Demographics of Eswatini explained

Place:Eswatini
Size Of Population:1,121,761 (2022 est.)
Nation:Swati
Official:English, siSwati
Age 0–14 Years:33.63%
Age 65 Years:3.83%
Growth:0.75% (2022 est.)
Birth:23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death:9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net Migration:-6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Sr At Birth:1.03 male(s)/female
Sr Under 15:1 male(s)/female
Sr 65 Years Over:0.48 male(s)/female
Total Mf Ratio:0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant Mortality:39.63 deaths/1,000 live births
Life:59.69 years
Life Male:57.62 years
Fertility:2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Life Female:61.81 years

Demographic features of the population of Eswatini include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The majority of Eswatini's population is ethnic Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulus and white Africans, predominantly of British and Afrikaner origin. This population also includes a small segment within it that is mixed with any number of these ancestries.

Traditionally Swazis have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazis work in the mines in South Africa. Eswatini also received Portuguese settlers and black refugees from Mozambique. Christianity in Eswatini is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Most Swazis ascribe a special spiritual role to the Swazi Royal Family.

The country's official languages are Siswati (a language related to Zulu) and English. Government and commercial business is conducted mainly in English. Asians, Afrikaners, Portuguese, and black Mozambicans speak their own languages.

Population

Eswatini's population is 1,113,276 according to the July 2021 estimate from the CIA World Factbook. The 2007 Census put the nation's population at 912,229. This number is lower than the 1997 Census, which gave 929,718 residents. The small difference is believed to be the result of massive emigration of Swazis to South Africa in search of work.[1]

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 1,186,000 in 2010, compared to only 273,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 38.4%, 58.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older.[2]

YearTotal populationPopulation percentage
aged 0–14aged 15–64aged 65+
1950273 000
1955307 000
1960349 000
1965392 000
1970446 000
1975517 000
1980603 000
1985706 000
1990863 000
1995964 000
20001 064 000
20051 105 000
20101 186 000

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.IV.2017): [3]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total531 111562 1271 093 238100
0–465 21864 990130 20811.91
5–965 10964 719129 82811.88
10–1463 78363 654127 43711.66
15–1960 95559 213120 16810.99
20–2452 28054 236106 5169.74
25–2946 55150 18896 7398.85
30–3442 14844 222 86 3707.90
35–3933 44333 53866 9816.13
40–4424 42825 26849 6964.55
45–4919 19422 08441 2783.78
50–5414 09418 72432 8183.00
55–5912 06215 75427 8162.54
60–6410 05912 81022 8692.09
65-697 32210 03717 3591.59
70-744 9988 256 13 2541.21
75-793 4845 664 9 1480.84
80+2 8466 1939 0390.83
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14194 110193 363387 47335.44
15–64315 214336 037651 25159.57
65+18 65030 15048 8004.46
Unknown3 1372 577 5 7140.52

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Eswatini is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[2]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*
1950-1955 14 0007 0007 00048.122.625.56.70174
1955-1960 16 0007 0009 00047.620.826.86.70160
1960-1965 18 0007 00010 00047.919.628.26.75150
1965-1970 20 0008 00013 00049.018.530.46.85141
1970-1975 24 0008 00016 00049.316.432.96.87124
1975-1980 27 0008 00019 00048.514.234.26.73108
1980-1985 31 0008 00023 00047.712.035.76.5490
1985-1990 36 0008 00028 00046.110.335.86.1377
1990-1995 36 0009 00028 00039.99.430.45.3069
1995-2000 35 00012 00022 00034.111.922.14.4980
2000-2005 34 00017 00017 00031.815.716.14.0187
2005-2010 34 00017 00017 00030.114.915.23.5776
  • CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]

YearTotalUrbanRural
CBR TFRCBR TFRCBR TFR
19866,4
19915,6
19974,5
1999-20024,2
2006-200731,13,8 (2,1)31,93,0 (1,8)31,04,2 (2,2)

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):[5]

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195541.44
1955–1960 43.47
1960–1965 45.05
1965–1970 46.69
1970–1975 49.61
1975–1980 52.61
1980–1985 56.15
1985–1990 59.66
1990–1995 59.44
1995–2000 52.50
2000–2005 45.93
2005–2010 48.41
2010–2015 54.99

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.

Population

1,130,043 (2023 est.)

1,121,761 (2022 est.)

1,087,200 (July 2018 est.)

Religions

See main article: Religion in Eswatini.

Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 23.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 174th

male: 22.5 years

female: 24.7 years (2020 est.)

total: 23.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 175th

male: 22.2 years

female: 24 years (2018 est.)

total: 21.7 years

male: 21.5 years

female: 21.9 years (2017 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 33.63% (male 185,640/female 185,808)

15-24 years: 18.71% (male 98,029/female 108,654)

25-54 years: 39.46% (male 202,536/female 233,275)

55-64 years: 4.36% (male 20,529/female 27,672)

65 years and over: 3.83% (male 15,833/female 26,503) (2020 est.)

0-14 years: 34.41% (male 186,747 /female 187,412)

15-24 years: 19.31% (male 99,192 /female 110,770)

25-54 years: 38.22% (male 193,145 /female 222,405)

55-64 years: 4.28% (male 19,915 /female 26,663)

65 years and over: 3.77% (male 15,470 /female 25,481) (2018 est.)

0-14 years: 35.01% (male 259,646/female 253,976)

15-24 years: 22.12% (male 164,117/female 160,478)

25-54 years: 34.6% (male 264,262/female 243,362)

55-64 years: 4.3% (male 25,319/female 37,763)

65 years and over: 3.97% (male 22,113/female 36,116) (2017 est.)

Population growth rate

0.75% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 123rd

0.82% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 128th

1.08% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 49th

25.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 48th

24 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 40th

10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.41 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 73rd

2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st

2.63 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 68th

2.69 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

-6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 210th

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 82nd

Contraceptive prevalence rate

66.1% (2014)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 68.8 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 63.5 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio

19.1 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 24.6% of total population (2022)

rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population: 23.8% of total population (2018)

rate of urbanization: 2.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

389 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 48.4 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 52.2 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 44.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 59.69 years. Country comparison to the world: 219th

male: 57.62 years

female: 61.81 years (2022 est.)

total population: 57.2 years

male: 55.1 years

female: 59.3 years (2018 est.)

male: 52.7 years (2017 est.)

female: 51.5 years (2017 est.)

total population:

49.06 (2012 est.)

47.85 (2010 est.)

33.22 (2005 est.)

39.47 (2003 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.02 (2017, 2003 est.), 1.03 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

0-14 years: 1.02 (2017 est.), 0.99 male(s)/female (2003, 2000 est.)

15-24 years: 1.08 (2017 est.)

25-54 years: 0.66 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

65 years and over: 0.64 (2017 est.), 0.78 (2003 est.), 0.7 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

total population: 1 (2017 est.), 0.99 (2003 est.), 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Education expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2014)

Health expenditures

9.3% of GDP (2014)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.5% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

5.8% (2014)

Physicians density

0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Hospital bed density

2.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 27.4% (2017 est.)

people living with HIV/AIDS: 210,000 (2017 est.)

deaths: 3,500 (2017 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria

water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

Nationality

noun:Swazi(s)adjective:Swazi

Ethnic groups

Languages

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 88.4%

male: 88.3%

female: 88.5% (2018)

total population: 87.5% (2015 est.), 81.6% (2003 est.), 76.7% (1995 est.)

male: 87.4% (2015 est.), 82.6% (2003 est.), 78% (1995 est.)

female: 87.5% (2015 est.), 80.8% (2003 est.), 75.6% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 12 years (2013)

See also

Notes

  1. News: Where have all the Swazis gone?. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151226145953/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/where-have-all-the-swazis-gone/article141841/protected/ . December 26, 2015 . 2015-12-26. The Globe and Mail. Stephanie. Nolen. 2009-04-03.
  2. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision . 2011-05-03 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division . https://web.archive.org/web/20110506084513/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Other-Information/Press_Release_WPP2010.pdf . 2011-05-06 . deviated.
  3. Web site: UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics.
  4. http://www.safaids.net/files/Swaziland%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Survey%202006-2007.pdf{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  5. Web site: World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations. 2017-07-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/. 2016-09-19. dead.
  6. Web site: SWAZILAND: General data . 2018-04-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180529202917/http://www.populstat.info/Africa/swazilag.htm . 2018-05-29 . dead .
  7. Web site: Africa :: ESWATINI. CIA The World Factbook. 12 September 2018.