10 November 2012 . Davies . Sumeet Chatterjee . 5 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-unitedspirits-diageo-idUKBRE8A712E20121109 . live .
  37. Web site: G&J Distillers Warrington . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151208041747/http://www.grovesandwhitnall.co.uk/gj-distillers-warrington/ . 2015-12-08 . 2013-11-05.
  38. News: 1998-03-31 . INTERNATIONAL BRIEFS; Diageo Sells Dewar's And Bombay to Bacardi . 2023-02-26 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331 . Associated Press . 26 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230226191233/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/31/business/international-briefs-diageo-sells-dewar-s-and-bombay-to-bacardi.html . live .
  39. Web site: Diageo in 2001 – Seagram's Acquisition sees Crown royal and Captain Morgan join Diageo's brands . 11 December 2019 . Diageo plc . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104353/https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/features/diageo-in-2001-seagram-s-acquisition-sees-crown-royal-and-captain-morgan-join-diageo-s-brands . live .
  40. Web site: Diageo sells portfolio of brands to Sazerac . Diageo Plc . 12 December 2019 . 28 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220628062516/https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/diageo-sells-portfolio-of-brands-to-sazerac/ . live .
  41. News: Diageo Sells Seagram's VO to Sazerac in $550 Million Deal . Bloomberg . 12 November 2018 . 12 November 2018 . 7 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201107205650/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-12/diageo-sells-seagram-s-vo-and-others-to-sazerac-for-550-million . live .
  42. News: Geller. Muvija M, Martinne. 2018-11-12. Diageo to sell 19 brands to U.S.-based Sazerac for $550 million. en. Reuters. 2021-08-10. 14 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231014035955/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-diageo-divestment-idUSKCN1NH0M0. live.
  43. Web site: Diageo Turns to Tequila For Its Next Buy . City A.M . 20 March 2011 . 11 December 2019 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104358/https://www.cityam.com/diageo-turns-tequila-its-next-buy/ . live .
  44. News: Diageo Gets Full Control of Don Julio in Swap for Bushmills . Bloomberg . 3 November 2014 . 23 December 2014 . 11 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150111204609/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-03/diageo-to-trade-bushmills-whiskey-for-full-control-of-don-julio.html . live .
  45. News: 30 October 2009 . Diageo Turns to Dutch, Diddy Partnerships for Vodka Expansion . . Andrew . Cleary . 1 May 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151558/https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aJC.eTdMO4vk . 24 September 2015.
  46. News: 17 January 2024 . Diddy and drinks giant Diageo settle dispute over tequila . BBC News . 17 January 2024 . 17 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117093239/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-68002039 . live .
  47. Web site: Gruppo Campari to buy brandy brand Grand Marnier. 15 March 2016. FT.com. 6 July 2016. 28 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160628022134/https://next.ft.com/content/a14d5f5f-70a0-3bcc-9520-388fe08f867c. live.
  48. News: Guinness plans to brew in America again, for the first time in six decades . The Washington Post . 11 December 2019 . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001223834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/food/wp/2017/01/31/guinness-plans-to-brew-in-america-again-for-the-first-time-in-six-decades/ . live .
  49. Web site: Mason . Jessica . 2022-09-08 . Diageo sells Archers brand to De Kuyper Royal Distillers . 2023-02-05 . The Drinks Business . en-US . 5 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230205113002/https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2022/09/diageo-sells-archers-brand-to-de-kuyper-royal-distillers/ . live .
  50. Web site: Diageo Purchases Super-Premium Texas Craft Distiller Balcones Distilling. Vine Pair. 2 November 2022. 2 November 2022. 2 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221102163947/https://vinepair.com/booze-news/diageo-acquires-balcones-distilling/. live.
  51. Web site: Carruthers . Nicola . 2023-10-30 . Diageo sells Windsor whisky arm . 2023-10-30 . The Spirits Business . en-US . 30 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231030111259/https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2023/10/diageo-sells-windsor-whisky-arm/ . live .
  52. Web site: 2023-10-30 . Diageo looks for Pampero, Pimm’s, Safari buyer – report . 2024-07-10 . Drinks Intel . en-US .
  53. Web site: 2023-10-30 . Diageo offloads Safari liqueur to Portugal’s Casa Redondo . 2024-07-19 . Just Drinks . en-US .
  54. Web site: 2023-10-30 . Diageo sells Pampero rum to Gruppo Montenegro. 2024-07-19 . Just Drinks . en-US .
  55. Web site: Diageo's £1bn Shot into Malt Whisky . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/9313204/Diageos-1bn-shot-into-malt-whisky.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live . The Telegraph . 11 December 2019.
  56. News: Scotch whisky firm, Diageo, to invest £1bn . BBC News . 6 June 2012 . 6 June 2012 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104357/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-18336994 . live .
  57. Web site: Diageo invests £10m in Stauning Danish whisky . 20 February 2019 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825104404/https://drinksint.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/5777/Diageo_invests__A310m_in_Stauning_Danish_whisky.html . live .
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