Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine explained

The demolition of monuments to dedicated to Russian poet and playwright Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine started during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, it has become a widespread phenomenon and dubbed by Ukrainians Pushkinopad (uk|Пушкінопад), a pun literally translated as "Pushkinfall", akin to the "Leninfall" during the decommunization process. This wave of dismantling is part of the process of derussification in Ukraine.

Since the 2022 Russian invasion Pushkin is viewed in Ukraine as a Russian propaganda symbol. Hence since the Russian invasion dozens of local Pushkin monuments and hundreds of Pushkin streets in Ukraine have been dismantled and the streets renamed.^[1]

History and incidents

See also: Derussification in Ukraine. Prior to 2022 Pushkin was the third most common historical figure represented in Ukraine's streetscapes.^[2]

Ukrainian researcher Volodymyr Yermolenko claimed that Russian literature has been a "vehicle of the country’s imperial project and nationalist world-view," giving as examples Pushkin, Lermontov and Gogol. He mentioned Pushkin's poem Poltava, which recounts the revolt of Ukrainian Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa against Tsar Peter the Great during the Swedish invasion of Russia and portrays Mazepa – who had sided with the invading Swedes – as a lecherous traitor.^[3] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Pushkin's situation turned out to be quite similar to the destruction of monuments to Lenin known as Leninopad.^[4] The phenomenon was dubbed "Pushkinopad" (Пушкінопад) by Ukrainians, a pun literally translated as "Pushkinfall", with the coinage of "-пад" being akin to English words suffixed with "fall" as in "waterfall", "snowfall", etc. The first event that became widely known was the dismantling of the monument to Pushkin in Mukachevo on April 7, 2022.^[5] Monuments to the Russian poet were dismantled in Uzhhorod^[6] and Ternopil on April 9.^{[7] [8]} Serhiy Nadal, mayor of Ternopil from the far-right Svoboda party, commented:

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 Pushkin was used as a Russian propaganda symbol.^[2] During the Russian occupation of the Ukrainian city Kherson billboards with the image of Pushkin were seen in the streets as part of a propaganda campaign proclaiming that Russia was “here for ever”.^[2] Ukrainian forces liberated the city of Kherson on 11 November 2022.^[9]

In 2022 works by Russian and Soviet authors were removed from the foreign literature curriculum of Ukrainian schools, including works by Pushkin.^[10]

In March 2023, the Ukrainian parliament passed the Law of Ukraine "On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy", which forbade toponymy associated with Russia.^[11] On April 21, 2023, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed the law.^[12]

Early June 2024 the Ukrainian NGO reported that there were less than 300 Pushkin streets to be renamed in Ukraine.^[13] The largest number of streets, alleys and squares named after Pushkin remained in Zaporizhzhia Oblast (57 toponyms) and Vinnytsia Oblast (38 toponyms).^[13]

Timeline

• On March 22, 2022, a resident of Ternopil painted a Pushkin monument red and wrote "stop war" on it. In Ternopil, the monument to the poet was erected in 1961. The first initiatives to demolish it appeared in 2014, after the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War.^[14]
• On April 7, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was demolished in Mukachevo. The very next day, the Uzhhorod City Council also decided to dismantle the monument to Alexander Pushkin^[15]
• On April 11, 2022, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled in the village of Zabolotivtsi, Lviv Oblast.^[16]
• On April 19, 2022, in Kropyvnytskyi, they proposed to remove the monument to Pushkin, which currently stands near the Pedagogical University.^[17] The monument was dismantled on July 8, 2022.^[18]
• On April 26, 2022, a monument to Alexander Pushkin was torn down in the village of Pushkino in the Berehove Raion of the Zakarpattia Oblast, and meetings began to rename the village.^[19]
• On April 28, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Konotop. The head was torn off during the dismantling of the monument.^[20]
• On April 30, 2022, a Pushkin monument was destroyed in Chernihiv.^[21]
• On May 5, 2022, a memorial plaque to Pushkin was dismantled in Vinnytsia.^[22]
• On May 8, 2022, the bust was dismantled in Deliatyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.^[23]
• On May 13, 2022, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled from the entrance gate of the Oleksandriia Dendrological Park in Bila Tserkva.
• On May 21, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Mykolaiv.^[24]
• On June 1, 2022, a monument to Alexander Pushkin was damaged in Nikopol.^[25]
• On June 3, 2022, the "Ukrainian People's House" society proposed to remove the bust of Pushkin from the building of the Olha Kobylyanska Drama Theater in Chernivtsi and replace it with the bust of Yurii Fedkovych. The director of the theater supported the proposal but stressed that all legal requirements and regulations had to be met before removing the bust.^[26]
• On June 16, 2022, a working group of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine decided to remove more than 40 works by Soviet and Russian authors, including Alexander Pushkin, from school textbooks.^[27]
• On July 26, 2022, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled in Zaporizhzhia. The bust made of forged copper stood in the city for more than 20 years and was dismantled with the permission of the mayor's office.^[28]
• On September 1, 2022, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled in Kyiv on the territory of gymnasium No. 153 (named after Pushkin).^[29]
• On October 11, 2022, unknown persons dismantled the second bust of Pushkin in front of the National Transport University in Kyiv. The co-founder of the "Decommunization Ukraine" project said that the dismantling was dedicated to Lieutenant of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Denys Antipov, alias "Buk" – a well-known public activist, teacher of the Korean language at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, who had died in May 2022 in a battle with Russian invaders.^[30]
• On November 9, 2022, a bust of Pushkin, which stood on Poetry Maidan in Kharkiv, was dismantled and sent for safekeeping. The Kharkiv City Council stated that this monument, and possibly others, should be preserved, but the residents will decide this issue in peacetime.^{[31] [32] [33]} The pedestal of the monument was dismantled on June 5, 2024.^[34]
• On November 11, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Zhytomyr.^[35]
• On November 11, 2022, a monument to Pushkin in the city of Zhmerynka was dismantled.
• On November 16, 2022, Pushkin Avenue in Dnipro was renamed Lesia Ukrainka Avenue.^[36] A monument to Pushkin that stood there was dismantled on December 16, 2022.^[36]
• On November 17, 2022, a statue of Pushkin was dismantled in Chernivtsi.^[37]
• On November 20, 2022, unknown persons overthrew a bust of Pushkin in Nikopol.^[38]
• On November 21, 2022, a monument to Pushkin in Kremenchuk was dismantled.^[39]
• On November 29, 2022, a memorial plaque to Pushkin was dismantled in Mykolaiv.^[40]
• On November 29, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Ananiv.^[41]
• On December 9, 2022, the monument to Pushkin in the city of Tulchyn was dismantled.^[42]
• The monument to Pushkin in Dnipro was dismantled on December 16, 2022.
• On December 23, 2022, the second sculpture of Pushkin was dismantled in the city of Chernivtsi.^[43]
• On December 24, 2022, it was dismantled in the city of Krolevets.^[44]
• On December 27, 2022, the bust of Pushkin was dismantled from the facade of the Chernivtsi Drama Theater named after Olha Kobylianska.^[45]
• On December 29, 2022, the bust was dismantled in Polonne.^[46]
• On December 29, 2022, the second memorial plaque to Pushkin was dismantled in the city of Mykolaiv.
• On December 30, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Kramatorsk.^[47]
• In April 2023, the Poltava City Council voted to dismantle the monument to Pushkin in this city.^[48] Also in April 2023, "Pushkin Park" was renamed "Family Park" in Kramatorsk.^[49]
• On May 3, 2023, (in its second reading) the Verkhovna Rada adopted the law "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine On the Protection of Cultural Heritage" which legalized the removal of "Soviet and imperial cultural monuments" from the state register.^[50]
• On July 13, 2023, Pushkin Park in Kyiv was renamed Ivan Bahrianyi Park.^[51] On 15 November 2023 the monument to Pushkin that had remained in the park was dismantled.^[52]
• On 23 October 2023 a theater in Kharkiv that was named after Pushkin dropped his mentioning in its name and was renamed to Kharkiv Academic Drama Theater.^[53]
• On January 12, 2024, a bas-relief of Alexander Pushkin and other artwork in the station that had incorporated poetry by Aleksandr Pushkin was removed from the Pushkinska station of the Kharkiv Metro.^{[54] [55]}
• On 26 January 2024 the Kharkiv City Council renamed Khrakiv's Pushkinska street to Hryhorii Skovoroda street.^[56] This was done in response to a 23 January 2024 Russian bombing of Kharkiv that cased 9 victims, including a 4-year-old child.^[57] In the evening in particular, the central Pushkinska Street had been hit.^[58] On 29 April 2024 the Kharkiv metro station on the street that was also named after Pushkin was renamed its current name Yaroslava Mudroho.^[59]
• On August 15, 2024, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled in one of the city's squares in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi.^[60]

See also

• Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine

References

1. News: Less than 300 Pushkin streets remain to be renamed in Ukraine. 5 June 2024. . 5 June 2024. Ukrainian.
2. Web site: Pushkin must fall: monuments to Russia’s national poet under threat in Ukraine. 5 May 2023. 5 September 2024. The Guardian. English.
3. Web site: Yermolenko . Volodymyr . Volodymyr Yermolenko . 25 June 2022 . From Pushkin to Putin: Russian Literature's Imperial Ideology . 2022-11-13 . . en-US.
4. Web site: Кокотюха . Андрій . 2022-04-23 . Як Пушкін в Україні став аналогом Леніна . 2022-04-23 . detector.media . uk.
5. Web site: 7 April 2022 . У Мукачеві демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну . The monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Mukachevo . 2022-04-11 . . uk.
6. Web site: Береза . Антуан . 9 April 2022 . Дерусифікація триває: в Ужгороді демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну (відео) . Derussification continues: Pushkin monument dismantled in Uzhhorod (video) . УНІАН.
7. News: 9 April 2022 . У Тернополі демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну – мер . Pushkin monument dismantled in Ternopil - mayor . 2022-04-11 . . uk . Свобода . Радіо .
8. Web site: 9 April 2022 . У Тернополі демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну . Monument to Pushkin dismantled in Ternopil . 2022-04-11 . . uk.
9. Web site: Ukraine troops enter centre of Kherson as Russians retreat in chaos. November 11, 2022. the Guardian.
10. Web site: 16 June 2022. Pushkin, Tolstoy, Lermontov, and other russian authors will not be studied in Ukrainian schools. 5 September 2024. . English.
11. Web site: 22 March 2023. 22 March 2023. Geographical names associated with Russia have been banned in Ukraine. . Ukrainian.
12. Web site: 21 April 2023 . Zelenskyy signs law banning geographical names associated with Russia . 21 April 2023 . . English.
13. News: Less than 300 Pushkin streets remain to be renamed in Ukraine. 5 June 2024. . 5 June 2024. Ukrainian.
14. Web site: Бугаєнко . Тетяна . 9 April 2022 . У Тернополі демонтували пам'ятник Алєксандру Пушкіну . Monument to Alexander Pushkin dismantled in Ternopil . ZAXID.NET.
15. Web site: Bugayenko . Tetyana . 9 April 2022 . У Тернополі демонтували пам'ятник Алєксандру Пушкіну . A monument to Alexander Pushkin was dismantled in Ternopil . 2022-11-13 . ZAXID.NET . uk.
16. Web site: April 11, 2022 . У селі на Львівщині демонтують пам'ятник Пушкіну . A monument to Pushkin is dismantled in a village in the Lviv Region . zahid.espreso.tv.
17. Web site: April 19, 2022 . У Кропивницькому запропонували прибрати пам'ятник Пушкіну . In Kropyvnytskyi, it was proposed to remove the monument to Pushkin . 2022-04-23 . Гречка - інформаційний портал кіровоградщини . uk-ua.
18. Web site: July 9, 2022 . Як у Кропивницькому бюст Пушкіну знімали (ВІДЕО) . How a bust of Pushkin was filmed in Kropyvnytskyi (VIDEO) . Гречка.
19. Web site: April 26, 2022 . На Закарпатті "впав" вже шостий пам'ятник Пушкіну. Еспресо.Захід . In Transcarpathia, the sixth monument to Pushkin "fell" . 2022-04-28 . zahid.espreso.tv . uk.
20. Web site: 2022-04-28 . Під час демонтажу відірвало голову: у Конотопі знесли пам'ятник Пушкіну (фото) . A HEAD WAS TORN OFF DURING DISMANTLING: A MONUMENT TO PUSHKIN WAS DEMOLISHED IN KONOTOP (PHOTO) . 2022-04-28 . ТСН.ua . uk.
21. https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/04/30/7343120/ Chernihiv was de-Russified by Pushkin
22. Web site: May 5, 2022 . У ВІННИЦІ ЗНЯЛИ МЕМОРІАЛЬНУ ДОШКУ ПУШКІНУ . A MEMORIAL PLAQUE TO PUSHKIN WAS REMOVED IN VINNYTSIA . 15 November 2022 . naparise.com.
23. https://vikna.if.ua/news/category/all/2022/05/08/133267/view На Прикарпатті демонтували погруддя Пушкіна та комісара Руднєва
24. Web site: У Миколаєві зусиллями невідомих зник пам'ятник Пушкіну (фото) . 2022-05-21 . . uk.
25. Web site: У Нікополі осквернили пам'ятник Пушкіну. Общественная Организация "Прихист". June 2022 . 2022-06-01. ru-RU.
26. Web site: 3 June 2022 . Пушкіна на Федьковича: у Чернівцях пропонують замінити погруддя на будівлі драмтеатру . From Pushkin to Fedkovych: in Chernivtsi, they propose to replace the bust on the drama theater building . acc.cv.ua.
27. Web site: Геть з класу! Зі шкільної програми вилучать більше 40 творів Пушкіна, Толстого, Булгакова та інших російських і радянських авторів . 2022-06-17 . nv.ua . uk.
28. Web site: 27 July 2022 . У Запоріжжі демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну . A monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Zaporizhzhia . 2022-07-28 . www.ukrinform.ua . uk.
29. Web site: Борзенко . Тимофій . 1 September 2022 . У київській гімназії 153 імені Пушкіна знесли погруддя Пушкіна . Pushkin's bust was demolished at the 153 Pushkin Gymnasium in Kyiv .
30. Web site: 12 October 2022 . У Києві демонтували один із пам'ятників Пушкіну, залишилося ще вісім об'єктів . One of Pushkin's monuments dismantled in Kyiv, eight more objects left . 2022-11-13 . gordonua.com.
31. Web site: The monument to Pushkin in Kharkiv has been dismantled, its fate will be determined by the townspeople after the victory - the city council . 2022-11-09 . Інтерфакс-Україна. uk.
32. Web site: Pushkin's bust was dismantled in Kharkiv . 2022-11-09 . Українська правда . uk.
33. Web site: November 9, 2022 . Як демонтували погруддя Пушкіна у Харкові — фото і відео міськради . How Pushkin's bust was dismantled in Kharkiv — photo and video of the city council . racurs.ua.
34. News: 5 June 2024. У Харкові демонтували постамент пам'ятника Пушкіну. The pedestal of the Pushkin monument was dismantled in Kharkiv. Istorychna Pravda. 6 August 2024. Ukrainian.
35. Web site: 11 November 2022 . Monument to Russian poet Pushkin dismantled in Zhytomyr . 2022-11-13 . New Voice of Ukraine . en.
36. Web site: A monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Dnipro (photo). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 December 2022. 16 December 2022. Ukrainian.
37. Web site: Спатарь . Наталія . 2022-11-17 . У Чернівцях демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну — що відомо . 2022-11-17 . Суспільне Новини . uk.
38. Web site: У Нікополі впав пам'ятник поету . 2022-11-21 . dv-gazeta.info . ru.
39. Web site: У Кременчуці знесли пам'ятник Пушкіну . 2022-11-21 . Українська правда.
40. Web site: У центрі Миколаєва демонтували меморіальну дошку Пушкіну . . 2022-11-29 . ru.
41. Web site: Декомунізація. Україна. - Юхууууууу! Ананьїв, Одещина. Демонтовано погруддя Пушкіну. Далі буде. Facebook . 2022-11-29 . www.facebook.com . uk.
42. News: Monuments to Suvorov and Pushkin were dismantled in Tulchyn . 2022-12-09 . Суспільне | Новини . 9 December 2022 . uk. Ковалишена . Юлія .
43. Web site: uk. Чернівці позбулися Пушкіна: демонтовано другий пам'ятник. Українська правда. 2022-12-23.
44. Web site: Декомунізація. Україна. - А це фотопідтвердження демонтованого погруддя Пушкіну у місті Кролевець на Сумщині. Потихеньку кількість подібного окупаційного мотлоху зменшується. Facebook. www.facebook.com. 2022-12-27. uk.
45. Web site: ru. В Черновцах с фасада театра демонтировали бюст Пушкина. РБК. 27 December 2022 . 2022-12-30.
46. Web site: uk. Юхууууууу! Пушкінопад триває.... - Декомунізація. Україна.. www.facebook.com. 2022-12-29.
47. Web site: Stanislav Pogorilov. Pushkinopad got to Kramatorsk: a bust of a Russian poet was demolished in the city. Ukrainska Pravda. 30 December 2022. 30 December 2022. Ukrainian.
48. Web site: Полтава вирішила знести пам'ятники двом радянським генералам і Пушкіну. Poltava decided to demolish monuments to two Soviet generals and Pushkin. Ukrainska Pravda. 7 April 2023. 14 April 2023. Ukrainian.
49. Web site: In Kramatorsk, Plastova, Lubomyr Huzar and Kvitka Tsysyk streets appeared. Historical Pravda. 21 April 2023. 21 April 2023. Ukrainian.
50. Web site: The Verkhovna Rada adopted the "Anti-Pushkin" law. Historical Pravda. 3 May 2023. 3 May 2023. Ukrainian.
51. Web site: Without Pushkin, Krylov and Chkalov: 14 more objects were renamed in Kyiv. Ukrainska Pravda. 13 July 2023. 13 July 2023. Ukrainian.
52. Web site: Kyiv authorities dismantle controversial Pushkin statue. 16 November 2023. The Kyiv Independent. 15 November 2023.
53. Web site: Kharkiv got rid of the Pushkin Theater. 23 October 2023. 26 January 2024. Ukrainian. Status Quo.
54. Web site: A bas-relief of Pushkin was removed from the metro station in Kharkiv (photo). 12 January 2024. 25 January 2024. Ukrainian. Status Quo.
55. Web site: Pushkin's works were removed from the Kharkiv metro (photo). 12 January 2024. 25 January 2024. Ukrainian. Status Quo.
56. Web site: Pushkinska in Kharkiv became Hryhoriy Skovoroda Street. 26 January 2024. 26 January 2024. Ukrainian. Ukrainska Pravda.
57. Web site: After the Russian shelling, the mayor of Kharkiv first proposed renaming Pushkinska Street. 24 January 2024. 26 January 2024. Ukrainian. Ukrainska Pravda.
58. Web site: After the Russian shelling, the mayor of Kharkiv first proposed renaming Pushkinska Street. 24 January 2024. 26 January 2024. Ukrainian. Ukrainska Pravda.
59. News: In Kharkiv, the metro stations «Pushkin» and «South Station» were renamed. 30 April 2024. Ukrinform. 29 April 2024. Ukrainian.
60. Web site: 2024-08-15 . Одещина: у Білгород-Дністровському знесли погруддя Пушкіну . 2024-09-20 . Новини Одеси - Odesa Online . uk-UA.

External links

• Special operation "Derussification". Interview with Vakhtang Kipiani, Editor-in-Chief of Historical Truth