| Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester | |
| City: | Manchester, United Kingdom |
The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at The University of Manchester is one of the oldest earth and environmental science departments in the UK. The Department takes roughly 100 new undergraduates and 140 postgraduates each year, and employs 90 members of academic staff, 41 postdoctoral researchers, 27 technical staff and 20 administrative staff.[1]
The formal study and advanced teaching of Geology began at Owens College, the precursor of the University, in 1851. At that time, W. C. Williamson was appointed as Professor of Natural History, a post which included botany and zoology as well as geology.[2] Williamson had previously worked as Curator at the Manchester Museum from 1835–38, which was eventually incorporated into Owens College and relocated to the current Oxford Road museum site. In 1880 the Victoria University of Manchester received its Royal Charter, and William Boyd Dawkins was at this time teaching geology and paleontology. Williamson held the post of Chair of Botany at the Victoria University of Manchester until 1892 at the time of his resignation, as geology had been established separately in 1872 and zoology in 1879. William Boyd Dawkins took the Chair of Geology in 1872, and in 1880 Arthur Milnes Marshall became the Chair of Zoology.[3]
The Honours School in Geology and Mineralogy was established in 1881, and in 1887, new laboratories (the Beyer Laboratories) were opened to provide facilities for the Departments of Botany, Geology and Zoology. At the same time, the new Manchester Museum opened its present site on Oxford Road.[4]
At the beginning of the 20th Century, Marie Stopes was probably the most famous member of academic staff in the geosciences, as a paleobotanist and the first female member of academic staff at the University. The years spanning the First World War saw upheavals and many staff changes in order to ensure continued provision and research at the University. Similarly, the Second World War restricted the capabilities and resources of the University, despite continued research and teaching. Research groups were founded and developed primarily after the war years.
In 1960, Fred Broadhurst, leading a first year paleontology field course to Robin Hood’s Bay, found ‘a complete skeleton of a fossil Plesiosaurus which was later excavated and brought back to Manchester and exhibited’. The fossil was affectionately named ‘Percy’. The finding and excavation of ‘Percy’ is mentioned several times in Geology at the University of Manchester.[5] Percy is still on display in the Manchester Museum.
Also In 1960, the Williamson building, designed by Harry M Fairhurst with artwork by sculptor Lynn Chadwick - the Manchester Sun mural, became the site for the departments of geology, botany and zoology.[6] The Department’s heritage information states that, ‘In the 1990s botany and zoology moved out to join the new School of Biological Sciences, allowing room for geology to expand and develop new facilities’.[7] As of 2001, the Williamson Building features a mural, in room G16 by palaeoartist Bob Nicholls, and in 2016 a life size cast of the Theropod dinosaur Gorgosaurus was mounted in the Department foyer.Substantially more space for Geology followed from the UGC Earth Science Review recommendations in 1988. Space in the basement and at ground-floor level accommodated new laboratories for rock deformation, isotope geochemistry and cosmochemistry, and mineral sciences. At first-floor level, laboratories for analysis of rock powders and solutions were established.[8]
In 2004 the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form The University of Manchester, and the disciplines of geology, environmental science and atmospheric science were brought together. At this time, the School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences was created. In 2017 the School was renamed to the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and incorporated several research staff from biological sciences. In 2019, the School became the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences within a much larger School of Natural Sciences after Faculty restructure.[9] New funding for the William Research Centre in 2001 contributed to geomicrobiological laboratories. Research in sedimentology and basin studies was developed with computer imaging hardware, and isotope research further enhanced with the centre established in 2004.[10]
One of the first research groups to be established at the University of Manchester was in experimental petrology in the late 1950s.[11] W. S. MacKenzie instigated the creation of the first UK petrology lab at The University of Manchester.[11] Research achievements historically have included:
Research groups make use of state of the art research facilities. The Department is associated with several research centres and institutes including:
A spinout company, Salamander Group,[14] works on developing technology to enable continuous environmental monitoring in UK water and gas industries.
The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences currently conduct research encompassed by three particular themes: Life on Earth, Environment and Society and Earth and Planetary Science. Within the themes particular areas of expertise are situated:
Research in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences has been funded by NERC (Natural Environment Research Council), STFC (Science Technologies Facilities Council), EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council), European Commission, European Research Council, as well as private industrial organisations.