GrassMaster explained

GrassMaster is a hybrid grass sports playing field surface composed of natural grass combined with artificial fibres. The method was developed and patented by Desso Sports from the Netherlands in 1993. This hybrid grass system is now marketed and further developed by Tarkett Sports after a takeover of Desso Sports and has since been re-branded as GrassMaster.

Technology

GrassMaster reinforces a natural grass pitch by vertically inserting 20 million polypropylene (PP) fibres into the soil equally spread over the entire playing field. The 20cm (10inches) long PP fibres are injected by computer-controlled machines, 18cm (07inches) deep so 2cm (01inches) remains above the surface.[1] The PP fibres are inserted in a grid of about NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches). The grass roots entwine with the fibres and grow deeper and wider.[2] The PP fibres above the surface are designed to ensure an even and stable surface. GrassMaster may be installed before seeding, after seeding or on grass sods.[3]

Major installations

StadiumClub SportCountry
Ashton Gate StadiumBristol City and Bristol BearsAssociation football and rugby unionEngland
Prenton ParkTranmere Rovers F.C.Association footballEngland
Villa Park[|[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]|Association football|align="left"| England|-|St James’ Park|Newcastle United|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Elland Road|Leeds United|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Hillsborough[4] [5] |Sheffield Wednesday|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Camp Nou|FC Barcelona|Association football|align="left"| Spain|-|Luminus Arena|KRC Genk|Association football|align="left"| Belgium|-|San Siro|Inter Milan and AC Milan|Association football|align="left"| Italy|-|Stade Marcel Picot|AS Nancy|Association football|France|-|King Abdullah Sports City|Ittihad FC and Al-Ahli Saudi FC|Association football|align="left"| Saudi Arabia|-|Mapei Stadium|US Sassuolo Calcio|Association football|align="left"| Italy|-|Goodison Park|Everton|Association football|align="left"| England |-|Stade Marcel-Michelin|ASM Clermont Auvergne|Rugby union|align="left"| France|-|CNFE Clairefontaine|French Football Federation|Association football|align="left"| France|-|Anfield|Liverpool|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Selhurst Park|Crystal Palace|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Carrow Road|Norwich City|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Parc des Princes|Paris Saint-Germain|Association football|align="left"| France|-|Stade de Roudourou|En Avant Guingamp|Association football|align="left"| France|-|Stade Louis II|AS Monaco|Association football|align="left"| Monaco|-|Stade Océane|Le Havre|Association football|align="left"| France|-|Stade de France[6] |France|Association football and other events|align="left"| France|-|Stade Francis-Le Blé|Stade Brestois 29|Association football|align="left"| France|-|Stade Auguste-Delaune|Stade de Reims|Association football|align="left"| France|-|Estádio Parque São Jorge|Corinthians|Association football|align="left"| Brazil|-|Neo Química Arena|Corinthians|Association football|align="left"| Brazil|-|Arena do Grêmio[7] |Grêmio|Association football|align="left"| Brazil|-|King Power Stadium[8] |Leicester City|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Twickenham Stadium|Rugby Football Union|Rugby union|align="left"| England|-|Emirates Stadium[9] |Arsenal|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Kirklees Stadium|Huddersfield Town and
Huddersfield Giants|Association football and
rugby league|align="left"| England|-|Celtic Park|Celtic|Association football|align="left"| Scotland|-|Leigh Sports Village|Leigh[10] |Rugby league|align="left"| England|-|Etihad Stadium|Manchester City[11] |Association football|align="left"| England|-|Old Trafford[12] |Manchester United|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Trafford Training Centre[13] |Manchester United|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Adams Park|Wycombe Wanderers
(and formerly Wasps)|Association football
(and formerly rugby union)|align="left"| England|-|Vicarage Road[14] |Watford
(and formerly Saracens)|Association football
(and formerly rugby union)|align="left"| England|-|Wembley Stadium[15] |England|Association football and other events|align="left"| England|-|Aviva Stadium|Ireland national rugby union team and
Republic of Ireland national football team|Rugby union and
association football|align="left"| Ireland|-|Stadion Galgenwaard|Utrecht|Association football|align="left"| Netherlands|-|Euroborg|FC Groningen|Association football|align="left"| Netherlands|-|AFAS Stadion|AZ Alkmaar|Association football|align="left"| Netherlands|-|Sportpark De Toekomst|AFC Ajax |Association football|align="left"| Netherlands|-|Forsyth Barr Stadium[16] |Highlanders|Rugby union|align="left"| New Zealand|-|Lerkendal Stadion|Rosenborg|Association football|align="left"| Norway|-|Arena Khimki|Khimki|Association football|align="left"| Russia|-|Mbombela Stadium|2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa|Association football|align="left"| South Africa|-|Peter Mokaba Stadium|2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa|Association football|align="left"| South Africa|-|Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium|2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa and
South Africa Sevens|Association football and
rugby sevens|align="left"| South Africa|-|Lincoln Financial Field|Philadelphia Eagles|American football|align="left"| United States|-|Lambeau Field|Green Bay Packers|American football|align="left"| United States|-|Liberty Stadium[17] |Swansea City and
Ospreys|Association football and
rugby union|align="left"| Wales|-|Millennium Stadium[18] |Welsh Rugby Union
|Rugby union
(also Welsh international association football)|align="left"| Wales|-|Cardiff City Stadium[19] |Cardiff City
(and formerly Cardiff Blues)|Association football
(and formerly rugby union)|align="left"| Wales|-|National Stadium, Singapore|Singapore national football team|Rugby union and association football|align="left"| Singapore|-|Rodney Parade|Dragons
Newport County
Newport RFC|Rugby union and association football|align="left"| Wales|-|Volkswagen Arena|VfL Wolfsburg|Association football|align="left"| Germany|-|Metalist Stadium|Metalist Kharkiv|Association football|align="left"| Ukraine|-|Donbass Arena|Shakhtar Donetsk|Association football|align="left"| Ukraine|-|Central City Stadium|National Team of Kazakhstan|Association football|align="left"| Kazakhstan|-

|Murrayfield|Edinburgh Rugby and
Scotland|Rugby union|align="left"| Scotland|-|Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi|Hellas Verona and Chievo Verona|Association football|align="left"| Italy|-|Lokomotiv Stadium|FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Association football|align="left"| Russia|-|Kazan Arena|FC Rubin Kazan|Association football|align="left"| Russia|-|Estadio de la Cerámica|Villareal CF|Association football|align="left"| Spain|-|Melbourne City Football Academy|Melbourne City FC|Association football|align="left"| Australia|-|Ooredoo Training Centre|Paris Saint-Germain|Association football|align="left"| France|-|St Georges Park| National Football Centre FA|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Bramall Lane[20] |Sheffield United|Association football|align="left"| England|-|Imam Reza Stadium|Padideh F.C.|Association football|align="left"| Iran|-|Cairo International Stadium|Egyptian national football team and Zamalek|Association football|align="left"| Egypt|-|El Sekka El Hadid Stadium|El Sekka El Hadid SC|Association football|align="left"| Egypt|-|Misr Stadium|Egypt national football team|Association football|align="left"| Egypt|-|Vodafone Park|Beşiktaş J.K.|Association football|align="left"| Turkey|-|Bashundhara Kings Arena|Bashundhara Kings|Association football|align="left"| Bangladesh|-|-|Darius and Girėnas Stadium|FK Kauno ŽalgirisLithuania national football team|Association football|align="left"| Lithuania|-|-|Brisbane Road|Leyton Orient|Association football|align="left"| England|-|-|The Valley|Charlton Athletic|Association football|align="left"| England|}

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Oldenkotte . Guy . Hybrid fields discussed - By Guy Oldenkotte . 9 December 2022 . 2 September 2020 . 9 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221209231051/https://sportsfields.info/hybrid-fields/ . live .
  2. Anderson . F. D. . Fleming . P. . Sherratt . P. . Severn . K. . Design and Development of a Novel Natural Turf Shear Stability Tester . Procedia Engineering . 1 January 2016 . 147 . 842–847 . 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.293 . en . 1877-7058. free .
  3. Web site: Home - GrassMaster Solutions. grassmastersolutions.com. 2019-04-03. 2019-04-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403195702/https://www.grassmastersolutions.com/en. live.
  4. News: Sheffield Wednesday: Work continues on Desso pitch. 23 April 2019. 23 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190423200620/https://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/owls/sheffield-wednesday-work-continues-on-desso-pitch-1-7279480. live.
  5. News: VIDEO: Sheffield Wednesday on track with new state-of-the-art pitch. 23 April 2019. 23 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190423200916/https://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/sheffield-wednesday/latest-owls-news/video-sheffield-wednesday-on-track-with-new-state-of-the-art-pitch-1-7258862. dead.
  6. News: Le Stade de France choisit Tarkett Sports et sa technologie Desso GrassMaster. Paris. dessosports. https://web.archive.org/web/20160810041815/http://www.dessosports.com/fr/nouvelles/le-stade-de-france-choisit-tarkett-sports-et-sa-technologie-desso-grassmaster. 2016-08-10. dead.
  7. News: High-tech hybrid grass for Grêmio Arena. Porto Alegre (RS,Brazil). GFPA. https://web.archive.org/web/20130606193245/http://www.dessosports.com/sports/football/football-projects/gremio-brazil. 2013-06-06. dead.
  8. News: Pitch Refurbishment Underway. Leicester. LCFC. https://web.archive.org/web/20110530043554/http://www.lcfc.com/page/LatestNews/0,,10274~2367973,00.html. 2011-05-30. dead.
  9. News: How Arsenal have put Wembley in the shade. London. The Times. 2010-09-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20100923040127/http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/pdfs/sport/surfacetension.pdf. live.
  10. Web site: LSV beats the big freeze!. December 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110819231615/http://leighsportsvillage.co.uk/news_detail_from_leigh_sports_village.php?news_id=199. August 19, 2011. dead.
  11. Web site: Manchester City inaugurates brand new stadium. May 17, 2007. February 7, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120207164523/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=106750. live.
  12. News: Parsons. Tom. Pitch battle prompts Manchester United to switch to new surface. 7 June 2014. Inside World Football. 5 June 2013. 7 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070943/http://www.insideworldfootball.com/world-football/europe/12657-pitch-battle-prompts-manchester-united-to-switch-to-new-surface. dead.
  13. News: Louis van Gaal: New Manchester United manager orders club to rip up training ground pitches before his arrival. 7 June 2014. The Independent. 7 June 2014. 31 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160331183537/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/louis-van-gaal-new-manchester-united-manager-orders-club-to-rip-up-training-ground-pitches-before-9506510.html. live.
  14. Web site: Pitch relay news Desso is go. July 11, 2012. London. WatfordFC.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20120712145415/http://www.watfordfc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10400~2839021,00.html. July 12, 2012. dead.
  15. News: The Wembley pitch. London. FATV. 2013-12-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20131216063934/http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/Wembley/NewsandFeatures/2011/Desso-Installed. live.
  16. News: Dunedin's hi-tech stadium open for business. New Zealand. tvnz. 2012-01-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20120111120249/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/dunedin-s-hi-tech-stadium-open-business-4339941. live.
  17. Web site: Liberty Stadium Pitch - Official Stadium Website. 2009-05-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20110809141325/http://www.liberty-stadium.com/liberty_stadium_intro_pitch.php. 2011-08-09. dead.
  18. News: Millennium Stadium to have new hybrid playing surface. BBC Sport. 23 May 2014. 13 February 2018. 26 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181026075103/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/27546326. live.
  19. Web site: Cardiff City Stadium, Home of Cardiff City FC. cardiffcitystadium.co.uk. 2019-04-03. 2019-04-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403220007/https://cardiffcitystadium.co.uk/?view=article&catid=8%3Anews&id=107%3Amarch-go-desso&option=com_content&Itemid=48. live.
  20. News: A new pitch for the Blades. 29 April 2019. 24 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123308/http://www.sufc.co.uk/news/article/sheffield-united-bramall-lane-2459910.aspx. live.

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