Dennis Lo Explained

Dennis Yuk Ming Lo[1]
Native Name Lang:zh-hk
Honorific Suffix:,, [2]
Birth Date:12 October 1963[3]
Birth Place:British Hong Kong[4]
Field:Molecular biology
Work Institution:Chinese University of Hong Kong
University of Oxford
Education:University of Oxford (DPhil, DM)
University of Cambridge (MA)
Doctoral Advisor:Kenneth Anthony Fleming
Thesis Title:Genetic analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood
Thesis Year:1994
Thesis Url:https://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/permalink/f/89vilt/oxfaleph015886280
Known For:Non-invasive prenatal testing
Liquid biopsy
Cell-free fetal DNA detection in blood plasma
Prizes:King Faisal Prize in Medicine (2014)
Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2021)
Royal Medal (2021)
Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award (2022)
Spouse:Alice Siu Ling Wong
T:盧煜明
S:卢煜明
J:Lou4 Juk1 Ming4
Y:Lòuh Yūk Mìhng

Dennis Yuk Ming Lo (born 12 October 1963) is a Hong Kong molecular biologist, and an important contributor to the development of non-invasive prenatal testing. He is the current Associate Dean (Research) and Li Ka Shing Professor of Medicine at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), as well as the head of the Department of Chemical Pathology of CUHK and the director of the Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences.[1] His research focuses on the detection of cell-free fetal DNA in blood plasma.[5]

Early life and education

Lo was born in Hong Kong in 1963.[4] His mother taught music and his father, Wai-hoi Lo,[6] who immigrated from Chaozhou to Hong Kong in 1946,[7] [8] was a psychiatrist and the former head of Castle Peak Hospital.[9] He also has a younger brother.[10]

Lo attended St Joseph's College for primary and secondary schools.[7] After secondary school, he was accepted by Stanford University for electrical engineering and by the University of Hong Kong and University of Cambridge for medicine. He selected medicine and decided to study abroad.[7] In 1983, at the age of 20, Lo arrived at Cambridge, where he spent 2 years to complete preclinical medical training and a BA degree, and studied genetic cloning in his third.[8] [11]

In 1986,[11] he moved to the University of Oxford for his clinical training, in part, he claimed, thanks to Christopher Wren's architectural works at Oxford.[7] [8] Lo was at Christ Church College during this period.[7] [12]

He first completed his BM BCh in 1989, and then a DPhil (during which he was at Hertford College) in 1994 and DM in 2001, all at Oxford.[11] He was also a junior research fellow in natural sciences at Hertford College between 1990 and 1993, and the Wellcome Career Development Fellow in Clinical Medicine from 1993 to 1994.[3]

Career

Lo began his research career studying polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a molecular biological technique for rapidly generating millions of copies of a desired DNA sequence. He first heard about the technique at a lecture by John Bell, now Regius Professor of Medicine, at Oxford, and asked to learn the technique from Bell.[7] [8] [13] Working with Kenneth Anthony Fleming, his future PhD advisor, Lo found the relatively new technique generated a lot of false positives due to contamination.[14]

Lo then wondered if fetal DNA was detectable in mother's blood. Using PCR, he detected the Y chromosome in a mother bearing a baby boy.[15] During his PhD, Lo wanted to develop his research into prenatal diagnostic test, using fetal DNA from fetal cells in the mother's blood. This, however, was stymied by a number of factors, including low concentration of fetal cells, high false positive rate and the persistence of fetal cells after giving birth.[7] [8]

After obtaining his PhD, Lo became a lecturer in clinical biochemistry and a fellow at Green College, University of Oxford (now part of Green Templeton College).[3] [11] He was also an honorary consultant chemical pathologist at John Radcliffe Hospital, the major teaching hospital for Oxford.[16] [17]

In 1997, again using the Y chromosome as a marker in mothers bearing baby boys, Lo reported the presence of cell-free fetal DNA in most of the test subjects.[18] This was after he read that circulating tumor DNA were detectable in cancer patients' blood plasma and switched strategy to search for cell-free fetal DNA in mother's blood.[7]

Lo, who by the time was married, returned to Hong Kong the same year with his wife, as the city was preparing its handing back to China. He became a senior lecturer in the Department of Chemical Pathology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) in January 1997.[8] In an interview years later, he called this discovery was like "finding your car's engine somewhere other than under the bonnet."[19]

One of the first disorders for which Lo developed non-invasive prenatal testing using cell-free fetal DNA was Rh disease, a type of anaemia that occurs when the foetus is Rh-positive but the mother is Rh-negative.[20] Separately, Lo also detected fetal RNA in mother's blood, which indicated what genes were expressed.[21] He then sought novel methods to isolate fetal DNA from mother's blood, which in 2002 came in the form of difference in DNA methylation between the mother and foetus.[22]

Lo's research into non-invasive prenatal testing was interrupted in 2003 by the SARS outbreak. An infected patient was treated at the Prince of Wales Hospital, the teaching hospital for CUHK Faculty of Medicine, turning the hospital into one of the epicenters in Hong Kong.[23] [24] His group was one of the first to sequence the SARS virus[25] and to discover the existence of multiple viral strains.[26]

Lo returned to studying detection of cell-free fetal DNA after the SARS outbreak. In 2008, he reported the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), which has a much higher throughput than traditional PCR and was a relatively new technology at the time.[27] When used to detect Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra chromosome 21, this method was later shown to have a 100% sensitivity and a nearly 98% specificity,[28] prompting its introduction into clinics in 2011.[7]

The next year, while watching a Harry Potter movie in 3D, the flying "H" reminded him of 2 homologous chromosomes and gave him an idea on how to sequence the fetal genome: to separately sequence the 2 halves of DNA that the foetus inherited from the father and the mother.[13] For the father's half, they searched for DNA sequences present only in the father but not the mother; for the mother's half, they counted the DNA sequences from the mother to deduce the sequences inherited by the foetus, which would be found in excess in the mother's blood plasma. This discovery created a non-invasive method to detect fetal mutations.[29] In 2013, his group showed that the fetal epigenome could also be determined from mother's blood plasma.[30]

Apart from non-invasive prenatal testing, Lo started investigating cancer diagnosis, profiling and prognosis from circulating tumor DNA using NGS in 2012, when he reported the genetic profiling of cancer in patients' blood plasma.[31]

As of October 2021, Lo is an associate editor of Clinical Chemistry.[32]

Lo is the co-founder of 2 biotechnology companies, both established in 2014. Using funding from the venture capital firm Decheng Capital, he co-founded Cirina with his longtime CUHK collaborators Rossa Chiu and Allen Chan.[33] The company focuses on cancer detection with circulating tumor DNA.[34] The company was acquired by GRAIL in 2017,[35] which, in turn, was acquired by Illumina in 2021.[36] The 3 of them also co-founded Xcelom, which commercialised their research in non-invasive prenatal testing.[33] [37] [38]

In the 2021 Hong Kong legislative election, Lo was a registered elector in the functional constituency of Technology and Innovation and the geographical constituency of Kowloon West.[39] The State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology at CUHK, with which he is affiliated, is also a corporate elector (an elector that is a legal entity, as opposed to a natural person) at the same functional constituency.[40] [41] [42] As Lo is also a member of the Election Committee of Hong Kong,[43] making him eligible to vote in the Election Committee constituency, he was one of the 41 voters who held 4 votes and whose voting power would be approximately 7,215 times of an ordinary citizen.[39]

Honours and awards

Personal life

Lo is married to Alice Siu Ling Wong. They met each other while Lo was pursuing his DPhil at the University of Oxford, where Wong was completing her DPhil in semiconductor physics.[4] They got married in 1994.[58]

As of 2016, Wong is an associate professor and the head of the formerly Division of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education at the University of Hong Kong.[59] She is no longer on the faculty list as of 2021.[60]

It was reported in 2021 that Lo bought a flat at The Masterpiece in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong for HKD$210 million.[61]

Lo is one of the initiators of the Hong Kong Coalition, co-founded by two former Chief Executives of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa and Leung Chun-ying.[62]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Professor LO Yuk Ming, Dennis, SBS, JP . . 8 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908151005/https://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/staff/professor-lo-yuk-ming-dennis-sbs-jp . 8 September 2021.
  2. Web site: Prof Dennis Y M LO . Hong Kong Academy of Sciences. . 8 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908152322/http://www.ashk.org.hk/en/ourMembers/details/29 . 8 September 2021.
  3. Web site: Professor Yuk Ming Dennis Lo . . 8 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908150027/https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-yuk-ming-dennis-lo/ . 8 September 2021.
  4. Web site: Abboud . Alexis . Dennis Lo (1963-) . Embryo Project Encyclopedia . 8 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908150301/https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/dennis-lo-1963 . 8 September 2021 . 4 November 2014.
  5. Web site: Dennis Lo . CUHK Faculty of Medicine . 10 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210910162351/https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/cpy/Research/AcademicProfiles.htm . 10 September 2021.
  6. Special Issue: In Memory of the late Dr. Lo Wai-hoi . Hong Kong Journal of Mental Health . 2017 . 43 . 1 . 20 September 2021 . 20 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210920143207/https://www.mhahk.org.hk/index.php/journal2017s/.
  7. Romero . Roberto . Giants in Obstetrics and Gynecology Series: A Profile of Dennis Lo, DM, DPhil, FRCP, FRCPath, FRS . . 2018 . 218 . 4 . 371–378 . 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.01.027 . 29598980 . 23 September 2021 . https://archive.today/20210923143325/https://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(18)30076-0/fulltext%23relatedArticles . 22 September 2021 . 5987209.
  8. Inspiring Minds: Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo. Misia Landau. Clinical Chemistry. 56. 4. 784–786. April 2012. 10.1373/clinchem.2011.179069. 22461516. free.
  9. 蕭 . 曉華 . 12 June 2017 . 【當科學遇上醫療】一碗即食麵破解 血漿基因的秘密 . Ming Pao Weekly . . 20 September 2021 . 26 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226005058/https://www.mpweekly.com/culture/%e7%95%b6%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e9%81%87%e4%b8%8a%e9%86%ab%e7%99%82-%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0-%e6%af%8d%e9%ab%94%e8%a1%80%e6%bc%bf%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6-36217 . Chinese.
  10. Web site: 卢煜明：与艺术结合的科学更有想象力 . Future Science Prize . 22 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210922133853/http://www.futureprize.org/cn/nav/detail/7.html . 22 September 2021 . Chinese.
  11. Web site: Professor Dennis Lo Yuk-ming, SBS, JP . . 1 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205115724/http://www.ouhk.edu.hk/PAU/Pressrelease/2020/201008/HonDoc2019_DennisLo_e.pdf . 5 December 2020 .
  12. Web site: Encounters with Alumni from Greater China: Dennis Lo . University of Oxford China Office . 23 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210603025644/http://www.oxforduchina.org/dennis-lo.html . 3 June 2021.
  13. Viegas . Jennifer . Profile of Dennis Lo . . 2013 . 110 . 47 . 18742–18743 . 10.1073/pnas.1317868110 . 24145450 . 3839783 . 2013PNAS..11018742V . free .
  14. Lo . Y-M. D. . Mehal . W. Z. . Fleming . K. A. . False-positive results and the polymerase chain reaction . . 1988 . 332 . 8672 . 679 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90487-4 . 2901532 . 34101803 . 3 October 2021.
  15. Lo . Y-M. D. . Wainscoat . J. S. . Gillmer . M. D. G. . Patel . P. . Sampietro . M. . Fleming . K. A. . Prenatal sex determination by DNA amplification from maternal peripheral blood . The Lancet . 1989 . 334 . 8676 . 1363–1365 . 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91969-7 . 2574306 . 26365991 . 3 October 2021.
  16. Web site: Dennis Lo . Croucher Foundation . 5 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211006155256/https://scholars.croucher.org.hk/scholars/dennis-lo . 6 October 2021.
  17. Web site: Professor Dennis Lo . Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Oxford . 5 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211006155528/https://cpm.well.ox.ac.uk/person/professor-dennis-lo . 6 October 2021.
  18. Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Corbetta . Noemi . Chamberlain . Paul F. . Rai . Vik . Sargent . Ian L. . Redman . Christopher W. G. . Wainscoat . James S. . Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum . The Lancet . 1997 . 350 . 9076 . 485–487 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02174-0 . 9274585 . 14234791 . 6 October 2021.
  19. News: Corbyn . Zoë . Dennis Lo: 'Should parents be told about a disease their child might get?' . 3 October 2021 . . 1 September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201017015808/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/01/dennis-lo-prenatal-research-cancer . 17 October 2020.
  20. Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Hjelm . N. Magnus . Fidler . Carrie . Sargent . Ian L. . Murphy . Michael F. . Chamberlain . Paul F. . Priscilla M.K. . Poon . Christopher W.G. . Redman . Wainscoat . James S. . Prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD status by molecular analysis of maternal plasma . . 1998 . 339 . 24 . 1734–1738 . 10.1056/NEJM199812103392402 . 9845707 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210525180402/https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199812103392402 . 25 May 2021 . 7 October 2021. free .
  21. Poon . Leo L. M. . Leung . Tse N. . Lau . Tze K. . Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Presence of Fetal RNA in Maternal Plasma . Clinical Chemistry . 2000 . 46 . 11 . 1832–1834 . 10.1093/clinchem/46.11.1832 . 11067820 . 10 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010151142/https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/46/11/1832/5641416 . 8 October 2021. free .
  22. Poon . Leo L. M. . Leung . Tse N. . Lau . Tze K. . Chow . Katherine C. K. . Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Differential DNA Methylation between Fetus and Mother as a Strategy for Detecting Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma . Clinical Chemistry . 2002 . 48 . 1 . 35–41 . 10.1093/clinchem/48.1.35 . 11751536 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008151406/https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/48/1/35/5641529 . 8 October 2021 . 8 October 2021. free .
  23. Book: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Expert Committee . SARS in Hong Kong: from Experience to Action . 2 October 2003 . 10 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413071340/https://www.sars-expertcom.gov.hk/english/reports/reports/files/e_chp3_21.pdf . 13 April 2021 . The SARS Epidemic: The Prince of Wales Hospital Outbreak.
  24. Tomlinson . Brian . Cockram . Clive . SARS: experience at Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong . The Lancet . 2003 . 361 . 9368 . 1486–1487 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13218-7 . 12737853 . 7134636 .
  25. News: Tomlinson . Peta . Watch this face - Dennis Lo Yuk-ming . 10 October 2021 . . 15 January 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010150159/https://www.scmp.com/article/441278/watch-face-dennis-lo-yuk-ming . 10 October 2021.
  26. Tsui . Stephen K. W. . Chim . Stephen S. C. . Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Coronavirus Genomic-Sequence Variations and the Epidemiology of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome . The New England Journal of Medicine . 2003 . 349 . 2 . 187–188 . 10.1056/NEJM200307103490216 . 12853594 . free .
  27. Chiu . Rossa W. K. . Chan . K. C. Allen . Gao . Yuan . Lau . Virginia Y. M. . Zheng . Wenli . Leung . Tak Y. . Foo . Chris H. F. . Xie . Bin . Tsui . Nancy B. Y. . Lun . Fiona M. F. . Zee . Benny C. Y. . Lau . Tze K. . Cantor . Charles R. . Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy by massively parallel genomic sequencing of DNA in maternal plasma . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008 . 105 . 51 . 20458–20463 . 10.1073/pnas.0810641105 . 19073917 . 2600580. 2008PNAS..10520458C . free .
  28. Chiu . Rossa W. K. . Akolekar . Ranjit . Zheng . Yama W. L. . Leung . Tak Y. . Sun . Hao . Chan . K. C. Allen . Lun . Fiona M. F. . Go . Attie T. J. I. . Lau . Elizabeth T. . To . William W. K. . Leung . Wing C. . Tang . Rebecca Y. K. . Au-Yeung . Sidney K. C. . Lam . Helena . Kung . Yu Y. . Zhang . Xiuqing . van Vugt . John M. G. . Minekawa . Ryoko . Tang . Mary H. Y. . Wang . Jun . Oudejans . Cees B. M. . Lau . Tze K. . Nicolaides . Kypros H. . Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Non-invasive prenatal assessment of trisomy 21 by multiplexed maternal plasma DNA sequencing: large scale validity study . . 12 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211012132348/https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7401.long . 2011 . 342 . c7401 . 10.1136/bmj.c7401 . 21224326 . 12 October 2021 . 3019239.
  29. Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Chan . K. C. Allen . Sun . Hao . Chen . Eric Z. . Jiang . Peiyong . Lun . Fiona M. F. . Zheng . Yama W. . Leung . Tak Y. . Lau . Tze K. . Cantor . Charles R. . Chiu . Rossa W. K. . Maternal Plasma DNA Sequencing Reveals the Genome-Wide Genetic and Mutational Profile of the Fetus . . 2010 . 2 . 61 . 61ra91 . 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001720 . 21148127 . 206677298 . 12 October 2021.
  30. Lun . Fiona M. F. . Chiu . Rossa W. K. . Sun . Kun . Leung . Tak Y. . Jiang . Peiyong . Chan . K. C. Allen . Sun . Hao . Lo . Y. M. Dennis . Noninvasive prenatal methylomic analysis by genomewide bisulfite sequencing of maternal plasma DNA . Clinical Chemistry . 2013 . 59 . 11 . 1583–1594 . 10.1373/clinchem.2013.212274 . 23857673 . 9742965 . free .
  31. Chan . K. C. Allen . Jiang . Peiyong . Zheng . Yama W. L. . Liao . Gary J. W. . Sun . Hao . Wong . John . Siu . Shing Shun N. . Chan . Wing C. . Chan . Stephen L. . Chan . Anthony T. C. . Lai . Paul B. S. . Chiu . Rossa W. K. . Lo . Y. M. D. . Cancer genome scanning in plasma: detection of tumor-associated copy number aberrations, single-nucleotide variants, and tumoral heterogeneity by massively parallel sequencing . Clinical Chemistry . 2013 . 59 . 1 . 211–224 . 10.1373/clinchem.2012.196014 . 23065472 . 5164201 . free .
  32. Web site: Editorial Board . Clinical Chemistry . 29 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211030114117/https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/pages/editorial_board . 30 October 2021.
  33. News: Dennis Lo's three-decade journey to science's greatest prizes . 26 October 2021 . Croucher Foundation . 22 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026152359/https://projects.croucher.org.hk/news/dennis-lo-s-three-decade-journey-to-science-s-greatest-prizes . 26 October 2021.
  34. News: Cheung . Eric . How did 2 Hong Kong innovative pioneers turn ideas into reality that can change the world? . 23 October 2021 . South China Morning Post . 14 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023160554/https://www.scmp.com/native/tech/start-ups/topics/hong-kong-innovators/article/3113413/how-did-2-hong-kong-innovative . 23 October 2021.
  35. 31 March 2017 . GRAIL and Cirina Combine to Create Global Company Focused on Early Detection of Cancer . . 23 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023161028/https://grail.com/press-releases/grail-and-cirina-combine-to-create-global-company-focused-on-early-detection-of-cancer/ . 23 October 2021.
  36. News: Espinoza . Javier . Illumina pushes ahead with closing $8bn Grail merger in defiance of EU probe . 23 October 2021 . . 19 August 2021 . subscription.
  37. Web site: Reassurance without Risk . . 26 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026152832/https://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X0A4IRR/venture-hong-kong/Reassurance-without-Risk . 26 October 2021 . 10 December 2015.
  38. Web site: Revolutionary Prenatal Test . . 26 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026153040/https://www.hkstp.org/our-partner-companies/our-partners-stories/success-stories/xcelom/ . 26 October 2021.
  39. News: FactWire . 2021-12-15 . Factwire: 41 privileged voters have 7,200 times greater power than a regular Hong Kong voter following election revamp . 2021-12-16 . . https://archive.today/20220107164108/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/12/16/factwire-41-privileged-voters-have-7200-times-greater-power-than-a-regular-hong-kong-voter-following-election-revamp/ . 7 January 2022.
  40. Web site: Schedule 1D Composition of the Technology and Innovation Functional Constituency . Department of Justice, Government of Hong Kong . 1 February 2022.
  41. Legislative Council Ordinance.
  42. Web site: Registration in the Technology and Innovation Functional Constituency ("FC") . Registration and Electoral Office, Government of Hong Kong . 2 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220202035221/https://www.reo.gov.hk/pdf/fc/TI_E.pdf . 2 February 2022.
  43. Web site: Election Results: Second Sector, Technology And Innovation . Registration and Electoral Office, Government of Hong Kong . 1 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220201235804/https://www.elections.gov.hk/ecss2021/eng/results_s2.html . 1 February 2022.
  44. Web site: Past HK TOYP Awardees . Junior Chamber International of Hong Kong . 13 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118103816/http://toyp1.jcihk.org/en/past-hk-toyp-awardees/ . 18 January 2021.
  45. Web site: Past World TOYP from HK . Junior Chamber International of Hong Kong . 13 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914143940/http://toyp1.jcihk.org/en/past-world-toyp-from-hk/ . 14 September 2021.
  46. Local scientists receive State Science and Technology awards . . 13 September 2021 . 9 January 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210913141932/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200601/09/P200601090120.htm . 13 September 2021.
  47. Web site: 2005年度国家自然科学奖目录 . . Chinese . 13 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210913140442/http://www.most.gov.cn/cxfw/kjjlcx/kjjl2005/200604/t20060421_31675.html . 13 September 2021 . 21 April 2006.
  48. Web site: Awards Committee . . 13 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210913142837/http://www.ifcc.org/executive-board-and-council/eb-committees/awards-committe/ . 13 September 2021.
  49. Web site: Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo, MD . . 14 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914142451/https://www.aacc.org/community/merit-awards/hall-of-fame/bios/t-to-z/yuk-ming . 14 September 2021.
  50. Web site: Dennis Lo . . 14 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914144612/https://royalsociety.org/people/dennis-lo-11830/ . 14 September 2021.
  51. Web site: Yuk-Ming Dennis Lo . . 14 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914144916/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20030497.html . 14 September 2021.
  52. News: Fifty-two new TWAS members . 15 September 2021 . . 2 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915143743/https://twas.org/article/fifty-two-new-twas-members . 15 September 2021.
  53. Web site: 2016 The Life Science Prize Laureate . Future Science Prize . 15 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915144222/http://www.futureprize.org/en/laureates/detail/24.html . 15 September 2021.
  54. Web site: Past Recipients . 2023-04-12 . Association for Molecular Pathology . en.
  55. Web site: Yuk Ming Dennis Lo . . 15 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915145220/https://breakthroughprize.org/Laureates/2/L3894 . 15 September 2021.
  56. Web site: Royal Medal winners 2021 . . 15 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915145532/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/royal-medal/ . 15 September 2021.
  57. Web site: 2022 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award . . 20 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420035336/https://laskerfoundation.org/winners/noninvasive-prenatal-testing-using-fetal-dna/ . 20 April 2023.
  58. News: 探射燈：膝下猶虛視科研為兒女 . 11 September 2021 . . 12 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210911135033/https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20110612/00176_098.html . 11 September 2021 . Chinese.
  59. 19 December 2016 . 好奇心泛起了漣漪——專訪盧煜明 . U-Beat Magazine . 11 September 2021 . Chinese . Chinese University of Hong Kong . 11 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210911140503/https://ubeat.com.cuhk.edu.hk/127_lo/2/.
  60. Web site: Faculty Academics . . 11 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210911141504/https://web.edu.hku.hk/staff/academic . 11 September 2021.
  61. News: 「無創產前檢測之父」2.1億購名鑄 實呎逾7萬創新高 . 17 September 2021 . Ming Pao . 21 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140900/https://www.mpfinance.com/fin/instantp2.php?node=1621587584147&issue=20210521 . 17 September 2021 . Chinese.
  62. Web site: 組織架構 . Hong Kong Coalition . 31 January 2022 . Chinese . https://web.archive.org/web/20220131022635/https://www.hkcoalition.com/info/organization . 31 January 2022.

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