Demographics of Pakistan explained

Place:Pakistan
Size Of Population:241,492,197 (2023 census)
Density:260.8/km2
248.9/km2 (including AJK and GB)
Growth: 1.85% (2021 est.)[1]
Birth:22.5 births / 1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death:7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est.)
Net Migration:−2.0 migrants / 1,000 population (2021 est.)
Life:69.1 years (2022 est.)
Life Male:66.8 years (2022 est.)
Life Female:71.6 years (2022 est.)
Fertility:3.47 children born / woman (2021 est.)
Age 0–14 Years:40.3% (2017)
Age 15–64 Years:56.0% (2017)
Age 65 Years:3.7% (2017)
Nation:noun: Pakistani
Major Ethnic:See Ethnic groups of Pakistan
Spoken:See Languages of Pakistan

Pakistan had a population of 241,492,197 according to the final results of the 2023 Census.[2] [3] [4] This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces e.g. Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populous country.[5]

Between 1951 and 2017, Pakistan's population expanded over sixfold, going from 33.7 million to 207.7 million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.

Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.

Due to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more.[6] The median age of the country was 19, while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.

The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85,[7] [8] and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%).[9] Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.[10]

Population

See main article: Census in Pakistan.

The 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367 and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.

The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022, and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.[11]

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.

Year% Population
aged 0 to 14		% Population
aged 15 to 64		% Population
aged 65 or more
1950 37,696,264 40.5% 54.0% 5.5%
1955 40.3% 55.3% 4.4%
1960 45,954,226 40.6% 55.6% 3.7%
1965 51,841,626 42.3% 54.4% 3.4%
1970 59,290,872 43.7% 53.0% 3.3%
1975 68,126,999 43.9% 52.8% 3.4%
1980 80,624,057 43.0% 53.5% 3.4%
1985 97,121,552 43.0% 53.5% 3.5%
1990 115,414,069 43.7% 52.8% 3.5%
1995 133,117,476 44.4% 52.1% 3.5%
2000 154,369,924 42.9% 53.6% 3.5%
2005 174,372,098 41.1% 55.4% 3.5%
2010 194,454,498 39.2% 57.0% 3.7%
2015 210,969,298 38.4% 57.7% 3.9%
2020 227,196,741 37.3% 58.6% 4.2%
2025 249,948,885 35.3% 60.2% 4.5%
2030 274,029,836 33.2% 61.9% 4.9%
2035 298,432,780 31.7% 63.1% 5.2%
2040 322,595,767 29.5% 64.8% 5.7%
2045 345,818,945 28.1% 65.8% 6.2%
2050 367,808,468 26.6% 66.5% 6.9%

Structure of population

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census. The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females, which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total !123,824,681 116,613,077 !240,458,089 106.12 !100.0%
0 – 4 18,744,989 17,726,432 36,471,421 105.1 14.0%
5 – 9 16,566,852 15,705,284 32,272,136 108.8 14.5%
10 – 14 14,971,914 13,817,137 28,790,182 111.8 11.8%
15 – 19 12,581,753 11,569,893 24,154,118 108.0 10.3%
20 – 24 10,323,755 10,141,864 20,468,713 100.0 8.9%
25 – 29 8,946,770 9,016,962 17,967,161 98.8 7.9%
30 – 34 7,730,953 8,026,004 15,759,670 96.4 6.8%
35 – 39 7,313,967 7,047,727 14,364,278 102.2 5.8%
40 – 44 6,471,820 6,063,242 12,536,758 101.5 4.6%
45 – 49 5,095,175 4,624,839 9,721,110 104.9 3.8%
50 – 54 4,219,234 3,827,003 8,047,113 110.4 3.3%
55 – 59 3,455,455 2,933,026 6,388,995 113.8 2.4%
60 – 64 2,247,341 2,063,695 4,311,861 108.9 2.1%
65 – 69 1,557,733 1,393,718 2,952,013 111.8 1.4%
70 – 74 1,131,916 1,001,805 2,134,220 113.0 1.0%
75 or more 1,338,251 1,287,621 2,626,523 103.9 1.26%
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0 – 14 43,533,720 40,182,776 83 716 496 108.3 40.3%
15 – 64 58,778,374 57,478,712 116,257,086 102.3 56.0%
65+ 4,027,900 3,683,144 7,711,044 109.4 3.7%

Population distribution

Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country.

By province

The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.

Province or Territory1951196119721981199820172023[12]
20,540,762 25,463,974 37,607,423 47,292,441 73,691,290 109,989,655127,688,922
6,047,748 8,367,065 14,155,909 19,028,666 30,439,893 47,854,51055,696,147
5,888,550 7,578,186 10,879,781 13,259,875 20,919,976 35,501,96440,856,097
1,167,167 1,353,484 2,428,678 4,332,376 6,565,885 12,335,12914,894,402
— 117,669 237,549 340,286 805,235 2,003,3682,363,863
Four Provinces and ICT 33,740,167 !42,880,378 65,309,340 !84,253,644 132,352,279 !207,684,626241,499,431
886,000 1,065,000 1,573,000 1,983,465 2,972,501 4,045,367
— — — — 884,000 1,492,924
Total Pakistan — !— — !— 136,208,780 !213,222,917

Urbanization

The following table shows how Pakistan has urbanised. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.

Province or Territory1951196119721981199820172023[13]
17.3% 21.5% 24.4% 27.6% 31.3% 36.9%40.7%
29.2% 37.9% 40.4% 43.3% 48.8% 51.9%54.0%
8.6% 10.3% 11.1% 12.6% 14.3% 16.5%15.0%
12.4% 16.9% 16.5% 15.6% 23.9% 27.6%30.1%
0.0% 0.0% 32.3% 60.1% 65.7% 50.4%46.9%
Four Provinces and ICT 17.7% !22.5% 25.4% !28.3% 32.5% !36.4%38.9%
— — — 8.1% 12.5% 17.4%
— — — — 16.8% 16.5%

Largest cities

See main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, Karachi and Lahore. With populations of 18.9 million and 13 million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Quetta, and Islamabad. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.

All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments.

City NameProvince or Territory2023 Population[14] Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023)2017 Population[15] Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017)1998 Population
18,868,0214.05%14,884,402 2.48%9,339,023
13,004,1352.65%11,119,985 4.06%5,209,088
3,691,9992.37%3,210,158 2.49%2,008,861
3,357,6128.18%2,097,824 2.11%1,409,768
2,668,0473.55%2,028,421 3.11%1,132,509
2,215,3812.85%1,872,641 2.38%1,197,384
1,921,2751.53%1,733,622 2.10%1,166,894
1,905,975-0.55%1,969,823 3.72%982,816
1,565,5467.79%999,385 3.04%565,137
1,108,8721.59%1,009,003 3.45%529,180
975,8866.81%658,208 1.92%458,440
911,8175.64%656,730 2.36%421,502
903,7952.88%762,774 3.34%408,395
606,5336.58%414,309 1.83%293,366
591,4243.80%472,269 2.79%280,263
574,2406.65%390,758 2.34%251,792
563,8512.02%500,401 2.12%335,551
551,7162.07%488,006 3.15%270,283
538,3445,59%388,795
Okara533,6936.90%358,146
519,2613.57%420,963 3.14%233,537
Kasur510,8756.11%358,296

Vital statistics

As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered.[16] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered.

Estimates based on surveys

Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.[17]

SurveyCrude birth rateCrude death rateInfant mortality rateTotal fertility rateLife expectancy
UrbanRuralTotalMaleFemale
style=text-align:left DHS 2006–07[18] 30.7 — 78 3.30 4.49 4.08 — —
style=text-align:left 2007–08[19] — — 69 3.13 4.41 3.95 — —
style=text-align:left PSLM 2011–12[20] — — 63 3.26 4.35 3.95 — —
style=text-align:left DHS 2012–13[21] — — 74 3.16 4.20 3.84 — —
style=text-align:left PSLM 2013–14[22] — — 65 3.24 4.35 3.95 — —
style=text-align:left DHS 2017–18[23] 29 — 62 2.93 3.94 3.56 — —
style=text-align:left PSLM 2018–19[24] — — 60 3.01 4.21 3.75 — —
style=text-align:left 2019[25] — — — — — — 64.3 66.5
style=text-align:left 2020[26] 27 6.7 56 3.07 4.11 3.72 64.5 65.5

Regional fertility rates

Many of the surveys above also recorded fertility rate data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.

SurveyPunjabSindhKPKBalochistanICTAJKG-BPakistan
style=text-align:left DHS 2006–07 3.9 4.3 4.1 — — — !4.08
style=text-align:left MICS Punjab 2011[27] 3.6 — — — — — — !—
style=text-align:left DHS 2012–13 3.8 3.9 4.2 3.0 — 3.8 !3.84
style=text-align:left MICS Punjab 2014[28] 3.5 — — — — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS Sindh 2014[29] — 4.0 — — — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS KPK 2016–17[30] — — — — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS G-B 2016–17[31] — — — — — — 4.6 !—
style=text-align:left DHS 2017–18 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.7 !3.56
style=text-align:left MICS Punjab 2017–18[32] 3.7 — — — — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS Sindh 2018–19[33] — 3.7 — — — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS KPK 2019[34] — — 4.0 — — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS Balochistan 2019-20[35] — — — 4.0 — — — !—
style=text-align:left MICS AJK 2020–21[36] — — — — — 3.4 — !—

The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.

DistrictProvinceTotal fertility rateYear of survey2017 Population
style=text-align:left Lahorestyle=text-align:left 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18 11,119,985
style=text-align:left Faisalabadstyle=text-align:left 3.3 ±0.2 2017–18 7,882,444
style=text-align:left Rawalpindistyle=text-align:left 3.2 ±0.2 2017–18 5,402,380
style=text-align:left Gujranwalastyle=text-align:left 3.4 ±0.2 2017–18 5,011,066
style=text-align:left Rahim Yar Khanstyle=text-align:left 4.6 ±0.4 2017–18 4,807,762
style=text-align:left Multanstyle=text-align:left 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18 4,746,166
style=text-align:left Peshawarstyle=text-align:left 4.0 ±0.5 2019 4,331,959
style=text-align:left Muzaffargarhstyle=text-align:left 4.7 ±0.3 2017–18 4,328,549
style=text-align:left Karachi Weststyle=text-align:left ±0.3 2018–19
style=text-align:left Sialkotstyle=text-align:left 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18 3,894,938
style=text-align:left Sargodhastyle=text-align:left 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18 3,696,212
style=text-align:left Bahawalpurstyle=text-align:left 3.9 ±0.4 2017–18 3,669,176
style=text-align:left Sheikhupurastyle=text-align:left 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18 3,460,004
style=text-align:left Qasurstyle=text-align:left 4.3 ±0.3 2017–18 3,454,881
style=text-align:left Okarastyle=text-align:left 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18 3,040,826
style=text-align:left Bahawalnagarstyle=text-align:left 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18 2,975,656
style=text-align:left Karachi Centralstyle=text-align:left 2.2 ±0.3 2018–19 2,971,382
style=text-align:left Khanewalstyle=text-align:left 4.0 ±0.4 2017–18 2,920,233
style=text-align:left Veharistyle=text-align:left 3.8 ±0.3 2017–18 2,902,081
style=text-align:left Karachi Eaststyle=text-align:left 3.2 ±0.4 2018–19 2,875,315
style=text-align:left Dera Ghazi Khanstyle=text-align:left 5.4 ±0.5 2017–18 2,872,631
style=text-align:left Gujratstyle=text-align:left 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18 2,756,289
style=text-align:left Jhangstyle=text-align:left 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18 2,742,633
style=text-align:left Korangistyle=text-align:left 2.5 ±0.3 2018–19 2,577,556
style=text-align:left Sahiwalstyle=text-align:left 3.6 ±0.4 2017–18 2,513,011
style=text-align:left Khairpurstyle=text-align:left 4.8 ±0.8 2018–19 2,405,190
style=text-align:left Mardanstyle=text-align:left 4.0 ±0.3 2019 2,373,399
style=text-align:left Swatstyle=text-align:left 4.5 ±0.5 2019 2,308,624
style=text-align:left Quettastyle=text-align:left 4.7 ±0.3 2019-20 2,269,473
style=text-align:left Hyderabadstyle=text-align:left 3.0 ±0.4 2018–19 2,199,928
style=text-align:left Toba Tek Singhstyle=text-align:left 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18 2,191,495
style=text-align:left Sangharstyle=text-align:left 4.2 ±0.4 2018–19 2,049,873
style=text-align:left Islamabadstyle=text-align:left 3.0 ±0.3 2017–18 2,003,368

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

YearMid-year
population		Annual
live births		Annual
deaths		Annual
natural
increase		Crude migration rate (per 1,000)Life expectancy
MaleFemale
1950 37,696,264 1,647,739 1,173,219 474,520 43.7 31.1 12.6 263.4 6.80 36.2 33.4
1951 38,215,785 1,686,378 1,121,858 564,520 44.1 29.4 14.8 -1.0252.9 6.80 37.5 34.6
1952 38,816,777 1,727,288 1,089,817 637,471 44.5 28.1 16.4 -0.7243.3 6.80 38.6 35.8
1953 39,488,228 1,768,524 1,063,098 705,426 44.8 26.9 17.9 -0.6234.1 6.80 39.8 36.9
1954 40,224,090 1,810,574 1,044,277 766,297 45.0 26.0 19.0 -0.4225.6 6.80 40.7 37.9
1955 41,023,128 1,853,944 1,022,153 831,791 45.2 24.9 20.3 -0.4217.4 6.80 41.8 39.0
1956 41,884,995 1,900,510 1,008,574 891,936 45.4 24.1 21.3 -0.3209.6 6.80 42.7 39.8
1957 42,808,511 1,948,801 993,703 955,098 45.5 23.2 22.3 -0.3202.2 6.80 43.7 40.7
1958 43,794,993 1,999,584 981,704 1,017,880 45.6 22.4 23.2 -0.2195.2 6.80 44.6 41.6
1959 44,843,639 2,049,555 970,149 1,079,406 45.7 21.6 24.1 -0.2188.7 6.80 45.5 42.5
1960 45,954,226 2,102,786 961,020 1,141,766 45.7 20.9 24.8 0182.6 6.80 46.3 43.4
1961 47,060,915 2,157,005 951,411 1,205,594 45.8 20.2 25.6 -1.5176.7 6.80 47.2 44.2
1962 48,161,841 2,201,790 939,942 1,261,848 45.6 19.5 26.2 -2.8171.2 6.80 48.0 45.0
1963 49,325,050 2,247,761 922,383 1,325,378 45.5 18.7 26.8 -2.6166.0 6.80 48.8 46.3
1964 50,552,592 2,293,167 907,551 1,385,616 45.3 17.9 27.4 -2.5161.2 6.80 49.7 47.4
1965 51,841,626 2,340,733 897,333 1,443,400 45.1 17.3 27.8 -2.3157.5 6.80 50.3 48.5
1966 53,199,414 2,388,085 869,523 1,518,562 44.8 16.3 28.5 -2.3153.2 6.80 51.6 50.0
1967 54,629,793 2,438,389 854,112 1,584,277 44.6 15.6 29.0 -2.1149.9 6.80 52.6 51.2
1968 56,124,743 2,483,692 840,624 1,643,068 44.2 15.0 29.2 -1.8147.0 6.80 53.5 52.3
1969 57,676,805 2,524,648 831,202 1,693,446 43.7 14.4 29.3 -1.6144.5 6.80 54.2 53.3
1970 59,290,872 2,584,996 818,806 1,766,190 43.5 13.8 29.8 -1.8142.1 6.80 55.0 54.6
1971 60,878,781 2,648,206 985,142 1,663,064 43.4 16.2 27.3 -0.5145.5 6.80 49.0 52.2
1972 62,509,565 2,712,779 838,978 1,873,801 43.3 13.4 29.9 -3.1137.9 6.81 55.4 55.1
1973 64,285,624 2,785,335 852,459 1,932,876 43.3 13.2 30.0 -1.6136.0 6.81 55.5 55.5
1974 66,149,169 2,853,960 874,080 1,979,880 43.1 13.2 29.9 -0.9134.3 6.81 55.4 55.6
1975 68,126,999 2,931,237 882,423 2,048,814 43.0 13.0 30.1 -0.2132.5 6.81 55.8 56.2
1976 70,230,923 3,015,342 900,018 2,115,324 42.9 12.8 30.1 0.8131.0 6.81 55.9 56.5
1977 72,451,105 3,116,181 922,294 2,193,887 43.0 12.7 30.3 1.3129.6 6.80 55.8 56.9
1978 74,789,330 3,223,019 934,553 2,288,466 43.1 12.5 30.6 1.7128.1 6.78 56.3 57.4
1979 77,407,341 3,337,688 950,235 2,387,453 43.2 12.3 30.9 4.1 126.6 6.76 56.5 58.1
1980 80,624,057 3,487,787 970,044 2,517,743 43.5 12.1 31.4 10.2125.1 6.73 56.8 58.6
1981 84,270,202 3,700,274 1,001,060 2,699,214 44.2 11.9 32.2 13.0123.6 6.70 57.1 59.3
1982 87,828,198 3,903,191 1,035,663 2,867,528 44.6 11.8 32.7 9.5122.1 6.67 57.4 59.8
1983 91,080,372 4,067,866 1,057,064 3,010,802 44.7 11.6 33.1 3.9120.5 6.64 57.7 60.5
1984 94,003,867 4,188,905 1,075,240 3,113,665 44.5 11.4 33.1 -1.0118.8 6.62 58.0 61.0
1985 97,121,552 4,291,612 1,100,992 3,190,620 44.2 11.4 32.9 0.3117.0 6.59 58.5 60.4
1986 100,618,523 4,453,073 1,131,849 3,321,224 44.3 11.3 33.0 3.0115.2 6.55 58.8 60.3
1987 104,251,093 4,602,418 1,185,062 3,417,356 44.2 11.4 32.8 3.3113.3 6.52 58.5 59.8
1988 107,967,838 4,749,506 1,208,574 3,540,932 44.0 11.2 32.82.9 111.5 6.48 58.5 60.4
1989 111,670,386 4,877,528 1,229,672 3,647,856 43.7 11.0 32.7 1.6109.6 6.43 58.7 60.7
1990 115,414,069 4,979,805 1,238,482 3,741,323 43.1 10.7 32.4 1.1107.8 6.36 59.0 61.4
1991 119,203,569 5,070,548 1,256,930 3,813,618 42.5 10.5 32.0 0.8105.9 6.29 59.4 61.3
1992 122,375,179 5,146,942 1,290,628 3,856,314 41.8 10.5 31.3 -4.7103.9 6.21 59.6 60.7
1993 125,546,615 5,116,844 1,309,418 3,807,426 40.8 10.4 30.3 -4.4101.7 6.11 59.6 60.4
1994 129,245,139 5,188,381 1,321,834 3,866,547 40.1 10.2 29.9 -0.499.5 6.01 59.7 60.6
1995 133,117,476 5,214,150 1,355,586 3,858,564 39.2 10.2 29.0 1.097.2 5.89 59.5 60.4
1996 137,234,810 5,283,367 1,351,457 3,931,910 38.5 9.9 28.7 2.294.7 5.77 59.9 61.1
1997 141,330,267 5,323,160 1,363,688 3,959,472 37.7 9.7 28.0 1.892.3 5.64 59.9 61.5
1998 145,476,106 5,391,873 1,360,060 4,031,813 37.1 9.4 27.7 1.689.9 5.51 60.2 62.1
1999 149,694,462 5,457,820 1,350,165 4,107,655 36.5 9.0 27.5 1.587.5 5.39 60.8 62.8
2000 154,369,924 5,503,880 1,349,760 4,154,120 35.8 8.8 27.0 4.285.3 5.26 61.2 63.1
2001 159,217,727 5,621,718 1,365,265 4,256,453 35.3 8.6 26.8 4.683.3 5.12 61.4 63.6
2002 163,262,807 5,707,878 1,383,913 4,323,965 34.9 8.5 26.4 -1.081.5 5.01 61.7 63.7
2003 166,876,680 5,705,869 1,389,323 4,316,546 34.1 8.3 25.8 -3.779.8 4.88 61.9 64.0
2004 170,648,620 5,728,041 1,397,637 4,330,404 33.5 8.2 25.3 -2.778.4 4.75 61.9 64.4
2005 174,372,098 5,741,665 1,467,794 4,273,871 32.9 8.4 24.5 -2.777.9 4.64 61.2 64.0
2006 178,069,984 5,780,328 1,397,071 4,383,257 32.4 7.8 24.6 -3.475.7 4.53 62.1 65.7
2007 181,924,521 5,939,254 1,421,100 4,518,154 32.6 7.8 24.8 -3.274.5 4.51 61.9 66.1
2008 185,931,955 6,026,112 1,440,035 4,586,077 32.4 7.7 24.6 -2.673.1 4.43 61.9 66.5
2009 190,123,222 6,126,953 1,466,094 4,660,859 32.2 7.7 24.5 -2.071.8 4.36 62.1 66.5
2010 194,454,498 6,251,649 1,479,575 4,772,074 32.1 7.6 24.5 -1.770.5 4.30 62.3 66.9
2011 198,602,738 6,344,791 1,497,860 4,846,931 31.9 7.5 24.3 -3.068.8 4.23 62.5 67.1
2012 202,205,861 6,416,601 1,518,663 4,897,938 31.6 7.5 24.1 -6.067.1 4.17 62.7 67.2
2013 205,337,562 6,432,644 1,512,911 4,919,733 31.2 7.3 23.8 -8.365.5 4.11 63.0 67.6
2014 208,251,628 6,374,716 1,522,217 4,852,499 30.5 7.3 23.2 -9.063.8 4.01 63.1 67.7
2015 210,969,298 6,297,466 1,504,820 4,792,646 29.7 7.1 22.6 -9.662.1 3.90 63.5 68.2
2016 213,524,840 6,291,208 1,510,500 4,780,708 29.3 7.0 22.3 -10.260.4 3.83 63.7 68.3
2017 216,379,6556,289,965 1,496,276 4,793,689 29.0 6.9 22.1 -8.758.8 3.76 64.0 68.8
2018 219,731,479 6,302,081 1,508,129 4,793,952 28.6 6.8 21.8 -6.357.1 3.69 64.2 69.0
2019 223,293,280 6,330,933 1,514,600 4,816,333 28.3 6.8 21.5 -5.355.5 3.62 64.6 69.1
2020 227,196,741 6,362,705 1,606,293 4,756,412 28.0 7.1 20.9 -3.453.9 3.56 63.9 68.8
2021 231,402,117 6,374,741 1,660,400 4,714,341 27.5 7.2 20.4 -1.952.3 3.47 63.8 68.6

Human development

Human Development Index

Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560.[37] [38]

2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below:[39]

RankRegionHDI (2018)
Medium human development
1Islamabad Capital Territory0.875
2Azad Jammu & Kashmir0.611
3Gilgit-Baltistan0.593
4Punjab0.567
– (average)0.561
Low human development
5Sindh0.533
6Khyber Pakhtunkhwa0.529
7Balochistan0.477
8FATA0.466

Literacy

Definition: A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language with understanding and can make simple calculation is treated as literate. Literacy rates for the population over 10 years old as of 2023 are below.[40]

Total population
Urban
Rural

Educational institutions by kind

[42]

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

Ethnic groups

See main article: Ethnic groups in Pakistan.

The major ethnolinguistic groups of Pakistan include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Muhajirs, Balochs, Hindkowans/Hazarewals, Brahuis, Meos, and Kohistanis with significant numbers of Shina, Baltis, Kashmiris, Paharis, Chitralis, Torwalis, Hazaras, Burusho, Wakhis, Kalash, Siddis and other various minorities.[43] [44]

Pakistan's census does not include the 1.4 million citizens of Afghanistan who are temporarily residing in Pakistan.[45] [46] [47] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others.[48]

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

See main article: Immigration to Pakistan. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of refugees from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018.[49] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others.

YearPopulationForeign bornPercentage foreign born
196046,259,0006,350,29613.73%
197059,565,0005,105,5568.57%
198079,297,0005,012,5246.32%
1990111,698,0006,555,7825.87%
2000142,648,0004,242,6892.97%
2005157,935,0003,254,1122.06%
Source:[50] Mostly those born before 1947

Languages

See main article: Languages of Pakistan.

Census history of major languages
!Rank!Language!2023 census!2017 census!1998 census!1981 census!1961 census!1951 census
1Punjabi36.98%38.78%44.15%48.17%56.39%57.08%
2Pashto18.15%18.24%14.42%13.35%8.47%8.16%
3Sindhi14.31%14.57%14.1%12.7%12.59%12.85%
4Saraiki12.00%12.19%10.53%9.54%
5Urdu9.25%7.08%7.57%7.60%7.57%7.05%
6Balochi3.38%3.02%3.57%3.02%2.49%3.04%
7Hindko2.32%2.44%
8Brahui1.16%1.24%
9Others2.45%2.44%4.66%5.62%12.49%11.82%

Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages.[51] [52] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.[53] [54]

Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for communication between different ethnic groups. Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Brahui, Mewati and Kohistani.[55] [56]

Ethnologue lists 74 languages in Pakistan. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'.[57]

Religion

See main article: Religion in Pakistan. According to the World Factbook, Library of Congress, Oxford University, over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others.[58] [59] [60] Majority of the Muslims practice Sunni with a significant minority of Shi'as.

Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahl-e-Hadees. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the Ithnā'Ashariyyah branch,[58] while a smaller number practice Ismailism. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including Christians, Ahmadis, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Baháʼís and Zoroastrians (Parsis),[61]

Recent changes and detailed demographic data

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021.[62] 96.47% are Muslims, followed by 2.14% Hindus, 1.27% Christians, 0.09% Ahmadis and 0.02% others.

The 2017 census showed marginal increase in the share of Hindus.The census also recorded Pakistan's first Hindu-majority district, called Umerkot District.

On the other hand, Christianity in Pakistan, while increasing in raw numbers, has fallen significantly in percentage terms since the last census. Christians are concentrated in the most developed parts of Pakistan, Lahore District (over 5% Christian), Islamabad Capital Territory (over 4% Christian), and Northern Punjab.

The Ahmadiyya movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in Lalian Tehsil, Chiniot District, where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya.

Pakistanis around the world

See main article: Overseas Pakistanis.

Saudi Arabia4,000,000
United Arab Emirates1,600,000
United Kingdom1,200,000
United States687,942[63]
Canada215,000[64]
Kuwait190,000
South Africa180,000[65]
Oman385,000
Australia61,913[66]
Germany179,668
Qatar52,500
France50,000
Norway39,257[67]
Denmark21,000
New Zealand10,000
Ireland9,501
Japan22,118[68]

See also

References

Sources

External links

Notes and References

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  56. Web site: Rana . Shahbaz . 2024-07-19 . Pakistan 27th in global population growth . 2024-07-23 . The Express Tribune . en . One of the questions in the population census was about the mother-tongue. The number of Urdu speaking people have increased to 9.3% by 2023. But Punjabi-origin people have reduced to 37%. There is also a reduction in the Sindh language speaking people from 14.6% to 14.3%. the Pashto speaking people reduced from 18.3% to 18.2% but Balochi-language people increased from 3% to 3.4%. The number of Saraiki-language people was reduced from 12.2% to 12%..
  57. Web site: Eberhard . David M. . Simons . Gary F. . Fennig . Charles D. . 2019 . Pakistan: Status . Ethnologue: Languages of the World . 22nd . deviated . 17 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190417190054/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/status.
  58. Web site: Pakistan, Islam in . https://web.archive.org/web/20130618023219/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 . dead . 18 June 2013 . 29 August 2010 . . Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 20 and 25 percent are Shias, mostly Twelvers. . Oxford University Press.
  59. Web site: Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 65%, Shia 30%), other (includes Hindus and Christians) 5% . https://web.archive.org/web/20090617014724/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=PK&regionCode=sas&#pk . dead . 17 June 2009 . 24 August 2010 . . 2010.
  60. Web site: Country Profile: Pakistan . February 2005 . Library of Congress Country Studies on Pakistan . Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 75 percent are Sunni and 25 percent Shi'a. . . 1 September 2010.
  61. Fuchs . Maria-Magdalena . Fuchs . Simon Wolfgang . 2019-12-12 . Religious Minorities in Pakistan: Identities, Citizenship and Social Belonging . South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies . 43 . 1 . 52–67 . 10.1080/00856401.2020.1695075 . 214107453 . 0085-6401. free .
  62. Web site: Pakistan's population is 207.68m, shows 2017 census result. 19 May 2021 .
  63. Web site: U.S. Census website. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). 14 January 2024.
  64. Web site: Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables – Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data. Government of Canada, Statistics. Canada. www12.statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017 .
  65. Web site: About PSAA . 29 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190921093651/http://psaa.org.za/ . 21 September 2019. dead.
  66. Web site: Most Pakistanis and Urdu speakers live in this Australian state. sbs.com.au. 27 March 2018.
  67. Web site: 05183: Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, etter kjønn og landbakgrunn 1970–2021-PX-Web SSB. 2021-09-27. SSB. no.
  68. Web site: 在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計） 在留外国人統計 月次 2022年12月 | ファイル | 統計データを探す .

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