Denmark at the 2012 Summer Olympics explained

Noc:DEN
Nocname:National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark
Games:Summer Olympics
Year:2012
Website: 
Location:London
Competitors:113
Sports:17
Flagbearer:Kim Wraae Knudsen (opening)
Allan Nørregaard (closing)
Rank:29
Gold:2
Silver:4
Bronze:3
Appearances:auto
See also:1906 Intercalated Games

Denmark competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark sent the nation's second largest delegation to the Games after the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. A total of 113 athletes, 63 men and 50 women, competed in 17 sports, although two additional athletes played as team reserves. Handball was the only team-based sport in which Denmark was represented in at these Olympic games.

The Danish team included several past Olympic champions, one of them defending (the men's lightweight coxless fours team, led by veteran rowers Eskild Ebbesen and Morten Jørgensen). Notable athletes included tennis player Caroline Wozniacki, and swimmer Lotte Friis, who won a bronze medal in Beijing. Kim Wraae Knudsen, silver medalist in the men's sprint kayak doubles in Beijing, was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Team Danmark and the Danish Sports' Union (Dansk Idræts-Forbund, DIF) set a goal of eight medals.[1] Team Danmark and DIF also believed Denmark had the best chances of winning a medal in wrestling, shooting, cycling, handball, the equestrian events, rowing, athletics, badminton and sailing. At the end of the Games, Denmark had reached beyond the medal target by a single point.

Denmark left London with a total of 9 medals (2 gold, 4 silver, and 3 bronze), this being considered its most successful Olympics in 64 years. The gold medals were won by rowers Rasmus Quist Hansen and Mads Rasmussen in the men's lightweight double sculls, and track cyclist Lasse Norman Hansen in the first ever men's omnium. Other medals were awarded to the team in sailing, shooting, badminton, and women's rowing. Several Danish athletes narrowly missed out on the medal standings in their sporting events, including two competitors in the Greco-Roman wrestling.

Medalists

| width="78%" align="left" valign="top" |

| width="22%" align="left" valign="top" |
Medals by sport
Sportbgcolor=#f7f6a8 bgcolor=#dce5e5 bgcolor=#ffdab9 Total
Rowing1113
Cycling1001
Badminton0112
Sailing0112
Shooting0101
Total2439

Competitors

| width=78% align=left valign=top |The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:

width=180Sportwidth=55Menwidth=55Womenwidth=55Total
Archery0 3 3
Athletics3 3 6
Badminton6 4 10
Boxing1 0 1
Canoeing4 1 5
Cycling10 1 11
Equestrian0 4 4
Gymnastics1 0 1
Handball14 14 28
Rowing7 3 10
Sailing5 6 11
Shooting3 2 5
Swimming5 5 10
Table tennis2 1 3
Tennis0 1 1
Triathlon0 2 2
Wrestling2 0 2
Total 63 50 113
| width=22% align=left valign=top |
Medals by date
DayDatebgcolor=#f7f6a8 bgcolor=#dce5e5 bgcolor=#ffdab9 Total
Day 128 Julybgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 229 Julybgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 330 Julybgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 431 Julybgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 1bgcolor=FFDAB9 01
Day 51 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 62 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 11
Day 73 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 11
Day 84 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 1bgcolor=DCE5E5 1bgcolor=FFDAB9 02
Day 95 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 1bgcolor=DCE5E5 2bgcolor=FFDAB9 03
Day 106 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 117 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 128 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 11
Day 139 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 1410 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 1511 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Day 1612 Augustbgcolor=F7F6A8 0bgcolor=DCE5E5 0bgcolor=FFDAB9 00
Total2439

Archery

See main article: Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Three Danish individual quota places as well as a team quota place were secured at the 2011 World Archery Championships on 6 June 2011, as the Danish team, consisting of Carina Christiansen, Maja Jager and Louise Laursen, finished 8th in the women's recurve event.[2] The same three archers were selected for participation by the NOC on 14 May 2012.[3]

AthleteEventRanking roundRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal /
ScoreSeedOpposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Carina Christiansenalign=left rowspan=3Women's individual6637 (58)
W 7–3
(39)
W 6–4
(10)
L 2–6
did not advance
Maja Jager64235 (30)
L 5–6
Did not advance
Louise Laursen64136 (29)
W 7–3
(4)
L 4–6
Did not advance
Carina Christiansen
Maja Jager
Louise Laursen
Women's team19468 (9)
W 211–210
(1)
L 195–206
Did not advance

Athletics

See main article: Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Danish athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):[4]

Key
Men
  • Track & road events
  • AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinal
    ResultRankResultRankResultRank
    Andreas Bube800 m1:46.406Did not advance
    Jesper FaurschouMarathon2:18:4441
    Field events
    Women
  • Track & road events
  • AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinal
    ResultRankResultRankResultRank
    Sara Slott Petersen400 m hurdles56.016 q56.216did not advance
    Jessica DraskauMarathon2:31:4340
    Field events

    Badminton

    See main article: Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The BWF World Ranking of 1 May 2012 was used for the qualifying for the badminton tournament. This gave Denmark the following quota places: 2 in men's singles, 1 in men's doubles, 1 in women's singles, 1 in women's doubles and 2 in mixed doubles.[5] Nine players were selected on 14 May 2012.

    Men
    AthleteEventGroup stageEliminationQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal /
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    RankOpposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Rank
    Peter Gadealign=left rowspan=2Singles
    W 21–14, 21–8
    1 Q
    W 21–9, 21–16

    L 16–21, 13–21
    Did not advance
    Jan Østergaard Jørgensen
    W 21–13, 21–12

    W 21–17, 21–14
    1 Q
    L 17–21, 13–21
    did not advance
    Mathias Boe
    Carsten Mogensen
    Doubles
    W 21–6, 21–12

    W 16–21, 21–19, 21–14

    W 21–14, 21–19
    1 Q
    W 21–16, 21–18

    W 17–21, 21–18, 22–20

    L 16–21, 15–21
    Women
    AthleteEventGroup stageEliminationQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal /
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    RankOpposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Rank
    Tine BaunSingles
    W 21–11, 21–6

    W 19–21, 21–15, 21–16
    1 Q (12)
    W 14–15

    L 15–21, 20–22
    Did not advance
    Kamilla Rytter Juhl
    Christinna Pedersen
    Doubles
    L 21–18, 14–21, 17–21

    W 21–13, 14–21, 21–18

    W 22–20, 21–12
    1 Q
    L 20–22, 10–21
    Did not advance
    Mixed
    AthleteEventGroup stageQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal /
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    RankOpposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Opposition
    Score
    Rank
    Thomas Laybourn
    Kamilla Rytter Juhl
    align=left rowspan=2Doubles
    W 21–12, 21–16

    W 21–15, 21–11

    L 22–24, 16–21
    2 Q
    L 13–21, 17–21
    Did not advance
    Joachim Fischer Nielsen
    Christinna Pedersen

    W 21–12, 21–11

    W 21–9, 14–21, 21–17

    W 21–11, 21–10
    1 Q
    W 21–15, 21–13

    L 21–17, 17–21, 19–21

    W 21–12, 21–12

    Boxing

    See main article: Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Denmark qualified in the following event with one qualifier.

    Men

    Canoeing

    See main article: Canoeing at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

    Sprint

    Denmark has qualified boats for the following events in the sprint discipline of the canoeing sport. No Danish canoeists competed in the slalom discipline.

    AthleteEventHeatsSemifinalsFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    Kasper BleibachMen's K-1 200 m36.6103 Q36.6675 37.8029
    René Holten PoulsenMen's K-1 1000 m3:30.2841 Q3:30.2473 3:29.4834
    Kim Wraae Knudsen
    Emil Stær Simensen
    Men's K-2 1000 m3:17.0205 Q3:15.5804 3:12.8209
    Kasper Bleibach
    Kim Wraae Knudsen
    René Holten Poulsen
    Emil Stær Simensen
    Men's K-4 1000 m3:05.1343 Q2:56.0036 2:56.5425
    align=left rowspan=2Henriette Engel HansenWomen's K-1 200 m42.8664 Q42.8217did not advance
    Women's K-1 500 m1:52.6502 Q1:51.9292 1:54.1107

    Cycling

    See main article: Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Denmark has qualified cyclists in all 4 disciplines in the cycling sport.

    Road

    AthleteEventTimeRank
    Lars BakMen's road race5:46:3771
    Men's time trial54:33.2114
    Matti BreschelMen's road race5:46:3742
    Jakob FuglsangMen's road race5:46:0512
    Men's time trial54:34.4915
    Nicki SørensenMen's road race5:46:3757

    Track

    Pursuit
    Omnium

    Mountain biking

    Annika Langvad has withdrawn from the Olympics due to broken ribs.[6]

    BMX

    Equestrian

    See main article: Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

    Dressage

    Denmark has qualified one team and three individual quota places to the dressage discipline in the Equestrian sport after finishing in sixth place at the 2011 European Dressage Championship.[7] No Danish riders compete in the two other disciplines.

    AthleteHorseEventGrand PrixGrand Prix SpecialGrand Prix FreestyleOverall
    ScoreRankScoreRankTechnicalArtisticScoreRank
    Anna KasprzakDonnperignonIndividual75.28912 Q73.95216 Q74.17978.71476.44618
    Lisbeth SeierskildeRaneur69.86332Did not advance
    Anne Van OlstClearwater71.32223 Q72.01621Did not advance
    Nathalie Zu Sayn-WittgensteinDigby74.95413 Q75.8579 Q76.32181.85779.01812
    Anna Kasprzak
    Anne Van Olst
    Nathalie Zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
    See aboveTeam73.8454 Q73.8464 Q73.8464

    Gymnastics

    See main article: Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

    Trampoline

    Denmark qualified one male athlete in trampolining. No Danish gymnasts competed in the other two disciplines of the gymnastics sport.

    Handball

    See main article: Handball at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The men's team qualified for the Olympics by winning the 2012 European Men's Handball Championship. The women's team qualified through the World Qualification Tournament. This was the first ever Olympics where both the Danish men's and women's handball teams were present. The men's squad was announced on 29 May 2012[8] with the reserve determined one month later,[9] and the women's squad was announced on 2 July 2012.[10]

    Men's tournament

    See main article: Handball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament.

    Team roster
    Group play
    Quarter-final

    Women's tournament

    See main article: Handball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament.

    Team roster
    Group play

    Rowing

    See main article: Rowing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Denmark has qualified boats for the following events

    Men
    AthleteEventHeatsRepechageQuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    Henrik StephansenSingle sculls6:46.323 QF6:55.954 SC/D7:29.761 FC7:19.6213
    Rasmus Quist Hansen
    Mads Rasmussen
    Lightweight double sculls6:33.111 SA/B6:33.251 FA6:37.17
    Jacob Barsøe
    Eskild Ebbesen
    Morten Jørgensen
    Kasper Winther Jørgensen
    Lightweight four5:55.643 SA/B6:03.531 FA6:03.16
    Women
    AthleteEventHeatsRepechageQuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    Fie Udby ErichsenSingle sculls7:29.372 QF7:38.931 SA/B7:44.331 FA7:57.72
    Anne Lolk
    Juliane Elander Rasmussen
    Lightweight double sculls6:59.942 SA/B7:10.932 FA7:15.534
    Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage

    Sailing

    See main article: Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Each NOC could only enter one boat at each event, and Denmark qualified to enter a boat in eight out of the ten events only missing Women's RS-X and Men's 470. Which means that Danish sailors competed in all eight Olympic boat types.

    Men
    AthleteEventRaceNet pointsFinal rank
    12345678910
    Sebastian FleischerRS:X1828242329292915282622029
    Thorbjørn SchierupLaser36162482316523241815719
    Jonas Høgh-ChristensenFinn11271284532046
    Michael Hestbæk
    Claus Olesen
    Star121113141376314108911
    Women
    AthleteEventRaceNet pointsFinal rank
    12345678910
    Anne-Marie RindomLaser Radial17198221272723111113013
    Henriette Koch
    Lene Sommer
    47051216101416151091510616
    Match racing
    AthleteEventRound RobinRankKnockoutsRank
    valign=middleQ-finalvalign=middleS-finalvalign=middleFinal
    Susanne Boidin
    Tina Gramkov
    Lotte Meldgaard
    Elliott 6mLLLLWWLLWLL10Did not advance
    The Danish boat originally lost their eleventh round robin race by seven seconds, but following a protest the result was annulled and the race resailed.
    Open

    Shooting

    See main article: Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Denmark have qualified for five places is shooting events;[11] athletes in brackets secured the quota place.

    Men
    AthleteEventQualificationFinal
    PointsRankPointsRank
    Anders GoldingSkeet1222 Q146
    Torben Grimmel50 m rifle prone59224Did not advance
    Jesper HansenSkeet11326Did not advance
    Women
    AthleteEventQualificationFinal
    PointsRankPointsRank
    Stine Andersen10 m air rifle39330Did not advance
    align=left rowspan=2Stine Nielsen50 m rifle 3 positions58211Did not advance
    10 m air rifle3979Did not advance

    Swimming

    See main article: Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Danish swimmers achieved qualifying standards in the following events before the games started (up to a maximum of two swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially one at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):[12] Pál Joensen competed under the Danish flag, although he originally played for the Faroe Islands.

    Men
    AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    align=left rowspan=2Mads Glæsner200 m freestyleDid not advance
    400 m freestyle[13] 3:48.2712Did not advance
    Mathias Gydesen100 m backstroke55.3130Did not advance
    align=left rowspan=2Pál Joensen400 m freestyle3:47.3610Did not advance
    1500 m freestyle15:18.4217Did not advance
    Mads Glæsner
    Pál Joensen
    Anders Lie
    Daniel Skaaning
    4 × 200 m freestyle relay7:15.0413Did not advance
    Women
    AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    align=left rowspan=3Pernille Blume50 m freestyle25.54=24Did not advance
    100 m freestyle[14] 55.0419Did not advance
    200 m freestyle2:00.9124Did not advance
    align=left rowspan=2Lotte Friis400 m freestyle4:04.225 Q4:03.984
    800 m freestyle8:21.892 Q8:23.865
    align=left rowspan=2Mie Nielsen100 m backstroke1:00.3817Did not advance
    200 m backstroke2:13.8928did not advance
    align=left rowspan=3Jeanette Ottesen50 m freestyle24.85=7 Q24.9912Did not advance
    100 m freestyle53.513 Q53.77=5 Q53.757
    100 m butterfly57.644 Q57.253 Q57.356
    align=left rowspan=2Rikke Møller Pedersen100 m breaststroke1:07.239 Q1:06.826 Q1:07.558
    200 m breaststroke2:22.692 Q2:22.232 Q2:21.654
    Pernille Blume
    Lotte Friis
    Mie Nielsen
    Jeanette Ottesen
    4 × 100 m freestyle relay3:38.096 Q3:37.456
    Pernille Blume
    Mie Nielsen
    Jeanette Ottesen
    Rikke Møller Pedersen
    4 × 100 m medley relay3:58.353 Q3:57.767

    Table tennis

    See main article: Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Three Danish athletes qualified for the table tennis event. In the men's singles, Michael Maze qualified by virtue of his ranking,[15] while Allan Bentsen qualified through the final qualification tournament. Mie Skov qualified for the women's singles event after her performance at the European qualification tournament.

    Men
    AthleteEventPreliminary roundRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal /
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Rank
    Allan Bentsenalign=left rowspan=2Men's singles
    L 1–4
    Did not advance
    Michael Maze
    W 4–1

    W 4–0

    L 3–4
    Did not advance
    Mie SkovWomen's singles
    W 4–0

    L 3–4
    Did not advance

    Tennis

    See main article: Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

    Triathlon

    See main article: Triathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Denmark has qualified the following athletes.

    AthleteEventSwim (1.5 km)Trans 1Bike (40 km)Trans 2Run (10 km)Total TimeRank
    Helle Frederiksenalign=left rowspan=2Women's19:310:451:07:110:3335:102:03:1027
    Line Jensen18:210:431:06:340:3236:372:02:4723

    Wrestling

    See main article: Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Denmark has qualified in the following events.

    Key
    Men's Greco-Roman
    AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalRepechage 1Repechage 2Final /
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Opposition
    Result
    Rank
    Håkan Nyblom−55 kg
    W 3–0

    W 3–0

    L 0–3

    L 1–3
    5
    Mark Madsen−74 kg
    L 1–3
    Did not advance
    W 3–1

    L 0–3
    5

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Denmark launches Olympics 2012 campaign with new medals target, flag bearer. https://web.archive.org/web/20131126200707/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2012-06/28/c_131680169.htm. dead. 26 November 2013. Xinhua Net (English). 28 June 2012. 3 September 2012.
    2. Web site: Hestbech. Lars. Tre danske OL-billetter kom i hus. dif.dk. National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark. 18 June 2012. 13 February 2013. https://archive.today/20130213010312/http://www.dif.dk/da/sitecore/content/Baseline_site/FrontPage/NYHEDER/nyheder/2011/07/20110707_bueskydning.aspx. dead.
    3. Web site: Lind. Thomas. 14 atleter udtaget til OL. ol.dk. National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark. 18 June 2012. 20 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120620063750/http://www.ol.dk/Nyheder/2012/5/20120514_14_udtaget_til_ol.aspx. dead.
    4. Web site: iaaf.org – Top Lists. IAAF. 4 June 2011.
    5. Web site: Lind. Thomas. Otte danske badmintonkvalifikationer. ol.dk. National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark. 18 June 2012. 20 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120620063729/http://www.ol.dk/Nyheder/2012/5/20120501_Badminton_kvalifikation.aspx. dead.
    6. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/langvad-out-of-olympic-mountain-bike-race Langvad out of Olympic mountain bike race
    7. Web site: FEI European Dressage Championships – Team Competition. 18 August 2011. FEI. 18 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110925045229/http://www.ecdressage2011.com/result/team/1. 25 September 2011. dead.
    8. Web site: Jensen. Finn T.. Knudsen får ny OL-chance. dhf.dk. Danish Handball Federation. 2 July 2012. da. 22 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120622115838/http://www.dhf.dk/Presse/nyheder/2012/maj/knudsen_faar_ny_ol-chance. dead.
    9. Web site: Jensen. Finn T.. Lasse Boesn bliver OL-reserve. dhf.dk. Danish Handball Federation. 2 July 2012. da. 6 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120706221634/http://www.dhf.dk/Presse/nyheder/2012/juni/lasse_boesen_bliver_ol-reserve. dead.
    10. Web site: Graabek. Lars. Mie Augustesen reserve til OL. dhf.dk. Danish Handball Federation. 2 July 2012. da. 6 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120706015354/http://www.dhf.dk/Presse/nyheder/2012/juli/mie_augustesen_reserve_til_ol. dead.
    11. Web site: Quota places by Nation and Name . 8 March 2011 . ISSF . 27 May 2011 . 16 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716090849/http://www.issf-sports.org/results/og_qualification/quota_places/quota_places_by_nation_and_name.ashx . dead .
    12. Web site: Swimming World Rankings . FINA . 8 June 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110106131744/http://www.fina.org/H2O/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=805 . 6 January 2011 .
    13. http://politiken.dk/sport/ol2012london/ECE1577919/glaesner-og-faeringen-pl-hjaelper-hinanden-til-ol/ Politiken.dk (Danish)
    14. http://politiken.dk/sport/ol2012london/ECE1579202/nye-stjerneskud-jublede-i-ottensens-koelvand/ Politiken.dk, Nye stjerneskud jublede i Ottensens kølvand
    15. Web site: ITTF World Ranking. 16 May 2010. ITTF. 27 May 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110809193041/http://www.ittf.com/World_Events/2012OG/Players_byWR_OG2012.pdf. 9 August 2011.