Denby Dale Viaduct Explained

Denby Dale Viaduct
Os Grid Reference:SE225081
Qid:Q26599773
Carries:Penistone line
Crosses:Dearne Valley
Locale:Denby Dale, West Yorkshire, England
Owner:Network Rail
Num Track:1 (built for 2)
Architect:John Hawkshaw
Begin:20 September 1877
Complete:20 September 1879
Opened:1880
Replaces:Denby Dale Viaduct (wooden)
Embedded:
Embed:yes
Designation1:Grade II
Designation1 Date:15 August 1985

Denby Dale Viaduct is a grade II listed railway viaduct in Denby Dale, West Yorkshire, England. The curving viaduct carries the Penistone line over the Dearne valley in Denby Dale. The viaduct is constructed of stone, but the first viaduct to carry the line in that location was made of wood, being replaced by the current structure in 1880. The abutments of the former viaduct are easily discernible against the western side of the present viaduct.

History

The Huddersfield and Sheffield Junction Railway, connecting with, was opened to traffic in 1850. Originally, all viaducts on the line were supposed to be constructed of stone, and whilst some were, such as Lockwood Viaduct further north, others such as Denby Dale were hastily designed and constructed from wood due to a stone-masons strike, which had inflated the price of building a viaduct in this material due to the shortage of skilled labour.[1] The timber viaduct was 1070feet long, consisting of fifty-five spans each around 16feet in length. The greatest height from the rails to ground was, with the viaduct reaching an average height of .[2] However, this first viaduct collapsed during a gale in January 1847,[3] with a local newspaper reporting that "27 out of the 50 perpendicular supports were blown down [and] such was the distance that they had to fall, the strongest timbers were broken into splinters and matchwood." A replacement timber viaduct was erected on the site between 1848 and 1849, with the railway opening to traffic in 1850.[4]

Robert Stephenson inspected the wooden bridges and viaducts on the line in 1851, and declared them safe (stating that had had an "entire conviction of their perfect safety.."),[5] however, Denby Dale Viaduct was reported as being unsafe by 1869, and a replacement viaduct was not constructed until 13 years later.[6] Improvements and repairs were undertaken after the 1869 report, and in 1874, an appointed inspector tested the viaduct by running four engines coupled together (each weighing) across it, and checking for vibrations.[7] The inspector's report detailed that

The timber viaduct was taken down in 1884, four years after the stone replacement viaduct opened. The architect and engineer for both viaducts was John Hawkshaw, who by the time of the 1880 viaduct, was acting as a consulting engineer.[8] The decision to switch from stone to timber in the 1840s was a last minute one, which, according to Hawkshaw's obituary paid off well, as it prevented a delay in the line's completion. The revenue earned from the outset, and the lack of compensatory tariffs paid out for a delayed line, meant that the new stone viaduct could be paid for from these receipts.[9] However, some criticism was levelled at the company (the L&YR) in that the new viaduct was built over an old coal mine, and a letter from the town clerk of Denby Dale stated that some of the old workings had been filled up, but not all.[10] The stone abutments of the original trestle viaduct can be seen from the present viaduct, just west of each end.

Construction on the present day Denby Dale Viaduct started on 20 September 1877, with the contractors using over of stone.[11] It was opened to traffic in 1880, and is high above the valley, long with 21 arches, each with a 40feet span.[12] [13] There are sixteen piers and six abutments, and each pier of the viaduct is wide at the bottom, tapering to 6feet at the top.[14] The contractors for building the viaduct were a local firm, Naylors, who tendered a cost of £27,650, and estimated a time of two and half years. The viaduct was finished early, but at a significant loss to the contractors. The viaduct is south of railway station, and is a grade II listed structure.[4]

See also

References

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Bill . Nicholas A. . Timber bridge construction on British and Irish railways, 1840-1870: the scale of construction and factors influencing material selection . Construction History . 2016 . 31 . 1 . 90 . Construction History Society . Ascot . 0267-7768 . 606579523.
  2. Book: Manby . Charles . Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 14 . 1855 . Institution of Civil Engineers . London . 505. 65274315.
  3. Book: Thomas . Peter . Along the Penistone Line . 2007 . Sutton . Stroud . 978-0750946193 . 7.
  4. News: Captain Tyler's report on the Denby Dale Viaduct. Huddersfield Chronicle . 2101 . 2 May 1874 . Column F . 8. 1064471280.
  5. Book: Joy . David . South and West Yorkshire : (the industrial West Riding) . 1984 . David St John Thomas . Newton Abbot . 0-946537-11-9 . 145 . 2.
  6. Bill . Nicholas . The safety record of timber railway bridges in the UK: 1840–1870 . Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage . February 2014 . 167 . 1 . 40 . 10.1680/ehah.13.00015.
  7. News: Board of trade inspection of the Denby Dale Viaduct. Huddersfield Chronicle . 2088 . 17 April 1874 . Column F . 2. 1064471280.
  8. Book: Bailey . M . Chrimes . M . A biographical dictionary of civil engineers in Great Britain and Ireland . 2002 . Thomas Telford . London . 978-0-7277-3504-1 . 382–381.
  9. Obituary. Sir John Hawkshaw, 1811-1891 . Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers . 1 January 1891 . 106 . 1891 . 324 . 10.1680/imotp.1891.20265.
  10. News: Scraps and hints. Huddersfield Chronicle . 4531. 10 February 1882 . Column A. 3. 1064471280.
  11. News: Denby Dale new stone viaduct. Huddersfield Chronicle . 3781. 17 September 1879 . Column E. 3. 1064471280.
  12. Book: Kelman . Leanne . Railway track diagrams, books 2 - eastern . 2020 . Trackmaps . Frome . 978-1-9996271-3-3 . 5. 34C.
  13. News: Denby Dale stone viaduct . The Sheffield Independent . 7799 . 18 September 1879 . Column A . 2.
  14. News: Denby Dale new stone viaduct. Huddersfield Chronicle . 3784. 20 September 1879 . Column E. 3. 1064471280.