Demographics of Portugal explained

Place:Portugal
Size Of Population: 10,639,726 (2023)
Growth:1.2% (2023)
Birth:8.1 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death:11.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life:81.2 years (2023)
Life Male:78.4 years (2023)
Life Female:83.7 years (2023)
Fertility: 1.44 children (2023)
Infant Mortality:2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2023)
Net Migration:14.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023)
Sr At Birth:1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
Total Mf Ratio:0.9 male(s)/female (2022)
Nation:Portuguese citizen
Major Ethnic:Portuguese
Official:Portuguese
Spoken:Languages of Portugal
Age 0–14 Years:12.8% (2023)
Age 15–64 Years:63.1% (2023)
Age 65 Years:24.1% (2023)

Demographic features of the population of Portugal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As of 2023, Portugal had an estimated population of 10,639,726 inhabitants.[1] Its population density, at, is slightly higher than that of most EU countries, moderately surpassing the EU average of .[2] [3] However, the distribution of the population is widely uneven; the most densely populated areas are the Lisbon metropolitan area (which contains well above a quarter of the country's population), the metropolitan areas of Porto and the Atlantic coast, while other vast areas are very sparsely populated, like the plateaus of Alentejo, the Trás-os-Montes and Serra da Estrela highlands, and the lesser islands of the Azores archipelago.

The population of the country almost doubled during the twentieth century (+91%), but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural North to the industrial cities of Lisbon and Porto, a phenomenon which happened as a consequence of the robust economic growth and structural modernisation, owing to a liberalisation of the economy of the 1960s.

High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1980s, after which they started to dramatically decline, leading to rapid population aging. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, almost one in five Portuguese was over 65 years old.[4] Lately, Portugal has been experiencing a short growth in birth rates. The total fertility rate has climbed from an all-time low of 1.21 children per woman in 2013 to 1.43 in 2022, still well below replacement level.

Due to decrease in emigration and increase in immigration in the late 1990s and early 2000s the total population reached its peak in December 2009, standing at 10,573,479. Since then, due to the 2008 financial crisis, immigration (that was- in some years - surpassed by emigration) could not offset a shrinking population size, mainly due to the low birthrate but, also due to aging, the rising mortality. After having decreased by 2.27% by 2018, the total population of Portugal started to grow again, mainly sustained by growing immigration and slightly increasing birth rates.[5] [6] By 2023, the total population had already surpassed the 2009 peak.

Portugal is a fairly linguistically and religiously homogeneous country. Ethnically, the Portuguese people form a big majority of the total population in Portugal. The Portuguese people are mainly a combination of ancient paleolithic populations, and the proto-Celtic, Celtic and Iberian tribes, para-Celtic Lusitanians. Some other groups, like the Romans, Germanic (Visigoths, Suevi, Buri, Alans and Vandals) and later the Moorish (Arabs and Berber), Sephardic Jewish, and the French also passed through the country.

Today, Brazilians, Britons, Indians, Italians, French, Ukrainians, Nepalis and countries members of PALOP (Portuguese-speaking African countries) are the main immigrants and form the major foreign communities in the country.[7] [8]

Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only some villages near the northern municipality of Miranda do Douro speaking Mirandese, locally recognised as a co-official language.

Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.

[9]

Vital statistics since 1900

[10] [11]
[12] [13] [14] 		Average population (December 31)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Total fertility rates[15] [16]
19005,410,000165,245110,33054,91530.520.310.2 3.96
19015,460,000170,773114,13056,64331.320.910.4 -1.24.07
19025,490,000176,029108,37867,65132.019.712.4 -6.94.16
19035,560,000183,138111,68571,45333.020.112.9 -0.14.29
19045,600,000176,726105,57271,15431.618.912.7 -5.54.11
19055,660,000179,746112,75666,99031.820.011.8 -1.14.13
19065,690,000182,920125,24357,67732.122.010.1 -4.84.17
19075,730,000176,417113,25463,16330.719.711.0 -4.03.99
19085,790,000175,268115,87659,39230.320.010.2 0.33.94
19095,850,000174,753112,42162,33229.919.210.8 -0.33.89
19105,890,000186,953113,16173,79231.719.212.5 -5.74.12
19115,960,000230,033130,90099,13338.622.016.6 -4.75.02
19125,960,000207,870119,57888,29234.920.114.8 -14.84.54
19135,970,000193,906123,05470,85232.520.611.9 -10.24.22
19145,980,000188,479115,52672,95331.519.312.0 -10.34.09
19155,990,000195,225122,51372,71232.620.512.0 -10.34.24
19166,000,000192,780129,38963,39132.121.610.7 -9.04.17
19176,000,000188,391134,08254,30931.422.39.1 -9.14.08
19186,020,000178,687248,978-70,29129.741.4-11.6 14.93.86
19196,020,000166,162152,85613,30627.625.42.2 -2.23.59
19206,040,000202,908142,86260,04633.623.79.9 -6.64.37
19216,070,000197,022126,31670,70632.420.811.7 -6.74.21
19226,170,000203,727125,74777,98033.120.412.6 3.94.3
19236,240,000207,172141,77565,39733.222.710.5 0.84.32
19246,310,000207,440126,05281,38832.820.012.8 -1.64.26
19256,370,000208,434117,41391,02132.618.414.3 -4.84.24
19266,470,000214,633127,95986,67433.519.813.4 2.34.36
19276,550,000199,399123,38276,01731.018.811.6 0.84.03
19286,620,000211,314124,08887,22631.918.713.2 -2.54.15
19296,720,000200,874118,82482,05029.917.712.2 2.93.89
19306,804,000202,529116,35286,17729.717.112.7 -0.23.86
19316,860,000204,120115,22588,89529.716.813.0-4.8 3.86
19326,968,000208,062118,89589,16729.917.112.8 2.93.89
19337,057,000204,315120,99683,31928.917.211.8 1.03.88
19347,147,000203,158118,53984,61928.416.611.8 1.03.74
19357,237,000203,943123,05180,89228.217.011.2 1.43.59
19367,326,000205,615119,00386,61228.116.211.8 0.53.45
19377,416,000198,217117,29180,92626.715.810.9 1.43.39
19387,506,000199,467115,33184,13626.615.411.2 0.93.34
19397,595,000198,888116,07582,81326.215.310.9 1.03.28
19407,696,000187,892120,48667,40624.415.78.8 4.53.22
19417,750,000184,336134,93749,39923.817.46.4 0.63.12
19427,810,000187,503126,53160,97224.016.17.8 -0.13.14
19437,890,000198,101121,88776,21425.115.39.7 0.53.27
19447,960,000201,373119,27582,09825.314.810.3 -1.43.28
19458,040,000209,131115,59693,53526.014.211.6 -1.53.39
19468,100,000205,825120,80085,02525.414.910.5 -3.03.29
19478,180,000200,488110,43790,05124.513.511.0 -1.13.14
19488,262,000220,981107,576113,40526.713.013.7 -3.73.42
19498,333,000212,260117,49994,76125.514.111.4 -2.83.23
19508,405,000205,163102,798102,36524.412.212.2 -3.63.1
19518,459,000207,870105,473102,39724.612.512.1 -5.73.1
19528,496,000211,213100,486110,72724.911.813.0 -8.63.1
19538,534,000202,13597,460104,67523.711.412.3 -7.83.1
19548,570,000197,53695,088102,44823.011.112.0 -7.83.1
19558,610,000209,79099,472110,31824.411.612.8 -8.13.1
19568,647,000202,667106,91995,74823.412.411.1 -6.83.11
19578,680,000211,494101,784109,71024.411.712.6 -8.83.12
19588,725,000212,46791,891120,57624.410.513.8 -8.63.13
19598,826,000213,06297,754115,30824.311.113.1 -1.53.15
19608,865,000213,89595,009118,88623.910.613.3 8.93.16
19618,929,000217,51699,590117,92624.311.113.2 -6.03.18
19628,994,000220,20096,864123,33624.410.713.7 -6.43.18
19639,031,000212,15298,011114,14123.410.812.6 -8.53.19
19649,034,000217,13696,878120,25823.810.613.2-12.9 3.19
19658,999,000210,29995,187115,11223.010.412.6 -16.53.18
19668,931,000206,940100,088106,85222.711.012 -19.63.16
19678,875,000202,06195,816106,24522.210.511.7 -18.03.13
19688,837,000194,96294,661100,30121.410.411.0 -15.33.09
19698,758,000189,739101,08888,65120.911.19.7 -18.63.05
19708,663,252180,69092,85487,83620.910.710.1 -20.92.99
19718,624,258181,24398,35582,88821.011.49.6 -14.12.99
19728,636,603174,68590,02584,66020.210.49.8 -8.42.85
19738,629,598172,32495,23977,08520.011.08.9 -9.72.76
19748,879,127171,97996,83775,14219.410.98.5 20.22.69
19759,307,815179,64897,75081,89819.310.58.8 39.52.75
19769,403,809186,712101,84384,86919.910.89.0 1.32.81
19779,507,536181,06495,91785,14719.010.19.0 2.02.68
19789,608,959167,46796,04271,42517.410.07.4 3.32.45
19799,713,570160,31192,56667,74516.59.57.0 3.92.31
19809,818,980158,30994,79463,51516.19.76.5 4.42.25
19819,883,670152,07195,72856,34315.49.75.70.9 2.13
19829,939,871151,00292,37958,62315.29.35.9 -0.22.08
19839,975,859144,29696,17948,11714.59.64.8 -1.21.96
198410,016,605142,78396,97545,80814.39.74.6 -0.51.91
198510,030,621130,45097,08533,36513.09.73.3 -1.91.73
198610,034,846126,71595,52131,19412.69.53.1 -2.71.67
198710,025,215123,17995,10228,07712.39.52.8 -3.81.63
198810,014,005122,09397,84424,24912.29.82.4 -3.51.62
19899,995,995118,48395,74322,74011.99.62.3 -4.11.58
19909,970,441116,321102,76813,55311.710.31.4 -4.01.57
19919,950,029116,299103,88212,41711.710.41.2 -3.21.56
19929,954,958114,924100,63814,28611.510.11.4 -0.91.54
19939,974,391113,960105,9508,01011.410.60.8 1.21.52
199410,008,659109,22799,2329,99510.99.91.0 2.41.45
199510,043,693107,097103,4753,62210.710.30.4 3.11.41
199610,084,196110,261106,8813,38010.910.60.3 3.71.45
199710,133,758112,933104,7788,15511.110.30.8 4.11.47
199810,186,634113,384106,1987,18611.110.40.7 4.51.48
199910,249,022116,002107,8718,13111.310.50.8 5.31.51
200010,330,774120,008105,36414,64411.610.21.4 6.61.55
200110,394,669112,774105,0927,68210.810.10.7 5.51.45
200210,444,592114,383106,2588,12511.010.20.8 4.01.47
200310,473,050112,515108,7953,72010.710.40.4 2.31.44
200410,494,672109,298102,0127,28610.49.70.7 1.41.41
200510,511,988109,399107,4641,93510.410.20.2 1.41.42
200610,532,588105,449101,9903,45910.09.70.3 1.71.38
200710,553,339102,492103,512-1,0209.79.8-0.1 2.11.35
200810,563,014104,594104,2803149.99.90.0 0.81.40
200910,573,47999,491104,434-4,9439.49.9-0.5 1.51.35
201010,572,721101,381105,954-4,5739.610.0-0.4 0.31.39
201110,558,95096,856102,848-5,9929.29.8-0.6 -0.71.35
201210,503,88989,841107,612-17,7718.610.3-1.7 -3.51.28
201310,444,09282,787106,554-23,7677.910.2-2.3 -3.41.21
201410,395,12182,367104,843-22,4767.910.1-2.2 -2.51.23
201510,368,55485,500108,539-23,0398.310.5-2.2 -0.41.30
201610,344,47887,126110,573-23,4478.510.7-2.3 01.36
201710,335,77086,154109,758-23,6048.410.7-2.3 1.51.37
201810,333,49687,020113,051-26,0318.511.0-2.5 2.31.41
201910,375,39586,579111,843-25,2648.410.9-2.4 6.51.42
202010,394,29784,530123,396-38,8668.212.0-3.8 5.61.40
202110,421,11779,582124,841-45,2207.712.1-4.4 7.01.34
202210,516,62183,671124,311-40,6408.011.9-3.98.31.42
2023[17] 10,639,72685,699118,295-32,5968.111.1-3.014.71.44

Current vital statistics

[18]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - June 202341,41360,691-19,278
January - June 202440,71561,682-20,967
Difference -698 (-1.69%) +991 (+1.63%) -1,689

Structure of the population

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 920 2205 422 84610 343 066100.00
0–4218 527207 185425 7124.07
5–9222 278210 889433 1674.14
10–14251 339240 793492 1324.70
15–19266 963255 595522 5584.99
20–24287 540273 647560 8875.36
25–29280 721268 129548 8505.24
30–34287 493284 268571 7615.46
35–39305 503314 418619 9215.92
40–44351 485375 132726 6176.94
45–49392 737423 651816 3887.80
50–54366 189400 157766 3467.32
55–59351 700397 580749 2807.16
60–64339 143386 682725 8256.93
65–69309 373359 065668 4386.39
70–74282 050335 766617 8165.90
75–79215 263278 986494 2494.72
80–84148 007211 012359 0193.43
85+125 800242 600368 4003.52
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14692 144658 8671 351 01112.91
15–643 272 8793 335 5546 608 43363.13
65+1 036 7881 386 8512 507 92223.96
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 083 5685 556 15810 639 726100.00
0–4221 121208 651429 7724.04
5–9229 621218 559448 1804.21
10–14247 542238 274485 8164.57
15–19269 206258 900528 1064.96
20–24290 561280 090570 6515.36
25–29291 928278 498570 4265.36
30–34300 061295 770595 8315.60
35–39308 975316 753625 7285.88
40–44352 038373 875725 9136.82
45–49394 465425 996820 4617.71
50–54373 346409 236782 5827.36
55–59354 591400 294754 8857.09
60–64344 026392 774736 8006.92
65–69316 994368 303685 2976.44
70–74282 121337 022619 1435.82
75–79225 565291 354516 9194.86
80–84150 497213 353363 8503.42
85+130 910248 456379 3663.57
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14698 284665 4841 363 76812.82
15–643 279 1973 432 1866 711 38363.08
65+1 106 0871 458 4882 564 57524.10

Maps

Other demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the World Population Review.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Total population:
  • 10,639,726 (2023 official INE estimate)[19]
    Age structure of the resident population
  • 2023 official INE estimate:[20]
    Median age:
    Birth rate:
  • 8.1 births/1,000 population (2023 official INE estimate)[23]
    Death rate:
  • 11.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 official INE estimate)[24]
    Total fertility rate:
  • 1.44 children born/woman (2023 official INE estimate)[25]
    Net migration rate:
  • 14.70 net migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 official INE estimate)[26] [27]
    Population growth rate:
  • + 1.17 % (2023 official INE estimate)[20]
    Mother's mean age at first birth:
  • 30.2 years (2023 official INE estimate)[20]
    Life expectancy at birth:
    PeriodLife expectancy in
    Years    		PeriodLife expectancy in
    Years
    1950–195560.31990–199574.9
    1955–196062.41995–200076.0
    1960–196564.52000–200577.6
    1965–197066.42005–201079.3
    1970–197568.32010–201580.5
    1975–198070.42015–202081.1
    1980–198572.52020–202482.6
    1985–199074.0
    Source: UN World Population Prospects[28]
    Infant mortality rate:
  • 2022 official INE estimate:
    Infant mortality rate
    Years[30] 1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975
    Deaths/1,000 live births77.588.878.673.169.064.964.759.261.155.855.551.941.444.837.938.9
    Years1976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991
    Deaths/1,000 live births33.430.329.126.024.321.819.819.216.717.815.814.313.012.110.910.8
    Years1992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007
    Deaths/1,000 live births9.28.67.97.46.86.46.05.65.55.05.04.13.83.53.33.4
    Years2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
    Deaths/1,000 live births3.33.62.53.13.42.92.92.93.22.73.32.92.42.42.62.5
    Dependency ratios:
  • 2022 official INE estimate:
    Urbanization:
  • urban population: 73.38% of total population (2020 official INE estimate[31])
  • rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
    Sex ratio:
  • 2022 official INE estimate:

    Employment and income

    Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
  • total: 23.1%. Country comparison to the world: 66th
  • male: 20.6%
  • female: 26.2% (2021 est.)

    Urban organization

    Metropolitan areas and agglomerations

    As of 2023, Portugal had two significant agglomerations: the political metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto – Grande Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (3.0 million) and Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto (1.8 million). Together they host 44.77% of the total population.[35]

    ImageCityMetropolitan areaCore municipality
    Lisbon2,961,177567,131
    Porto1,802,664248,769

    Largest urban areas

    When considering the number of inhabitants in consistent single urban areas, de facto cities in mainland Portugal, per the new with increased density of human-created structures, and excluding suburban and rural areas, Portugal has two cities with about one million inhabitants each (Lisbon and Porto), ten others with more than 50,000 inhabitants and 14 cities with populations between 20,000 and 40,000 inhabitants.[36]

    Largest cities

    Portugal has 151 localities with national city status (cidade). Every city is included into a municipality (município). This is a list of population by city, which means that it refers to the number of inhabitants in the city proper, excluding inhabitants from the same municipality but living outside the urban area of the city in other civil parishes (freguesias) of the municipality. In some cases (e.g. Lisbon), the entire municipality and the city proper cover the same territory.[37] [38] [39]

    RankCity namePopulationMetropolitan areaSubregion
    1 548,703Grande Lisboa
    2 240,592Grande Porto
    3 188,443 Grande Porto
    4 174,511Grande Lisboa
    5 148,977 Cávado
    6 106,655 Baixo Mondego
    7 106,429Madeira
    8 98,470 Península de Setúbal
    9 88,202 Península de Setúbal
    10 81,006 Grande Lisboa
    11 73,047 Grande Lisboa
    12 65,469 Grande Porto
    13 62,860 Península de Setúbal
    14 62,130 Baixo Vouga
    15 60,570 Dão-Lafões
    16 58,170 Grande Lisboa
    17 54,750 Ave
    18 54,540 Pinhal Litoral
    19 49,360 Algarve
    20 49,034 Grande Porto
    21 46,246 Grande Lisboa
    22 43,810 Algarve
    23 41,206 Grande Porto
    24 41,140 Península de Setúbal
    25 40,534 Grande Porto
    26 40,373 Alentejo Central
    27 40,130 Península de Setúbal
    28 40,050 Açores
    29 39,576 Entre Douro e Vouga
    30 38,570 Grande Porto

    Largest municipalities by population

    The following table lists the largest Portuguese municipalities by population as of 2023. The land area is expressed in km2 and only municipalities with populations of over 100,000 inhabitants are listed. The 26 listed municipalities account for 46.10% of the country's population and for only 5.14% of its total land area.[40]

    RankMunicipalityPopulationLand AreaDensityMetropolitan area
    1 567,131 100.055,668.5Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    2 395,528 319.231,239.0Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    3 311,223 168.461,847.5Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
    4 248,769 41.426,006.0Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
    5 219,636 97.402,255.0Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    6 207,065 167.241,238.1Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    7 201,583 183.401,099.1
    8 181,232 70.212,581.3Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    9 179,558 62.422,876.6Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
    10 178,253 23.787,495.9Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    11 175,677 45.883,829.1Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    12 173,163 95.501,813.2Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    13 168,582 131.861,278.5Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
    14 156,789 240.95650.7
    15 153,708 26.545,791.6Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    16 144,822 319.40453.4
    17 142,594 82.991,718.2Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
    18 139,837 215.88647.8Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
    19 139,452 318.19438.3Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    20 135,994 201.59674.6
    21 133,795 565.09236.8
    22 123,548 230.33536.4Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
    23 117,005 378.90308.8
    24 107,562 76.141,412.7
    25 101,977 507.10201.1
    26 100,166 75.121,333.4Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto

    People

    See main article: Portuguese people.

    Nationality

    noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)

    adjective: Portuguese

    Immigration

    See main article: Immigration to Portugal. In 1992, 1.3% of the population was foreign, by 2022 the number had grown to almost 7,47% or 781,915 people.

    Since the independence of the former African colonies, Portugal saw a steady immigration from Africa, most notably Cape Verde, Angola and Guinea-Bissau, but also São Tomé and Príncipe, Mozambique and former Portuguese India in Asia.

    Portugal saw migration waves due to labor shortages since 1999, first from Eastern Europe (1999–2002), in two distinctive groups, a Slav (Ukraine, Russia and Bulgaria) and an East Latin (Romania and Moldova), that stopped and started declining as the labour market became saturated.

    Since 2003, most of the immigrants came from Brazil, China and the Indian subcontinent. Family reunification was seen as important for a successful integration in the country, thus the government eased it, and in 2006, more than 6 in 10 new immigrants were family members of legal foreign residents in the country.[41]

    There is also a significant number of elderly Western European residents in search of quality of life, namely from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.

    More recently, there is significant migration from the former Portuguese colony of Brazil, as since 2017 more than 30,000 Brazilians immigrate to Portugal annually.

    Below is a summary table of the main foreign nationalities present in Portugal according to the latest SEFSTAT data. As of December 31, 2022, there were 781,247 legally resident people in Portugal with foreign citizenship (about 7.47% of the population). These include both citizens born in Portugal with foreign citizenship and foreign immigrants. Descendants of immigrants are excluded (Portugal, like many European countries, does not collect data on ethnicity) and those who, regardless of place of birth or citizenship at birth, were Portuguese citizens (see also Portuguese nationality law). Among the latter are also naturalized citizens whose data are reported in the next table.

    Largest groups of foreign residents as of 01.01.2023!Nationality!Population[42]
    Brazil239,744
    United Kingdom45,218
    Cape Verde36,748
    India35,416
    Italy34,039
    Angola31,761
    France27,512
    Ukraine25,445
    Nepal23,839
    Guinea-Bissau23,737
    Romania23,393
    China22,000
    Germany20,500
    Spain19,508
    Bangladesh16,468
    13,077
    Netherlands12,066
    Pakistan10,828
    Other countries 120,616

    Below is a summary table of Portuguese citizenship acquisitions by foreigners residing in the country recorded between 2008 and 2022 for countries having recorded at least 1,000 naturalizations during the given timespan. During this period, 342,458 people (3.27% of the current Portuguese population) obtained Portuguese citizenship according to the latest Eurostat data. These people are not counted among foreigners (see above table) as they are Portuguese citizens in all respects.[43]

    NationalityAcquisitions of Citizenship
    (2008–2022)[44] [45]
    89,713
    55,109
    32,722
    27,043
    25,805
    19,212
    14,990
    12,202
    6,922
    6,473
    5,540
    5,288
    Other countries 41,439

    Net migration

    Portugal Net migration by region[46] ! Year !! Portugal !! Mainland !! Azores !! Madeira
    2011 -25,178 -22,661 -821 -1,696
    2012 -37,290 -34,127 -955 -2,208
    2013 -36,029 -32,739 -985 -2,305
    2014 -26,495 -21,293 -2,066 -3,136
    2015 -3,528 476 -1,573 -2,431
    2016 -629 2,222 -1,400 -1,451
    2017 14,896 16,695 -1,117 -682
    2018 23,757 24,720 -1,094 131
    2019 67,163 66,634 -575 1,104
    2020 57,768 54,889 839 2,040
    2021 72,040 68,616 1,500 1,924
    2022 136,144 131,449 1,973 2,722
    2023 155,701 150,882 1,227 3,592

    Ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities

    See also: Immigration to Portugal, Racism in Portugal and Romani people in Portugal.

    Portugal does not collect ethnicity or racial data of its population.[47]

    Anti-racism laws prohibit and penalize racial discrimination in housing, business, and health services.

    Discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or the provision of other state services is illegal. The law mandates access to public buildings and to newly built private buildings for such persons.

    Languages

    See main article: Portuguese language. The main language spoken as first language by the overwhelming majority of the population is Portuguese.[48] Other autochthonous languages spoken include:

    Religion

    See main article: Religion in Portugal, Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church and Our Lady of Fátima. The great majority of the Portuguese population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. Religious observance remains strong in northern areas, while the population of Lisbon and southern areas are generally less devout.

    Religious minorities include a little over 400,000 Protestants and Mormons[57] [58] [59] (3.84% of the total population).

    There are also about 100,000 Muslims[60] (1%) and 45,000 Hindus[61] [62] [63] (0.43%), most of whom came from Goa, a former Portuguese colony on the west coast of India (Some Muslims also came from former two Portuguese African colonies with important Muslim minorities: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique).

    There are also about 1,500 Jews,[64] 2,000 Baha'i[65] and 35,000 Sikh (0.34%)

    Portugal is also home to about 17,000 Buddhists,[66] mostly Chinese from Macau and a few Indians from Goa.

    Portugal is still one of the most religious countries in Europe, most Portuguese believe with certainty in the Existence of God and religion plays an important role in the life of most Portuguese.[67] [68] According to the Pew Research Center, 40% of Portuguese Catholics pray daily.[69]

    Religious map of Portuguese municipalities

    Religion by municipality according with the 2021 Census.

    Education

    Literacy

    definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2021 official INE estimate)[70]

    total population: 96.92%

    male: 97.90%

    female: 96.04%

    School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  • total: 17 years
  • male: 17 years
  • female: 17 years (2020)

    See also

    Notes and References

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    2. Web site: Portugal population density .
    3. Web site: Population density across the EU .
    4. Web site: População residente: total e por grupo etário .
    5. Web site: População residente: total e por sexo . 2023-10-13 . www.pordata.pt.
    6. Web site: Statistics Portugal - Web Portal . 2023-10-13 . www.ine.pt.
    7. Web site: 2023-06-23 . Quase 800 mil estrangeiros vivem em Portugal e 30% são brasileiros . 2023-07-05 . www.dn.pt . pt-PT.
    8. Web site: Statistics Portugal - Web Portal . 2023-07-05 . www.ine.pt.
    9. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
    10. B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.
    11. Web site: United Nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948. Unstats.un.org. 3 October 2017.
    12. Web site: Statistics Portugal. Ine.pt. 3 October 2017.
    13. Web site: PORDATA – População residente: total e por sexo. Pordata.pt. 3 October 2017.
    14. Web site: População residente (N.º) por Local de residência (NUTS - 2013), Sexo e Grupo etário (Por ciclos de vida); Anual. . ine.pt . 15 June 2023.
    15. Web site: 2011 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET. Prb.org. 3 October 2017. 18 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171118162350/http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf. dead.
    16. Web site: 2012 – Negative birth rate decreases further – Portugal – Portuguese American Journal. Portuguese-american-journal.com. 2 January 2013. 3 October 2017.
    17. Web site: Saldo natural negativo volta a desagravar-se em 2023, com a região Grande Lisboa a registar um saldo natural positivo - 2023 .
    18. Web site: Mortalidade aumenta 8,9% em relação ao mês homólogo de 2023 - Julho de 2024. 2024-08-16 . 2024-08-16 . www.ine.pt.
    19. Web site: Statistics Portugal - Web Portal . 2023-08-25 . www.ine.pt.
    20. Web site: Statistics Portugal - Web Portal . 2023-08-25 . www.ine.pt.
    21. Web site: 2023-02-22 . Idade média: 46,8 anos. População portuguesa é a que mais está a envelhecer na UE . 2023-08-25 . TSF Rádio Notícias . pt-PT.
    22. Web site: Population structure indicators at national level: Median age . 2023-08-25 . ec.europa.eu.
    23. Web site: Taxa bruta de natalidade . 2023-08-25 . www.pordata.pt.
    24. Web site: Taxa bruta de mortalidade . 2023-08-25 . www.pordata.pt.
    25. Web site: Indicadores de fecundidade: Índice sintético de fecundidade e taxa bruta de reprodução . 2023-08-25 . www.pordata.pt.
    26. Web site: População residente: total e por grupo etário . 2023-08-25 . www.pordata.pt.
    27. Web site: Saldos populacionais anuais: saldo total, saldo natural e saldo migratório . 2023-08-25 . www.pordata.pt.
    28. Web site: World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations. 2017-07-15.
    29. Web site: Taxa de mortalidade infantil (‰) por Sexo; Anual .
    30. Web site: Taxa bruta de mortalidade e taxa de mortalidade infantil .
    31. Web site: Portal do INE . 2024-04-15 . www.ine.pt.
    32. Web site: Nados-vivos de mães residentes em Portugal: total e por sexo .
    33. Web site: População residente (N.º) por Local de residência (NUTS - 2013), Sexo e Grupo etário; Anual .
    34. Web site: Relação de masculinidade .
    35. Web site: Statistics Portugal - Web Portal . 2024-04-15 . www.ine.pt.
    36. Fernando Nunes da Silva (2005), Alta Velocidade em Portugal, Desenvolvimento Regional, CENSUR, IST
    37. http://dev.igeo.pt/atlas/Cap2/Cap2d_2.html UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente – Cidades, 2004
    38. Web site: Portugal: Regions and Cities. 2023-07-04 . CITY POPULATION - statistics, maps & charts . en-EN.
    39. Web site: Censos2021 . 2024-04-26 . geoc2021.ine.pt.
    40. Web site: População residente (N.º) por Local de residência (NUTS - 2013), Sexo e Grupo etário (Por ciclos de vida); Anual .
    41. http://ww1.rtp.pt/noticias/index.php?article=362482&visual=26&tema=4 Imigração: Novos imigrantes legais em Portugal aumentaram 50% em 2006 – OCDE
    42. https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf
    43. Web site: Eurostat .
    44. Web site: Eurostat .
    45. Web site: Portal do INE . 2023-09-30 . www.ine.pt.
    46. Data extracted from Portugal Statistics.
    47. Web site: Shendruk . Amanda . 2021-07-08 . Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race? . 2022-07-04 . Quartz . en.
    48. Web site: Union . Publications Office of the European . 2013-06-20 . Europeans and their languages : special Eurobarometer. 386, June 2012. . 2023-05-11 . op.europa.eu . en.
    49. Web site: Portugal . Rádio e Televisão de . Mais de 95% da etnia cigana em Portugal vive abaixo do limiar da pobreza . 2023-05-11 . Mais de 95% da etnia cigana em Portugal vive abaixo do limiar da pobreza . 25 October 2022 . pt.
    50. Web site: Portuguesa . Observatório da Língua . 2021-07-31 . A língua mirandesa é língua oficial em Portugal desde 1999. . 2023-05-11 . Observatório da Língua Portuguesa . pt-PT.
    51. News: 2015-05-31 . Língua Mirandesa . 2023-05-11 . Casa de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro de Lisboa . pt-PT.
    52. Web site: SAPO . Têm menos de 20 anos e sentem-se mais livres por falar mirandês . 2023-05-11 . SAPO 24 . pt.
    53. Web site: Rodrigues . Elisabete . 2020-02-07 . O Barranquenho quer ser a 3ª língua oficial de Portugal . 2023-05-11 . Sul Informação . pt-PT.
    54. Web site: A luta de Vera Ferreira para salvar o minderico . 2023-05-11 . O MIRANTE A luta de Vera Ferreira para salvar o minderico. . pt-PT.
    55. Web site: Vicente . Manuel Fernandes . 17 August 2009 . Minderico renasce com apoio da Volkswagen a línguas ameaçadas . 2023-05-11 . PÚBLICO . pt.
    56. Web site: Língua Gestual Portuguesa (LGP) . 2023-05-11 . Associação Portuguesa de Surdos . pt-PT.
    57. Web site: Henriques . Joana Gorjão . O crescimento discreto dos mórmones em Portugal . 2023-05-11 . PÚBLICO . 29 January 2017 . pt.
    58. Web site: Lusa . Agência . Aliança Evangélica comemora cem anos e diz haver 400 mil protestantes em Portugal . 2023-05-11 . Observador . pt-PT.
    59. Web site: 2022 bate recorde de novas igrejas, em especial evangélicas e graças aos cidadãos brasileiros . 2023-05-11 . www.dn.pt . 8 April 2023 . pt-PT.
    60. Web site: "A comunidade muçulmana em Portugal dá-nos uma grande tranquilidade na prevenção do terrorismo" . 2023-05-11 . www.dn.pt . 20 September 2022 . pt-PT.
    61. Web site: Uma comunidade indiana em Portugal diversa e dialogante na fé . 2023-05-11 . SIC Notícias . 5 May 2021 . pt.
    62. Web site: "Os meus filhos são hindus, portugueses e até rezam a ave-maria" . 2023-05-11 . www.dn.pt . 17 October 2020 . pt-PT.
    63. Web site: Cerca de 50.000 nepaleses entraram em Portugal nos últimos anos . 2023-05-11 . www.dn.pt . 16 March 2022 . pt-PT.
    64. News: Por que judeus estão voltando a Portugal séculos após antepassados serem expulsos e massacrados . pt-BR . BBC News Brasil . 2023-05-11.
    65. Web site: Portugal - Bahaipedia, an encyclopedia about the Bahá'í Faith . 2023-05-11 . bahaipedia.org . en.
    66. Web site: Budismo em Portugal União Budista . 2023-05-11 . uniaobudista.pt.
    67. https://www.dn.pt/portugal/portugueses-sao-mais-cristaos-e-vao-mais-a-igreja-do-o-resto-da-europa-9396819.html Portugueses são mais cristãos e vão mais à igreja do que o resto da Europa ocidental
    68. https://www.publico.pt/2018/10/29/sociedade/noticia/portugal-unico-pais-europa-ocidental-onde-quase-metade-catolicos-acredita-deus-existe-1849285 Portugal é dos países onde mais pessoas garantem que Deus existe
    69. https://www.pewforum.org/2017/08/31/five-centuries-after-reformation-catholic-protestant-divide-in-western-europe-has-faded/ Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded
    70. Web site: Statistics Portugal - Web Portal . 2024-04-15 . www.ine.pt.

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