Demographics of Ontario explained

Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province by a large margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto.

Vital statistics

Birth Rate

9.7/1,000 people (2021)^[1]

Death Rate

8.1/1,000 people (2021)^[1]

Life Expectancy at birth: 81 years (2006 est)^[2]

Infant Mortality rate: 5.2 (2007 est)^[3]

Age structure

Age Groups	Total	Percentage	Male	Female
0 to 4 years	723,016	4.91%	370,982	352,034
5 to 9 years	762,654	5.18%	389,331	373,323
10 to 14 years	792,947	5.38%	403,611	389,336
15 to 19 years	852,405	5.79%	436,529	415,876
20 to 24 years	1,039,661	7.06%	543,213	496,448
25 to 29 years	1,077,433	7.31%	555,954	521,479
30 to 34 years	1,041,952	7.07%	527,137	514,815
35 to 39 years	992,844	6.74%	493,399	499,445
40 to 44 years	921,378	6.25%	446,692	474,686
45 to 49 years	932,058	6.33%	454,915	477,143
50 to 54 years	968,546	6.57%	478,610	489,936
55 to 59 years	1,073,519	7.29%	532,834	540,685
60 to 64 years	961,243	6.52%	469,926	491,317
65 to 69 years	803,962	5.46%	383,637	420,325
70 to 74 years	673,546	4.57%	316,777	356,769
75 to 79 years	461,015	3.13%	212,100	248,915
80 to 84 years	319,548	2.17%	140,109	179,439
85 to 89 years	204,227	1.39%	81,946	122,281
90 to 94 years	98,638	0.67%	33,530	65,108
95 to 99 years	29,527	0.20%	7,515	22,012
100 years and over	3,895	0.03%	701	3,194
Total	14,734,014	100%	7,279,448	7,454,566

^[4]

Population history

Year	Population	5 year % change	10 year % change	% Canadian population
1824	150,066	-	-	n/a
1830	213,156	-	-	n/a
1840	432,159	-	102.7%	39.93%
1851	952,004	-	-	51.32%
1861	1,396,091	-	46.6%	55.58%
1871	1,620,851	-	16.1%	43.9%
1881	1,926,922	-	18.8%	45.4%
1891	2,114,321	-	9.7%	48.9%
1901	2,182,947	-	3.2%	40.6%
1911	2,527,292	-	15.8%	35.1%
1921	2,933,662	-	16.1%	33.4%
1931	3,431,683	-	17.0%	33.1%
1941	3,787,655	-	10.4%	32.9%
1951	4,597,542	-	21.3%	32.8%
1956	5,404,933	17.6%	-	33.6%
1961	6,236,092	15.4%	35.6%	34.2%
1966	6,960,870	11.6%	28.8%	34.9%
1971	7,703,105	10.7%	23.5%	35.7%
1976	8,264,465	7.3%	18.7%	35.9%
1981	8,625,107	4.4%	12.0%	35.4%
1986	9,101,695	5.5%	10.1%	36.0%
1991	10,084,885	10.8%	16.9%	36.9%
1996	10,753,573	10.7%	18.2%	37.3%
2001	11,410,046	6.1%	13.2%	38.0%
2006	12,160,282	6.6%	13.1%	38.4%
2011	12,851,821	5.7%	12.6%	38.4%
2016	13,448,494	4.6%	9.6%	38.3%
2021	14,223,942	5.8%	9.7%	38.5%

Source: Statistics Canada^[5]

• % Province of Canada population^[6]

Population geography

Census Metropolitan Areas

City	2021^[7]	2016^[8]	2011^[9]	2006^[10]	2001^[11]	1996^[12]	1991
	6,202,225	5,928,040	5,583,064	5,113,149	4,682,897	4,263,757	3,898,933
	1,488,307	1,323,783	1,236,324	1,130,761	1,063,664	1,010,498	941,814
	785,184	747,545	721,053	692,911	662,401	624,360	599,760
	575,847	523,894	477,160	451,235	414,284	382,940	356,421
	543,551	494,069	474,786	457,720	432,451	398,616	381,522
	433,604	406,074	392,184	390,317	377,009	372,406	364,552
	422,630	329,144	319,246	323,342	307,877	278,685	262,075
	415,311	379,848	356,177	330,594	296,298	268,773	240,104
	212,856	197,059	187,013	177,061	148,480	118,695	97,150
	172,546	161,175	159,561	152,358	146,838	143,416	136,401
	170,605	164,689	160,770	158,258	155,601	160,488	157,613
	165,588	151,984	141,097	127,009	117,344	105,420	97,667
	144,162	134,203	135,501	124,607	86,417	100,238	97,106
	128,624	121,721	118,975	116,570		102,423	100,193	98,060	-
	123,258	121,621	121,596	122,907	121,986	125,562	124,925
	111,184	103,472	101,668	91,518	87,395	87,871	-
	104,316	102,042	104,075	108,589	107,709	-	-

Ethnic origins

As of 2016 census.^[13]

Ethnic group	Responses	%
	3,109,770	23.48
	2,808,810	21.21
	2,107,290	15.91
	2,095,465	15.82
	1,349,255	10.19
	1,189,670	8.98
	931,805	7.04
	849,340	6.41
	774,495	5.85
	527,750	3.99
	523,490	3.95
	385,505	2.91
	376,440	2.84
	337,760	2.55
	324,930	2.45
British, not included elsewhere	323,180	2.44
	257,055	1.94
	220,850	1.67
	198,470	1.50
	171,145	1.29
	163,500	1.23
	149,060	1.13
	148,555	1.12
	140,165	1.06
	137,485	1.04

Note: The table takes dual responses (for example if someone is French-Canadian they would be added to both French and Canadian). Some places of one's ethnic origin do not refer to a single specified country of origin, i.e. Spanish refers to people from Spanish speaking countries such as Colombia, Spain, Mexico, Cuba and others; or East Indian where the respondents origin could be from Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc.; and the list contains about 200 nationalities known to reside in the province. However, there are options for the respondent to identify the country alone.

As regards ethnic origins and Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) of highest concentration (minimum: 1%):

Ethnic origin	CMA	% of population
Chinese	Toronto	12.0
East Indian	Toronto	11.0
Filipino	Toronto	4.7
Jamaican	Toronto	3.4
Russian	Toronto	2.4
Pakistani	Toronto	2.1
Sri Lankan	Toronto	2.0
Spanish	Toronto	1.8
Greek	Toronto	1.7
Iranian	Toronto	1.7
Korean	Toronto	1.3
Other African origins, n.i.e	Toronto	1.1
Jewish	Toronto	1.0
Haitian	Ottawa-Gatineau	1.1
Croatian	Hamilton	1.9
German	Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo	21.8
Portuguese	Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo	4.1
Romanian	Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo	1.9
Swiss	Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo	1.5
Belgian	London	1.1
Lebanese	Windsor	3.3
Iraqi	Windsor	2.2
American	Windsor	1.7
Serbian	Windsor	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.	Windsor	1.0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.	Barrie	3.7
Canadian	Greater Sudbury	45.6
French	Greater Sudbury	37.7
Vietnamese	Guelph	1.6
Dutch	Brantford	8.0
Hungarian	Brantford	3.2
English	Peterborough	39.1
Irish	Peterborough	32.5
Scottish	Peterborough	26.3
Welsh	Peterborough	2.6
Italian	Thunder Bay	14.0
Ukrainian	Thunder Bay	13.5
Finnish	Thunder Bay	11.4
First Nations	Thunder Bay	10.5
Polish	Thunder Bay	7.1
Swedish	Thunder Bay	4.5
Métis	Thunder Bay	2.9
Norwegian	Thunder Bay	2.8
Slovak	Thunder Bay	2.0
Danish	Thunder Bay	1.1

Future projections

Panethnic origin projections in Ontario (2031–2041)^{[14] [15] [16] [17]}

Panethnic group	2031		2036		2041
European	9,335,000		9,215,000		9,044,000
South Asian	2,562,000		2,992,000		3,371,000
East Asian	1,444,000		1,583,000		1,706,000
African	1,133,000		1,288,000		1,433,000
Middle Eastern	858,000		1,018,000		1,168,000
Southeast Asian	784,000		897,000		1,006,000
Indigenous	576,000		623,000		666,000
Latin American	355,000		398,000		438,000
Other/multiracial	364,000		410,000		456,000
Projected Ontario population	17,411,000		18,424,000		19,288,000

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples

Visible minority and Indigenous population (2021 Canadian census)				2016 Census		2011 NHS		2006 Census		2001 Census		1996 Census
Population group		Population	%	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%
European		8,807,805	62.8%	8,982,180		8,930,835	70.6%	8,879,900	73.8%	8,944,190	79.3%	8,714,680	81.9%
Visible minority group Source:^[18]		1,515,295	10.8%	1,150,415		965,990	7.6%	794,170	6.6%	554,870	4.9%	390,055	3.7%
		820,245	5.8%	754,550		629,140	5.0%	576,980	4.8%	481,505	4.3%	391,090	3.7%
		768,740	5.5%	627,715		539,205	4.3%	473,765	3.9%	411,095	3.6%	356,215	3.3%
		363,650	2.6%	311,675		275,380	2.2%	203,220	1.7%	156,515	1.4%	117,365	1.1%
		284,215	2.0%	210,435		151,645	1.2%	111,405	0.9%	88,540	0.8%
		249,190	1.8%	195,950		172,560	1.4%	147,135	1.2%	106,835	0.9%	85,745	0.8%
		212,185	1.5%	154,670		122,530	1.0%	96,615	0.8%	67,100	0.6%
		167,845	1.2%	133,855		137,875	1.1%	110,045	0.9%	86,410	0.8%	75,910	0.7%
		99,425	0.7%	88,935		78,295	0.6%	69,540	0.6%	53,955	0.5%	35,400	0.3%
		31,420	0.2%	30,830		29,085	0.2%	28,080	0.2%	24,925	0.2%	24,275	0.2%
	Arab/West Asian											118,655	1.1%
	Visible minority,	124,120	0.9%	81,130		81,130	0.6%	56,845	0.5%	78,915	0.7%	52,170	0.5%
	Multiple visible minority	181,025	1.3%	97,970		96,735	0.8%	77,405	0.6%	42,375	0.4%	35,160	0.3%
Total visible minority population		4,817,360	34.3%	3,885,585		3,279,565	25.9%	2,745,205	22.8%	2,153,045	19.1%	1,682,045	15.8%
Indigenous group		251,030	1.8%	236,680		338,480	2.7%	311,830	2.5%	131,560	1.2%
		134,615	1.0%	120,585		89,975	0.7%	81,320	0.7%	48,340	0.4%
		4,310	0.0%	3,860		5,310	0.0%	4,250	0.0%	1,380	0.0%
	Multiple Indigenous responses	7,115	0.1%	5,730		7,630	0.1%	6,395	0.1%	1,690	0.0%
	Indigenous responses	9,515	0.1%	7,540						5,345	0.0%
Total Indigenous population		406,585	2.9%	374,395		441,395^[19]	3.5%	403,790	3.4%	188,315	1.7%	246,065	2.3%
Total population		14,031,750	100.0%	13,242,160	100.0%	12,651,795	100.0%	12,028,895	100.0%	11,285,550	100.0%	10,642,790	100.0%

There is a striking difference between the Toronto CMA (5,862,850) and the rest of Ontario (7,379,310); in particular, in the Toronto CMA visible minorities account for 51.4% of the population (3,011,900), whereas in the rest of Ontario the percentage of visible minorities in the overall population is much lower, at 11.8% (873,685). Back in 1996,1,338,095 of 4,232,905 Toronto CMA residents belonged to a visible minority,^[20] i.e. 31.6% of its population; regarding the rest of Ontario, only 343,950 of its 6,409,885 residents, i.e. 5.4%, were visible minorities.^[21]

Language

The following figures are from the 2016 census.^[4] The tables includes languages that were selected by at least 0.99 per cent of respondents. Respondents to the census are able to provide multiple responses for questions relating to knowledge of languages, and mother tongue.

Knowledge of languages

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census and the 2016 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least one per cent of respondents.

Language! colspan="2"

2021^[22]	2016
		Pop.
English	13,650,230		12,879,045	97.26%
French	1,550,545		1,521,020	11.49%
Mandarin	467,420		385,452	2.91%
Hindi	436,125		250,095	1.89%
Spanish	401,205		337,615	2.55%
Punjabi	397,865		282,065	2.13%
Cantonese	352,135		341,875	2.58%
Arabic	342,860		246,015	1.86%
Italian	312,800		333,645	2.52%
Urdu	295,175		231,500	1.75%
Tagalog	271,445		232,935	1.76%
Portuguese	208,575		193,520	1.46%
Tamil	192,890		157,700	1.19%
German	158,115		189,035	1.43%
Russian	155,340		N/A	<1%
Gujarati	143,240		N/A	<1%
Iranian Persian	138,910		145,465	1.10%
Polish	134,985		142,985	1.08%

Mother tongue

Language	Responses	%
Single responses
English	8,902,320	66.87
French	490,715	3.68
Mandarin	283,735	2.13
Cantonese	275,315	2.07
Italian	231,040	1.74
Punjabi	197,060	1.48
Spanish	191,025	1.43
Arabic	171,370	1.29
Urdu	152,385	1.14
Portuguese	150,000	1.13
Tagalog	163,415	1.23
German	131,525	0.99
Multiple responses
English and French	54,045	0.51
English and non-official language	288,285	2.17
French and non-official language	12,565	0.09
English, French, and non-official language	11,010	0.08

Religion

Religious group! colspan="2"

2021^[23]	2011^[24]		2001^[25]		1991^[26]		1981^[27]
Christianity	7,315,810		8,167,295		8,413,495		8,160,730		7,622,530
Irreligion	4,433,675		2,927,790		1,841,290		1,247,640		620,815
Islam	942,990		581,950		352,525		145,560		52,110
Hinduism	573,700		366,720		217,560		106,705		41,655
Sikhism	300,435		179,765		104,790		50,085		16,645
Buddhism	164,215		163,750		128,320		65,325		18,595
Judaism	196,100		195,540		190,795		175,640		148,255
Indigenous spirituality	15,985		15,905
Other	88,845		53,080		36,770		25,370		8,805
Total responses	14,031,750		12,651,795		11,285,545		9,977,055		8,534,260
Total population	14,223,942		12,851,821		11,410,046		10,084,885		8,625,107

Migration

Immigration

Ontario is a very diverse province. For example, 54.8% of the population of Toronto was born outside Canada,^[28] which is the second-largest percentage of immigrants in a single city on Earth, after Miami. Hamilton is ranked the third-most diverse urbanized area in Canada (after Toronto and Vancouver).

Ontario immigration^{[29] [30] [31] [32]} !Year!Immigrant percentage!Immigrant population!Total population

1851		399,494	952,004
1861		493,212	1,396,091
1881		427,508	1,926,922
1891		403,389	2,114,321
1901		324,160	2,182,947
1911		507,846	2,527,292
1921		641,683	2,933,662
1931		804,285	3,431,683
1941		733,282	3,787,655
1951		849,965	4,597,542
1961		1,353,157	6,236,092
1971		1,707,400	7,703,110

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 4,206,585 persons or 30.0 percent of the total population of Ontario.

Country of birth! colspan="2"

2021^[33] ^[34]	2016^[35]		2011^[36] ^[37]		2006^[38] ^[39]		2001^[40] ^[41]
India	495,750		360,545		310,410		258,530		174,560
China	355,955		317,220		267,780		229,950		164,885
Philippines	268,575		231,760		204,035		151,375		119,215
United Kingdom	239,485		264,120		291,935		321,645		342,900
Pakistan	165,530		142,265		114,595		100,940		60,385
Italy	135,640		157,815		170,710		198,315		210,540
Jamaica	122,770		119,840		111,475		109,360		105,410
Sri Lanka	112,730		109,855		110,800		89,610		72,990
United States	111,390		109,005		115,045		106,405		98,190
Hong Kong	108,480		108,035		105,855		111,630		119,615
Total immigrants	4,206,585		3,852,145		3,611,365		3,398,725		3,030,075
Total responses	14,031,750		13,242,160		12,651,795		12,028,895		11,285,545
Total population	14,223,942		13,448,494		12,851,821		12,160,282		11,410,046

Recent immigration

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 584,680 people who immigrated to Ontario between 2016 and 2021.^[34]

Recent immigrants to Ontario by country of birth (2016 to 2021)
Country of birth	Population	% recent immigrants
India	139,655
China	54,645
Philippines	45,235
Syria	30,180
Pakistan	23,970
United States	17,940
Nigeria	16,575
Iran	13,215
Iraq	12,940
Jamaica	9,975
Total	584,680

Interprovincial migration

See main article: Interprovincial migration in Canada. Ontario's interprovincial migration rate have shifted over the years. It was negative in the 1970s, positive in the 1980s, but then negative again in the 1990s. It went back to the positive in around the time of the turn of the millennium for a few years, but has been in the negatives constantly from 2003 to 2015, and has been in the positives since then. Over the period from 1971 to 2015, Ontario was the province which experience the second lowest levels of interprovincial in-migration and out-migration, second only to Quebec.^[42]

Interprovincial migration in Ontario!!In-migrants!Out-migrants!Net migration

2008–09	57,458	73,059	-15,601
2009–10	59,741	64,403	-4,662
2010–11	58,317	62,324	-4,007
2011–12	60,459	71,070	-10,611
2012–13	54,678	68,579	-13,901
2013–14	57,415	71,979	-14,564
2014–15	62,874	71,569	-8,695
2015–16	71,790	62,713	9,077
2016–17	71,717	58,335	13,382
2017–18	69,918	59,974	9,944
2018–19	77,281	65,550	11,731
2019–20	97,031	89,210	7,821

Source: Statistics Canada

See also

• Demographics of Canada
• List of municipalities in Ontario
• List of census divisions of Ontario
• Population of Canada by province and territory

Notes and References

1. Web site: Estimates of the components of natural increase, quarterly1, 2 . 18 March 2022.
2. Web site: Life expectancy at birth, by sex, by province . August 2, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110114224250/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/health26-eng.htm . January 14, 2011 . dead.
3. Web site: Infant mortality rates, by province and territory . August 2, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111005230350/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/health21a-eng.htm . October 5, 2011 . dead.
4. Web site: Census Profile, 2016 Census - Ontario [Province] and Canada [Country] . October 31, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170914215724/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=35&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Ontario&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 . September 14, 2017 . dead.
5. Web site: Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories . . February 9, 2022 . February 9, 2022 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134802/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101 . February 9, 2022 .
6. Web site: Population estimates on July 1st, by age and sex.
7. Web site: Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations . . February 9, 2022 . February 9, 2022 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134729/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 . February 9, 2022 .
8. Web site: Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census. 12.statcan.gc.ca. February 8, 2017. May 27, 2018.
9. Web site: Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2011 and 2006 censuses. 12.statcan.gc.ca. May 27, 2018.
10. Web site: Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. 12.statcan.gc.ca. May 27, 2018.
11. Web site: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data. 12.statcan.gc.ca. May 27, 2018.
12. Web site: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Metropolitan : Areas in Decreasing Order of 1996 Population, 1991 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data. Statcan.gc.ca. May 27, 2018.
13. Web site: Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables - Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data. 12.statcan.gc.ca. October 25, 2017. May 27, 2018.
14. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 8 September 2022. Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions . 20 November 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
15. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 8 September 2022 . Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000) . 20 November 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
16. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 6 October 2021 . Projections of the Indigenous populations and households in Canada, 2016 to 2041 . 20 November 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
17. Web site: Government of Canada . Statistics Canada . 6 October 2021 . Projected population by Indigenous identity, age group, sex, area of residence, provinces and territories, and projection scenario, Canada (x 1,000) . 20 November 2023 . www12.statcan.gc.ca.
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