Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia explained

Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, during its existence from 1945 until 1991, include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. During its last census in 1991, Yugoslavia enumerated 23,528,230 people. Serbs had a plurality, followed by Croats, Bosniaks, Albanians, Slovenes and Macedonians.

Ethnic groups

See main article: Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. This is data from the last four Yugoslav censuses (1961, 1971, 1981, and 1991). Ethnic groups that were considered to be constitutive (explicitly mentioned in the constitution, and not considered minority or immigrant) appear in bold text.

Nationality 1961 % 1971 % 1981 % 1991 %
Serbsalign=right 7,806,152align=right 42.1%align=right 8,143,246align=right 39.7% align=right 8,140,507align=right 36.3%align=right 8,526,872align=right 36.2%
Croatsalign=right 4,293,809align=right 23.2%align=right 4,526,782align=right 22.1%align=right 4,428,043align=right 19.7%align=right 4,636,700align=right 19.7%
Slav Muslimsalign=right 972,960align=right 5.3%align=right 1,729,932align=right 8.4%align=right 1,999,890align=right 8.9%align=right 2,353,002align=right 10.0%
Albaniansalign=right 914,733align=right 4.9%align=right 1,309,523align=right 6.4%align=right 1,730,878align=right 7.7%align=right 2,178,393align=right 9.3%
Slovenes align=right 1,589,211align=right 8.6%align=right 1,678,032align=right 8.2%align=right 1,753,571align=right 7.8%align=right 1,760,460align=right 7.5%
Macedoniansalign=right 1,045,516align=right 5.7%align=right 1,194,784align=right 5.8%align=right 1,341,598align=right 6.0%align=right 1,372,272align=right 5.8%
Yugoslavs align=right 317,124align=right 1.7%align=right 273,077align=right 1.3% align=right 1,209,024align=right 5.4%align=right 710,394align=right 3.0%
Montenegrinsalign=right 513,832align=right 2.8%align=right 508,843align=right 2.5% align=right 579,043align=right 2.6%align=right 539,262align=right 2.3%
Hungariansalign=right 504,369align=right 2.7%align=right 477,374align=right 2.3% align=right 426,867align=right 1.9%align=right 378,997align=right 1.6%
Romanialign=right align=right align=right 78,485align=right 0.4% align=right 148,604align=right 0.7%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Turksalign=right align=right align=right 127,920align=right 0.6% align=right 101,328align=right 0.5%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Slovaksalign=right align=right align=right 83,656align=right 0.4% align=right 80,300align=right 0.4%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Romaniansalign=right align=right align=right 58,570align=right 0.3% align=right 54,721align=right 0.2%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Bulgariansalign=right align=right align=right 58,627align=right 0.3% align=right 36,642align=right 0.2%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Vlachsalign=right align=right align=right 21,990align=right 0.1%align=right 32,071align=right 0.1%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Rusynsalign=right align=right align=right 24,640align=right 0.1%align=right 23,320align=right 0.1%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Czechsalign=right align=right align=right 24,620align=right 0.1%align=right 19,609align=right 0.1%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Italiansalign=right align=right align=right 21,791align=right 0.1% align=right 15,116align=right 0.1%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Ukrainiansalign=right align=right align=right 13,972align=right 0.1% align=right 12,716align=right 0.1%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Germansalign=right align=right align=right 12,875align=right 0.1% align=right ?align=right ?align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Russiansalign=right align=right align=right 7,427align=right align=right ?align=right ?align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Jewsalign=right align=right align=right 4,811align=right align=right ?align=right ?align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Polesalign=right align=right align=right 4,033align=right align=right ?align=right ?align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Greeksalign=right align=right align=right 1,564align=right align=right ?align=right ?align=right n/aalign=right n/a
other/not determinedalign=right 591,585align=right 3.2%align=right 136,398align=right 0.6% align=right 302,254align=right 1.5%align=right n/aalign=right n/a
Totalalign=right 18,549,291align=right 100.00%align=right 20,522,972align=right 100.0% align=right 22,438,331align=right 100.00%align=right 23,528,230align=right 100.0%

Republics by population

The population data are from the 1991 census.

Rank Republic/Province Population 1991 %
align=right 1align=right 9,791,475align=right 40.9%
align=right --- Serbia properalign=right 5,824,126align=right 24.0%
align=right 2align=right 4,784,265align=right 20.6%
align=right 3 align=right 4,364,574align=right 18.8%
align=right 4align=right 2,033,964align=right 8.8%
align=right --- Vojvodinaalign=right 2,012,605align=right 8.6%
align=right --- align=right 1,954,744align=right 8.4%
align=right 5align=right 1,962,606align=right 8.2%
align=right 6 align=right 615,276 align=right 2.6%
align=right 23,528,230align=right 100%

Republics by population density

Rank Republic/Province Population Area (km2) Density
align=right ---align=right 1,954,744align=right 10,887align=right 183.1
align=right 1align=right 9,791,475align=right 88,361align=right 114.0
align=right --- Serbia properalign=right 5,824,126align=right 55,968align=right 99.4
align=right 2align=right 1,962,606align=right 20,251align=right 94.5
align=right --- Vojvodinaalign=right 2,012,605align=right 21,506align=right 92.8
align=right 3align=right 4,364,574align=right 51,129align=right 85.6
align=right 4align=right 4,784,265align=right 56,538align=right 84.6
align=right 5align=right 2,033,964align=right 25,713align=right 79.1
align=right 6align=right 615,276align=right 13,810align=right 44.5
align=right 23,528,230align=right 255,804align=right 92.6

Largest cities

According to the 1991 census, there were 19 cities in Yugoslavia with more than 100,000 inhabitants.The population of these cities has developed as follows:[1]

Population of the largest cities in Yugoslavia (in thousands)
City1921195319811991
Belgrad111,7470,21.145,01.168,0
Zagreb108,3350,8768,7933,9
Skopje41,1119,0405,9-
Sarajevo60,1111,7-415,6
Ljubljana53,3111,2--
Split25,061,2169,3189,4
Novi Sad39,283,2169,8179,6
Niš25,160,7161,0175,4
Rijeka75,3158,3168,0
Kragujevac15,740,687,0147,3
Zenica7,622,6-145,6
Banja Luka18,030,4123,8142,6
Tuzla14,225,065,0131,9
Mostar18,225,9-126,1
Titograd8,713,695,8117,8
Priština14,324,169,5108,1
Maribor30,670,8104,7-
Osijek34,457,4104,2104,8
Subotica101,959,8100,2100,4

In addition to demographic changes, the incorporation of suburbs is also responsible for the changes in the number of inhabitants. Rijeka (Fiume) was still part of Italy in 1921.

Vital statistics

Vital statistics 1947–1991

Vital statistics[2] [3] Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rateFemale fertile population (15–49 years)
194715,679,000416,799199,902216,89726.612.713.8
194815,901,032446,634214,015232,61928.113.514.6
194916,133,000483,663217,180266,48330.013.516.5
195016,339,860492,993212,165280,82830.213.017.23.774,411,195
195116,578,223446,254234,689211,56526.914.212.83.324,455,670
195216,793,498498,172197,520300,65229.711.817.93.654,500,131
195317,048,601484,139211,790272,34928.412.416.03.414,544,601
1954[4] 17,284,632493,567187,521306,04628.610.817.73.404,600,326
1955[5] 17,522,438471,394199,982271,41226.911.415.53.184,656,054
195617,690,580460,235198,497261,73826.011.214.83.044,711,776
195717,865,515426,701190,334236,36723.910.713.22.774,745,520
195818,034,999432,399166,801265,59824.09.214.72.794,749,438
195918,226,203424,276180,747243,52923.39.913.42.764,708,379
1960[6] 18,402,257432,595182,693249,90223.59.913.62.834,689,628
196118,592,567422,180167,447254,73322.79.013.72.784,670,880
196218,815,935413,093186,843226,25022.09.912.02.684,766,916
196319,036,409407,406169,744237,66221.48.912.52.644,804,648
196419,260,364401,104181,255219,84920.89.411.42.624,861,010
1965[7] 19,489,605408,158170,549237,60920.98.812.22.694,938,773
196619,739,122399,802159,570240,23220.38.112.22.645,043,670
196719,960,120389,640174,060215,58019.58.710.82.555,176,374
196820,121,246382,543174,800207,74319.08.710.32.475,291,934
196920,251,498382,764188,693194,07118.99.39.62.435,421,866
1970[8] 20,386,272363,278181,843181,43517.88.98.92.275,492,906
197120,579,890375,762179,113196,64918.38.79.62.385,458,432
197220,797,221380,743190,578190,16518.39.29.12.365,518,843
197321,008,154379,051180,997198,05418.08.69.42.315,575,065
197421,223,359382,947177,691205,25618.08.49.72.295,596,395
1975[9] 21,441,297388,037184,907203,13018.18.69.52.285,651,830
197621,674,043392,364182,965209,39918.18.49.72.265,684,130
197721,900,681384,637182,803201,83417.68.39.22.195,706,563
197822,121,687381,387191,087190,30017.28.68.62.165,720,058
197922,297,376378,803190,304188,49917.08.58.52.135,748,224
1980[10] 22,359,500382,120197,369184,75117.18.88.32.145,776,387
198122,499,154369,047201,201167,84616.48.97.52.095,706,892
198222,646,153378,814203,272175,54216.79.07.82.145,686,451
198322,800,697374,610218,980155,63016.49.66.82.115,704,798
198422,954,868377,362214,725162,63716.49.47.12.115,729,944
1985[11] 23,121,383366,629212,883153,74615.99.26.62.055,764,187
198623,259,342359,626213,149146,47715.59.26.32.005,830,545
198723,393,494359,338214,666144,67215.49.26.22.005,820,653
198823,526,195356,268213,466142,80215.19.16.11.985,838,991
198923,594,157336,394215,483120,91114.39.15.11.885,895,545
1990[12] [13] 23,657,623335,152212,148123,00414.29.05.21.875,922,912
1991[14] 23,532,279325,922221,929103,99313.89.44.41.945,669,046
Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rateFemale fertile population (15–49 years)

Marriages and divorces 1947–1991

Average populationMarriagesDivorcesCrude marriage rate (per 1000)Crude divorce rate (per 1000)Divorces per 1000 marriages
194715,679,000205,83520,91513.11.3101.6
194815,901,032203,82224,58612.81.5120.6
194916,133,000184,07816,98511.41.192.3
195016,339,860185,96517,87911.41.196.1
195116,578,223170,13315,53810.30.991.3
195216,793,498176,05512,35910.50.770.2
195317,048,601167,94016,0209.90.995.4
195417,284,632171,54716,0539.90.993.6
195517,522,438162,71119,3899.31.1119.2
195617,690,580156,37919,3368.81.1123.6
195717,865,515154,97020,4218.71.1131.8
195818,034,999170,24221,8569.41.2128.4
195918,226,203163,57221,4839.01.2131.3
196018,402,257168,12022,0859.11.2131.4
196118,592,567168,51021,5329.11.2127.8
196218,815,935162,67221,1988.61.1130.3
196319,036,409157,90921,3288.31.1135.1
196419,260,364166,99821,4058.71.1128.2
196519,489,605174,30121,6498.91.1124.2
196619,739,122168,78923,0428.61.2136.5
196719,960,120169,28220,8408.51.0123.1
196820,121,246170,47020,9848.51.0123.1
196920,251,498174,50720,1788.61.0115.6
197020,386,272182,70420,4739.01.0112.1
197120,579,890183,91621,3478.91.0116.1
197220,797,221186,15622,0409.01.1118.4
197321,008,154183,66523,2218.71.1126.4
197421,223,359181,19224,8028.51.2136.9
197521,441,297180,04625,1378.41.2139.6
197621,674,043174,91824,4318.11.1139.7
197721,900,681178,78322,9908.21.0128.6
197822,121,687178,81924,1808.11.1135.2
197922,297,376176,31021,9527.91.0124.5
198022,359,500171,43922,5837.71.0131.7
198122,499,154173,03622,5577.71.0130.4
198222,646,153172,35922,7157.61.0131.8
198322,800,697171,90622,1277.51.0128.7
198422,954,868167,78922,2607.31.0132.7
198523,121,383163,02223,9527.11.0146.9
198623,259,342160,27722,5576.91.0140.7
198723,393,494163,46922,9077.01.0140.1
198823,526,195160,41923,1276.81.0144.2
198923,594,157158,54422,7616.71.0143.6
199023,657,623146,97520,5516.20.9139.8
199123,532,279134,82617,5515.70.7130.2
Average populationMarriagesDivorcesCrude marriage rate (per 1000)Crude divorce rate (per 1000)Divorces per 1000 marriages

History of national minorities in SFR Yugoslavia

1940s and 1950s

The SFRY recognised "nations" (narodi) and "nationalities" (narodnosti) separately; the former included the constituent Slavic peoples, while the latter included other Slavic and non-Slavic ethnic groups such as Bulgarians and Slovaks (Slavic); and Hungarians and Albanians (non-Slavic). About a total of 26 known ethnic groups were known to live in Yugoslavia, including non-European originated Romani people.

Some of the largest non-Slavic ethnic minorities – Hungarians of Serbia, Germans (predominantly Danube Swabians), Kosovar Albanians and Istrian Italians – had been considered "troublesome" by Yugoslav authorities already in the first, interwar Yugoslavia, in part for supporting their ethnic interests and nation states as opposed to pan-Slavic ambitions during World War I.

[15] Minority rights of non-Slavs were neither guaranteed nor upheld, but rather stifled if they had proved "anti-Yugoslavian". Education in Hungarian and German was limited, a number of Hungarian and German cultural societies had been banned in the Kingdom until the late 1930s, when the country drifted towards pro-axis positions. Nonetheless, local Germans collaborated with the Nazi occupation forces during World War II, and ethnic Hungarians generally welcomed the return of Bačka region to Hungary. The Yugoslav communist partisan movement was unpopular among those minorities, with the German Ernst Thälmann unit existing merely on paper and the Hungarian Petőfi unit numbering mere hundred men. After the occupation forces were pushed out of Yugoslavia, tens of thousands of Germans, Hungarians and Italians were either imprisoned in labor camps (such as Goli Otok prison) or executed in summary executions.

After World War II, around 250,000 Germans and Italians were expelled or fled from the country, fearing reprisals, their property confiscated, in the events known as the expulsion of Germans after World War II and Istrian–Dalmatian exodus, the latter in the newly annexed areas in Istria and Rijeka, as well as from Dalmatia. Hundreds (several thousands, according to some estimates) were summarily killed in the process. The same befell Hungarians, who faced mass murders in Vojvodina. Modern estimates vary about 35 000 - 40 000 Hungarians killed. After the war, however, free education in the native languages of the minorities were guaranteed by the Communist constitution.

During the era of Tito–Stalin split, many Hungarians (who in 1953 made up around 25% of the population in Vojvodina) were sympathetic towards the Hungarian People's Republic, and the words of Radio Budapest spread among the villagers.

In 1950s, various ethnic stereotypes about specific nations in the country were commonly recounted and circulated in the media. Bulgarians were reported to be a "poor and backward minority", while in contrast, Czechs and Slovaks were "industrious and valuable minorities" for Yugoslavia. Some Czechs and Slovaks also emigrated after the war, but a "large number" of them returned after communists seized power in Czechoslovakia in 1948.

See also

Books

. Tim Judah . The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press . 2008 . 9780300147841. 845556553.

Journals

Notes and References

  1. For 1921: Brockhaus 15th edition; For 1953: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije 1st edition, volume 4, p. 599; For 1981: Brockhaus 19th edition (in the table in the article "Yugoslavia" there are incorrect details for Belgrade, Zagreb, Sarajevo and Ljubljana due to the inclusion of the agglomerations); For 1991: Brockhaus 20th edition
  2. Web site: Eurostat/Database/Population and social conditions/Demography and migration(demo).
  3. Web site: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
  4. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1954.
  5. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1955.
  6. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1960.
  7. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1965.
  8. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1970.
  9. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1975.
  10. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1980.
  11. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1985.
  12. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1990.
  13. Web site: Demography statistics 1990,Yugoslavia.
  14. Web site: Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1991.
  15. Yugoslavia's National Minorities under Communism by Paul Shoup In: Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Mar., 1963), pp. 64-81

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.