Demographics of Jordan explained

Place:Jordan
Size Of Population:2023 census: 11,180,568 (84th)
2019 estimate: 10,392,309 (86th)
Density:116/km2 (70th)
Growth:2.05% (2017 est.)
Birth:17.9 births/1,000 population
Death:3.6 deaths/1,000 population
Life:74.8 years (2017 est.)
Life Male:73.4 years
Life Female:76.3 years
Fertility:2.6 children born/woman
Age 0-14 Years:34.4%
Age 15-64 Years:62,02%
Age 65 Years:3.7%
Total Mf Ratio:1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Sr At Birth:1.06 male(s)/female
Sr Under 15:1.05 male(s)/female
Sr 15-64 Years:1.00 male(s)/female
Sr 65 Years Over:0.89 male(s)/female
Nation:Jordanian
Major Ethnic:Arabs
Official:Modern Standard Arabic
Spoken:Jordanian Arabic, English

Jordan has a population of more than 11.1 million inhabitants as of 2023.[1] Jordanians (Arabic: أردنيون) are the citizens of Jordan. Around 94% of Jordanians are Arabs, while the remaining 6% belong to ethnic minorities, including Circassians, Chechens, Armenians and Kurds.[2] [3] In early 2016 about 30% of the population were non-citizens, a figure including refugees, legal and illegal immigrants.[4] Jordan's annual population growth rate stands at 3.05% as of 2023, with an average birth rate of 2.8. There were 1,977,534 households in Jordan in 2015, with an average of 4.8 persons per household.

The official language is Arabic, while English is the second most widely spoken language by Jordanians. It is also widely used in commerce and government. In 2016, about 84% of Jordan's population live in urban towns and cities.[2] Many Jordanians and people of Jordanian descent live across the world, mainly in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, United States, Canada and Turkey.

In 2016, Jordan was named as the largest refugee hosting country per capita in the world, followed by Turkey, Pakistan and Lebanon.[5] Jordan hosts refugees mainly from the Palestinian territories, Syria, and Iraq, as well as smaller communities from other nations. There are also hundreds of thousands of workers from Egypt, Indonesia and South Asia, who work as domestic and construction workers.

Definition

The territory of Jordan can be defined by the history of its creation following events after the end of World War I, the League of Nations and redrawing of the borders of the Eastern Mediterranean littoral. The ensuing decisions, most notably the Sykes–Picot Agreement, which created the Mandatory Palestine. In September 1922, Transjordan was formally identified as a subdivision of the Mandate Palestine after the League of Nations approved the British Transjordan memorandum which stated that the Mandate east of the Jordan River would be excluded from all the provisions dealing with Jewish settlement west of the Jordan River.[6]

Ethnic and religious groups

See also: Nawar people.

Arab

Arab Jordanians are mostly either descended from families and clans who were living in the cities and towns in Transjordan prior to Jordanian independence in 1946, most notably in the governorates of Jerash, Ajlun, Balqa, Irbid, Madaba, Al Karak, Aqaba, Amman and some other towns in the country, or from the Palestinian families who sought refuge in Jordan in different times in the 20th century, mostly during and after the wars of 1948 and 1967. Many Christians are natives especially in towns such as Fuhies, Madaba, Al Karak, Ajlun, or have Bedouin origins, and a significant number came in 1948 and 1967 mainly from Jerusalem, Jaffa, Lydda, Bethlehem, and other Palestinian cities.

Druze

The Druze people are believed to constitute about 0.5% of the total population of Jordan, around 32,000 people. The Druze, who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen, or "believers in one God," are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas west and north of Amman. Even though the faith originally developed out of Ismaili Islam, most Druze do not identify as Muslims,[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] and they do not accept the five pillars of Islam.[12]

Bedouin Arabs

The other group of Jordanians is descended from Bedouins, of which less than 1% live a nomadic lifestyle. Bedouin settlements are concentrated in the south and east of the country.

Afro-Jordanians

See main article: Afro-Jordanians.

An unknown but considerable number of Jordanians are of African descent.

Armenians

See main article: Armenians in Jordan. There were an estimated 5,000 Armenians living within the country in 2009.[13] An estimated 4,500 of these are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church,[13] and predominantly speak the Western dialect[14] of the Armenian language. This population makes up the majority of non-Arab Christians in the country.[15]

Assyrians

See main article: Assyrians in Jordan. There is an Assyrian refugee population in Jordan. Many Assyrians have arrived in Jordan as refugees since the invasion of Iraq, making up a large part of the Iraqi refugees.

Turks

See main article: Turks in Jordan. There are people of Turkish ancestry living in Jordan. These people have had a thriving presence in Jordan since the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Today, there is a minority of about 60,000 people in the country who are the descendants of the Ottoman-Turkish immigrants.[1] In addition to this, there are also 8,262 Turkish citizens who are recent migrants to Jordan.[2]

Circassians

See main article: Circassians in Jordan. By the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Authorities directed the Circassian immigrants to settle in Jordan. The Circassians are Sunni Muslims and are estimated to number 100,000 to 170,000 people.

Chechens

See main article: Chechens in Jordan. There are about 10,000 Chechens estimated to reside in Jordan.

Doms

See main article: Doms in Jordan. There are around 70,000 gypsies in Jordan.[16]

Refugees

Jordan is a home to 2,175,491 registered Palestinian refugees.[17] Out of those 2,175,491 refugees, 634,182 have not been given Jordanian citizenship.[18] Jordan also hosts around 1.4 million Syrian refugees who fled to the country due to the Syrian Civil War since 2011. About 31,163 Yemenis and 22,700 Libyan refugees live in Jordan as of January 2015. There are thousands of Lebanese refugees who came to Jordan when civil strife and war and the 2006 war broke out in their native country. Up to 1 million Iraqis came to Jordan following the Iraq War in 2003.[19] In 2015, their number was 130,911. About 2,500 Iraqi Mandaean refugees have been resettled in Jordan.

Genetics

Bahri et al. (2011) observed that the Jordanians have a genetic profile that is Arabian Semitic, despite the succession of several civilizations in Jordan. They have a common origin in Mesopotamia and are not too genetically dissimilar from the peoples of the United Arab Emirates and North Africa, who respectively have a common origin in Arabia and North Africa.[20]

Zanetti et al. (2014) discovered significant genetic differentiation between general Jordanians and Bedouin Arabs. General Jordanians were more similar to other Middle Eastern populations whilst Bedouin Arabs were more similar to North Africans. However, the Bedouin Arabs played a significant role in the "peopling" of Jordan, both in the past and present.[21]

Religion

See main article: Religion in Jordan.

Health and education

See main article: Health in Jordan and Education in Jordan. Jordan prides itself on its health services, some of the best in the region.[22] Qualified medics, favourable investment climate and Jordan's stability have contributed to the success of this sector.[23]

Jordan has a very advanced education system. The school education system comprises 2 years of pre-school education, 10 years of compulsory basic education, and two years of secondary academic or vocational education, after which the students sit for the General Certificate of Secondary Education Exam (Tawjihi).[24] Scholars may attend either private or public schools.

Access to higher education is open to holders of the General Secondary Education Certificate, who can then choose between private Community Colleges, public Community Colleges or universities (public and private). The credit-hour system, which entitles students to select courses according to a study plan, is implemented at universities. The number of public universities has reached (10), besides (17) universities that are private, and (51) community colleges. Numbers of universities accompanied by significant increase in number of students enrolled to study in these universities, where the number of enrolled students in both public and private universities is estimated at nearly (236) thousand; (28) thousand out of the total are from Arab or foreign nationalities.[25]

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195546.51985–199069.2
1955–196050.71990–199570.4
1960–196554.61995–200071.3
1965–197058.42000–200572.2
1970–197561.92005–201073.0
1975–198064.92010–201573.8
1980–198567.2
Source: UN World Population Prospects[26]

Statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Total population

11,200,320 (According to the Population Clock as of July 23, 2022).[27]

Gender ratio

Age structure

Structure of the population [28]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total2 626 2872 477 3525 103 639100
0-4333 216317 115650 33112.74
5-9329 133313 738642 87112.60
10-14313 083297 046610 12911.95
15-19287 693272 145559 83810.97
20-24279 600260 593540 19310.58
25-29239 774216 487456 2618.94
30-34207 178191 991399 1697.82
35-39167 737155 689323 4266.34
40-44123 945117 455241 4004.73
45-4987 09883 358170 4563.34
50-5464 60763 633128 2402.51
55-5955 76557 956113 7212.23
60-6452 08446 70398 7871.94
65-6937 09534 72871 8231.41
70-7423 46723 35346 8200.92
75-7912 65111 61724 2680.48
80+10 137 11 92322 0600.43
80-846 1447 441 13 5850.27
85-892 4442 5885 0320.10
90-941 012 1 3042 3160.05
95-995375901 1270.02
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-14975 432927 8991 903 33137.29
15-641 565 481 1 466 0103 031 49159.40
65+83 35081 621164 9713.23
unknown2 0241 8223 8460.08
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total3 366 0003 174 0006 530 000100
0-4427 485405 300832 78512.75
5-9422 095400 880822 97512.60
10-14401 900379 680781 58011.97
15-19368 915347 720716 63510.97
20-24358 485333 170691 65510.59
25-29307 650276 855584 5058.95
30-34265 915245 520511 4357.83
35-39215 425199 015414 4406.35
40-44158 875149 975308 8504.73
45-49111 750106 630218 3803.34
50-5482 80581 320164 1252,51
55-5971 36074 040145 4002.23
60-6466 64559 800126 4451.94
65-6947 48544 28091 7651.41
70-7430 04029 78559 8250.92
75-7916 19514 81531 0100.48
80-847 8659 49517 3600.27
85-893 1303 3006 4300.10
90-941 2951 6652 9600.05
95+6857551 4400.02
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-141 251 4801 185 8602 437 34037.33
15-642 007 8251 874 0453 881 87059.45
65+106 695104 095210 7903.23
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 046 8244 484 888 9 531 712100
0–4561 280532 9181 094 19811.48
5–9597 975 571 5161 169 49112.27
10–14519 876490 5221 010 39810.60
15–19498 519449 302 947 8219.94
20–24519 140426 835945 9759.92
25–29459 841370 765830 6068.71
30–34395 939338 461734 4007.70
35–39352 691298 499651 1906.83
40–44304 330256 601560 9315.88
45–49258 567214 842 473 4094.97
50–54187 189162 648349 8373.67
55–59127 359117 340244 6992.57
60–6486 25480 824167 0781.75
65-6967 49268 161135 6531.42
70-7452 66847 12499 7921.05
75-7932 42831 75964 1870.67
80-8415 32415 63330 9570.32
85-896 3877 35113 7380.14
90-941 7972 2384 0350.04
95+1 7681 5493 3170.03
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–141 679 1311 594 9563 274 08734.35
15–643 189 8292 716 1175 905 94661.96
65+177 864173 815351 6793.69

Median age

Population growth rate

2.05% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

17.9 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Births and deaths[29] [30]

Average population
Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude mirgration rate (per 1000)Total fertility rate (TFR)
1951 51,518
1952586,20046,146
195349,228
195453,170
195558,037
195655,374
195760,582
195869,594
195963,643
196078,520
1961900,80070,775
196286,397
196384,544
196486,327
196591,857
196694,299
196770,956
196869,483
196973,443
19701,508,20076,828
197177,758
197280,327
197381,302
197481,490
197581,659
197684,380
197779,882
197884,195
19792,133,00091,622
19802,233,000
19812,319,00095,62841.2
19822,409,00097,79440.6
19832,502,00098,39839.3
19842,599,000102,52139.4
19852,700,000102,71238.0
19862,805,000112,45140.1
19872,914,000107,51936.9
19883,027,000116,34638.4
19893,144,000115,74236.8
19903,468,000116,52033.6
19913,701,000150,17740.6
19923,844,000155,68440.5
19933,993,000149,49337.4
19944,139,400140,44433.9
19954,264,000141,31933.1
19964,383,000142,40432.5
19974,506,000130,63329.04.4
19984,623,000133,71428.9
19994,738,000135,26628.5
20004,857,000126,01613,339112,67725.92.723.2
20014,918,000142,95616,164126,79229.13.325.8-13.4
20025,038,000146,07717,220128,85729.03.425.6-1.8
20035,164,000148,29416,937131,35728.73.325.4-1.0
20045,414,000150,24817,011133,23727.83.124.621.6
20055,678,000170,12218,739151,38330.03.326.719.8
20065,843,000180,64221,333159,30930.93.727.30.9
20076,017,000201,62121,885179,73633.53.629.9-1.03.6
20086,200,000187,91619,816168,10030.33.227.12.43.6
20096,392,000188,95020,759168,19129.63.226.33.73.8
2010 6,594,000205,97222,662183,31031.23.427.82.83.8
20116,846,000199,91722,203177,71429.23.226.010.83.8
20127,210,000198,53823,301175,23727.53.224.326.23.5
20137,771,000197,48524,380173,10525.43.122.349.93.5
20148,459,000209,28426,954182,33024.73.221.659.73.5
20159,182,000210,95327,221183,73223.03.020.058.73.38
20169,798,000218,29028,880189,41022.32.919.343.63.38
201710,053,000230,94428,782202,16223.02.920.15.32.7
201810,309,000226,82029,098197,72222.02.819.25.62.7
201910,554,000215,11631,212183,90420.43.017.45.82.7
2020[31] 10,806,000186,08733,073 153,01417.23.114.29.12.6
2021[32] 11,057,000197,39739,333158,06417.93.614.38.42.6
202211,302,000192,26630,823161,44317.02.714.37.42.6
202311,516,000182,61029,121153,48916.02.513.5

Death rate

3.6 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate

-310 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 84.1% of total population (2017)

rate of urbanization: 1.26% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

58 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total fertility rate

3.19 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey) [33] Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

YearTotalUrbanRural
CBR TFRCBR TFRCBR TFR
19767.4
19836.6
199036.15.57 (3.94)33.94.75 (3.36)39.06.85 (4.76)
199733.14.35 (2.9)32.54.22 (2.9)35.55.00 (3.1)
200229.03.7 (2.6)28.43.5 (2.5)31.34.2 (2.8)
200728.13.6 (2.8)28.13.6 (2.8)28.23.7 (2.8)
200930.63.8 (3.0)30.63.8 (2.9)30.74.0 (3.1)
201227.23.5 (2.4)26.73.4 (2.4)29.83.9 (2.7)
2017-1821.62.7 (2.2)21.32.7 (2.1)23.7 3.1 (2.4)
202318.92.618.82.619.6 2.8

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) by nationality

Health expenditures

7.5% of GDP (2014)

Physicians density

2.65 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density

1.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

Government health reports indicate that about 40% of Jordanian adults are overweight and child obesity stands at more than 50%.

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.7% (2019)

Literacy rate

15–24 years (in 2015):[34]

15 years and older (in 2015):

UN estimates

Period[35] Live births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1950–195526 00011 00015 00047.419.328.17.38160.9
1955–196038 00013 00025 00049.416.532.97.38128.9
1960–196554 00015 00040 00053.614.539.18.00103.2
1965–197073 00016 00057 00052.311.840.58.0082.8
1970–197590 00017 00073 00049.09.439.67.7968.3
1975–198092 00016 00076 00042.87.535.37.3856.5
1980–1985101 00017 00085 00039.76.533.27.0544.4
1985–1990117 00018 00099 00037.55.731.86.4436.0
1990–1995132 00019 000113 00033.94.929.05.1430.6
1995–2000147 00021 000127 00032.04.527.54.3426.7
2000–2005143 00021 000122 00028.14.223.93.6023.6
2005–2010152 00023 000128 00026.44.122.33.2721.0
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

See also

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Population Clock . Jordanian Department of Statistics . 16 May 2021 . 18 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190818112822/http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/ . live .
  2. Web site: The World Fact book – Jordan. CIA World Factbook. 11 December 2016. 3 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603094219/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/. live.
  3. Web site: Language and Cultural Shift Among the Kurds of Jordan . 10 November 2012 . Mahmoud A. . Al-Khatib . Mohammed N. . Al-Ali . 12 . 7 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190107021836/http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2010/Al-Khatib_Al-Ali_netti.pdf%20 . live .
  4. News: Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests. Ghazal. Mohammad. 22 January 2016. 22 January 2016. The Jordan Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20180208092804/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/population-stands-around-95-million-including-29-million-guests. 8 February 2018. live.
  5. News: Jordan tops list of refugee-host countries — Amnesty. 2016-10-04. Jordan Times. 2018-01-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20181124162450/http://jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-tops-list-refugee-host-countries-%E2%80%94-amnesty. 2018-11-24. live.
  6. Web site: American Jewish Yearbook p.528 . 2010-12-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160730073332/http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1937_1938_5_YRAppendices.pdf . 2016-07-30 . live .
  7. Book: Pintak, Lawrence. America & Islam: Soundbites, Suicide Bombs and the Road to Donald Trump. 2019. 9781788315593. 86. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  8. Book: Jonas, Margaret. The Templar Spirit: The Esoteric Inspiration, Rituals and Beliefs of the Knights Templar. 2011. 9781906999254. 83. Temple Lodge Publishing. [Druze] often they are not regarded as being Muslim at all, nor do all the Druze consider themselves as Muslim.
  9. Web site: Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are . Arab America . 13 April 2020 . en . 8 August 2018 . 20 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191020060455/https://www.arabamerica.com/are-the-druze-people-arabs-or-muslims-deciphering-who-they-are/ . live .
  10. Book: J. Stewart, Dona. The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives. 2008. 9781135980795. 33. Routledge. Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets..
  11. Book: Yazbeck Haddad, Yvonne . The Oxford Handbook of American Islam. 2014. 9780199862634. 142. Oxford University Press. While they appear parallel to those of normative Islam, in the Druze religion they are different in meaning and interpretation. The religion is considered distinct from the Ismaili as well as from other Muslims belief and practice... Most Druze consider themselves fully assimilated in American society and do not necessarily identify as Muslims...
  12. Book: De McLaurin, Ronald. The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East. 1979. 9780030525964. 114 . Michigan University Press. Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...
  13. Web site: Jordan: Religions & Peoples. i-cias.com. 2011-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220121/http://i-cias.com/e.o/jordan_4.htm. 2017-12-22. live.
  14. Web site: Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ARM. ethnologue.com. 2011-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20090421071658/http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=ARM. 2009-04-21. live.
  15. Web site: Jordan - history - geography. britannica.com. 2011-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20141022080451/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306128/Jordan/256321/Religion/. 2014-10-22. live.
  16. Web site: Jordan . Minority Rights Group . 2024-07-29 . 2024-05-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240526155120/https://minorityrights.org/country/jordan/ . live .
  17. Web site: Jordan. 1 December 2015. UNRWA. 14 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181426/https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan. 31 March 2019. live.
  18. Web site: Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests. 2016-01-30. Jordan Times. en. 2019-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20180208092804/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/population-stands-around-95-million-including-29-million-guests. 2018-02-08. live.
  19. News: Doors closing on fleeing Iraqis. 2007. 2018-02-13. en-GB. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063927/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6293807.stm. 2019-04-03. live.
  20. Bahri . Raoudha . Moncer . Wifak El . Al-Batayneh . Khalid . Sadiq . May . Esteban . Esther . Moral . Pedro . Chaabani . Hassen . 2012 . Genetic differentiation and origin of the Jordanian population: an analysis of Alu insertion polymorphisms . Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers . 16 . 5 . 324–329 . 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0197 . 22106835 . NCBI . 2024-02-01 . 2024-02-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240201051923/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22106835/ . live .
  21. Zanetti . Daniela . Sadiq . May . Carreras-Torres . Robert . Khabour . Omar . Alkaraki . Almuthanna . Esteban . Esther . Via . Marc . Moral . Pedro . 2014 . Human diversity in Jordan: polymorphic Alu insertions in general Jordanian and Bedouin groups . Human Biology . 86 . 2 . 131–138 . 10.3378/027.086.0201 . 25397703 . 2445/128482 . NCBI . free . 2024-02-01 . 2024-02-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240201051923/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25397703/ . live .
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  23. News: Sector leaders highlight potential for further growth in medical tourism. 13 March 2016. 30 May 2015. The Jordan Times. Khetam. Malkawi. https://web.archive.org/web/20160313030324/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/sector-leaders-highlight-potential-further-growth-medical-tourism#sthash.yz9kdu6B.dpuf. 13 March 2016. live.
  24. Web site: المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية - وزارة التربية و التعليم Ministry of Education - Hashemit Kingdom of Jordan. www.moe.gov.jo. 2018-02-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20180213141843/http://www.moe.gov.jo/en/MenuDetails.aspx?MenuID=32. 2018-02-13. live.
  25. Web site: Brief on Higher Education Sector in Jordan. www.mohe.gov.jo. en-us. 2018-02-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080556/http://www.mohe.gov.jo/en/pages/BriefMohe1.aspx. 2018-02-13. live.
  26. Web site: World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations. 2017-07-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/. 2016-09-19. live.
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