Demographics of Bihar explained
At the 2011 Census, Bihar was the third most populous state of India with total population of 104,099,452, nearly 89% of it rural. It was also India's most densely populated state, with 1,106 persons per square kilometre. The sex ratio was 918 females per 1000 males.[1] Almost 58% of Bihar's population was below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. At 11.3%, Bihar has the second-lowest urbanisation rate in India after Himachal Pradesh.[2]
Most of Bihar's population belongs to a collection of ethnic groups speaking indic languages. It also attracted Punjabi Hindu refugees during the Partition of British India in 1947.[3] Bihar has a total literacy rate of 63.82% (73.39% for males and 53.33% for females), recording a growth of 20% in female literacy over the preceding decade. According to the 2011 census, 82.7% of Bihar's population practised Hinduism, while 16.9% followed Islam.[4] Bihar has highest fertility rate of 3.41 in comparison to the other states of India.[5]
Population
Population by Age group (2001)[6] |
---|
Age Group | Total | Male | Female |
---|
0–4 | 11006072 | 5623280 | 5382792 |
5–9 | 12804302 | 6705263 | 6099039 |
10–14 | 11063777 | 5970201 | 5093576 |
15–19 | 7190188 | 4028643 | 3161545 |
20–24 | 6323193 | 3180063 | 3143130 |
25–29 | 5908308 | 2894706 | 3013602 |
30–34 | 5549787 | 2713871 | 2835916 |
35–39 | 5077935 | 2576089 | 2501846 |
40–44 | 4153203 | 2213770 | 1939433 |
45–49 | 3461664 | 1778368 | 1683296 |
50–54 | 2711041 | 1543620 | 1167421 |
55–59 | 2069940 | 990011 | 1079929 |
60–64 | 2103909 | 1120743 | 983166 |
65–69 | 1354937 | 683656 | 671281 |
70–74 | 1029921 | 571438 | 458483 |
75–79 | 446860 | 233961 | 212899 |
80+ | 565647 | 312207 | 253440 |
Age not stated | 177825 | 103905 | 73920 |
All ages | 82998509 | 43243795 | 39754714 | |
Religion
See main article: Religion in Bihar.
Religion in Bihar!Religion !! 2001[7] !! 2011[8] Hinduism | 69,076,919 | 86,078,686 |
Islam | 13,722,048 | 17,557,809 |
Christianity | 53,137 | 129,247 |
Buddhism | 18,818 | 25,453 |
Sikhism | 20,780 | 23,779 |
Jainism | 16,085 | 18,914 |
Other | 52,905 | 13,437 |
Not stated | n/a | 252,127 |
Total | 82,998,509 | 104,099,452 | |
Religion in Bihar (%)!Religion !! 2001 !! 2011Hinduism | 83.22 | 82.69 |
Islam | 16.53 | 16.87 |
Christianity | 0.06 | 0.12 |
Buddhism | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Sikhism | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Jainism | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Other | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Not stated | n/a | 0.24 | |
As per recently released
Bihar caste-based survey 2022,
Hinduism is practised by 81.99% and
Islam is followed by 17.70%.
[9] Caste and ethnic groups
See main article: Bihar caste-based survey 2022. As per Bihar government’s Bihar caste-based survey 2022 report, released on 2 October 2023, showed that extremely backward classes (EBCs) account for 36.01 percent of the 13.07 crore population of the state.[10] [11] OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of total population of Bihar.[12] [13]
Caste Groups of Bihar[14] [15] |
---|
Caste Groups | Population[16] (%) |
---|
| 27.12% |
EBC | 36.01% |
Dalits(SCs) | 19.65% |
| 15.52% |
Adivasis(STs) | 1.68% | |
- As per, 2011 Census of India, Scheduled Castes constitute 16% of Bihar's 104 million population.[17] The census identified 21 of 23 Dalit sub-castes as Mahadalits.[18] Mahadalit community consists of the following sub castes - Bantar, Bauri, Bhogta, Bhuiya, Chaupal, Dabgar, Dom (Dhangad), Ghasi, Halalkhor, Hari (Mehtar, Bhangi), Kanjar, Kurariar, Lalbegi, Musahar, Nat, Pan (Swasi), Rajwar, Turi, Dhobi, Pasi, Chamar and Paswan (Dusadh).[19] Paswan caste was initially left out of the Mahadalit category.[20] [21] [22] Adivasis (Scheduled Tribes) constitute around 1.3% of Bihar population.[23] [24] Tribals include Gond, Santhal and Tharu communities in Bihar.[25] [26]
- Extremely Backward Class (EBCs) are also sometimes referred to as Most Backward Class(MBCs). There are 130-odd EBC castes in Bihar.[27] [28] [29]
Languages
See main article: Languages of Bihar.
See also: Maithili language, Bhojpuri language, Angika, Magahi, Magadhi Prakrit and Hindi in Bihar.
Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, whilst the majority of the people speak one of the Bihari languages – Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili or Angika. Maithili is also one of the recognised regional languages of India as per the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Proponents have called Bhojpuri, Magahi, Bajjika and Angika to receive the same status.[30] [31] [32]
Education
+ Education in Bihar (2001)[33] |
Level | Persons | Male | Female |
---|
Literate without educational | 1,715,049 | 1,109,731 | 605,318 |
Below Primary | 7,890,329 | 4,754,137 | 3,136,192 |
Primary | 8,334,709 | 5,130,917 | 3,203,792 |
Middle | 4,390,226 | 3,012,151 | 1,378,075 |
Secondary | 4,751,560 | 3,439,918 | 1,311,642 |
Higher Secondary | 1,826,093 | 1,385,282 | 440,811 |
Technical Diploma | 24,989 | 20,088 | 4,901 |
Non-technical Diploma | 48,532 | 40,458 | 8,074 |
Graduate & above | 2,109,415 | 1,737,651 | 371,764 |
Unclassified | 18,675 | 14,043 | 4,632 | |
See main article: Education in Bihar and Literacy In Bihar.
Bihar has a total literacy rate of 69.83%. Overall Male and Female literacy rate is 70.32% and 53.57% respectively.[34] Total Rural literacy rate is 43.9%. In rural areas of Bihar, Male and Female literacy rate is 57.1 and 29.6 respectively. Total Urban literacy rate is 71.9. In urban areas of Bihar, Male and Female literacy rate is 79.9 and 62.6 respectively..[35] Total number of literates in Bihar is 3,16,75,607 which consists 2,09,78,955 Male and 1,06,96,652 Female.Patna has highest Literacy Rate of 63.82% followed by Rohtas (62.36%) and Munger (60.11%).Kishanganj has lowest Literacy Rate of 31.02% followed by Araria (34.94%) and Katihar (35.29%).
Economics
See main article: Economy of Bihar.
Districts
+ Districtwise Demographics (2001)[36] | Districts of Bihar | Total Population 2001
| Male Population 2001
| Female Population 2001
| Growth Rate 1981–91
| Growth Rate 1991-01
| Sex Ratio 1991
| Sex Ratio 2001
| Population density 1991
| Population density 2001 |
---|
| 3,043,044 | 1,600,853 | 1,442,191 | 18.30 | 30.40 | 877 | 901 | 446 | 582 |
| 3,933,636 | 2,072,350 | 1,861,286 | 25.46 | 29.27 | 883 | 898 | 767 | 991 |
| 514,288 | 271,261 | 243,027 | 27.34 | 36.16 | 876 | 896 | 853 | 1,161 |
| 2,669,887 | 1,410,149 | 1,259,738 | 23.13 | 32.58 | 884 | 893 | 915 | 1,214 |
| 3,570,651 | 1,837,361 | 1,733,290 | 21.76 | 26.08 | 932 | 943 | 809 | 1,020 |
| 1,745,069 | 908,855 | 836,214 | 23.45 | 29.95 | 904 | 920 | 557 | 724 |
| 2,124,831 | 1,108,924 | 1,015,907 | 26.69 | 31.84 | 907 | 916 | 569 | 751 |
| 1,294,063 | 666,910 | 627,153 | 22.20 | 31.50 | 933 | 940 | 522 | 687 |
| 2,540,788 | 1,325,794 | 1,214,994 | 23.76 | 35.23 | 903 | 916 | 582 | 787 |
| 2,389,533 | 1,244,943 | 1,144,590 | 27.77 | 30.91 | 909 | 919 | 597 | 782 |
| 1,524,596 | 796,272 | 728,324 | 22.16 | 29.45 | 885 | 915 | 659 | 853 |
| 1,506,418 | 788,585 | 717,833 | 25.54 | 33.03 | 884 | 910 | 665 | 885 |
| 3,285,473 | 1,716,640 | 1,568,833 | 25.04 | 30.85 | 911 | 914 | 1,102 | 1,442 |
| 3,743,836 | 1,941,480 | 1,802,356 | 25.30 | 26.74 | 904 | 928 | 931 | 1,180 |
| 2,149,343 | 1,072,151 | 1,077,192 | 25.12 | 26.11 | 968 | 1,005 | 838 | 1,057 |
| 2,708,840 | 1,332,218 | 1,376,622 | 22.04 | 24.78 | 1,017 | 1,033 | 978 | 1,221 |
| 3,251,474 | 1,654,428 | 1,597,046 | 23.44 | 26.37 | 963 | 965 | 974 | 1,231 |
| 2,712,389 | 1,412,276 | 1,300,113 | 29.08 | 26.39 | 921 | 921 | 1,054 | 1,332 |
| 3,413,413 | 1,771,249 | 1,642,164 | 28.35 | 25.63 | 926 | 927 | 936 | 1,175 |
| 2,342,989 | 1,226,057 | 1,116,932 | 24.61 | 29.11 | 898 | 911 | 946 | 1,222 |
| 1,276,677 | 675,501 | 601,176 | 28.44 | 29.32 | 868 | 890 | 664 | 859 |
| 2,430,331 | 1,294,192 | 1,136,139 | 20.67 | 27.24 | 864 | 878 | 743 | 946 |
| 1,608,778 | 843,061 | 765,717 | 24.44 | 24.47 | 893 | 908 | 428 | 533 |
| 1,135,499 | 604,662 | 530,837 | 17.79 | 20.34 | 856 | 878 | 665 | 800 |
| 801,173 | 416,727 | 384,446 | 21.08 | 23.94 | 880 | 923 | 526 | 652 |
| 525,137 | 273,468 | 251,669 | 19.84 | 24.96 | 896 | 920 | 610 | 762 |
| 2,368,327 | 1,236,467 | 1,131,860 | 21.73 | 18.64 | 898 | 915 | 848 | 1,006 |
| 4,709,851 | 2,514,949 | 2,194,902 | 19.84 | 30.17 | 867 | 873 | 1,130 | 1,471 |
| 2,233,415 | 1,175,333 | 1,058,082 | 20.26 | 24.58 | 904 | 900 | 725 | 903 |
| 1,403,462 | 738,239 | 665,223 | 18.63 | 29.03 | 884 | 901 | 670 | 864 |
| 1,284,575 | 673,556 | 611,019 | 24.20 | 30.64 | 884 | 907 | 292 | 382 |
| 2,448,762 | 1,282,655 | 1,166,107 | 21.77 | 27.71 | 894 | 909 | 498 | 636 |
| 1,511,406 | 783,960 | 727,446 | 19.43 | 28.64 | 919 | 928 | 749 | 963 |
| 2,004,960 | 1,035,757 | 969,203 | 24.49 | 30.19 | 915 | 936 | 466 | 607 |
| 3,464,983 | 1,789,231 | 1,675,752 | 23.92 | 30.03 | 922 | 937 | 536 | 696 |
| 1,809,425 | 928,638 | 880,787 | 23.70 | 33.08 | 936 | 948 | 545 | 726 |
| 1,397,474 | 728,812 | 668,662 | 21.90 | 32.90 | 903 | 917 | 339 | 451 | |
Miscellaneous statistics
, Bihar had 212,015 international migrants[37] and 1,619,031 inter-state migrants.[38]
See also
References
NotesCitations
Notes and References
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- Web site: Urban and Rural Population of India 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120315223625/http://indiafacts.in/india-census-2011/urban-rural-population-o-india/. 15 March 2012. 29 October 2016.
- Web site: Census GIS HouseHold. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100706213221/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm. 6 July 2010. 15 October 2009. Censusindiamaps.net.
- News: Singh. Vijaita. 25 August 2015. Bihar elections among factors in religious data of Census 2011 release. The Hindu. live. 26 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171230200448/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar-elections-among-factors-in-religious-data-of-census-2011-release/article7579546.ece. 30 December 2017. www.TheHindu.com.
- Web site: Why is Madras High Court questioning the 'one man, one vote' principle for India's Parliament? . Daniyal . Shoaib . 28 August 2021 . scroll.in . 4 September 2021 . 4 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140454/https://scroll.in/article/1003812/why-is-madras-high-court-questioning-the-one-man-one-vote-principle-for-indias-parliament . live .
- Web site: Census of India – Age groups . Censusindia.gov.in . 2014-08-16 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131113204859/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/age_groups.htm . 13 November 2013.
- Web site: Total population by religious communities. Censusindia.gov.in. 20 November 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm. 19 January 2008.
- Web site: Indian Census 2011. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html. 13 September 2015. 25 August 2015. Census Department, Government of India.
- Web site: Joy . Shemin . Caste survey in Bihar: OBCs, EBCs make up 63.13% of population; Gen Category 15.52% . Deccan Herald . en.
- Web site: Bihar caste survey released: EBCs form 36% of population, OBCs at 27.13%. 2 October 2023 . 2 October 2023. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002143043/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-caste-survey-ebc-obc-population-8965116/. live.
- Web site: With Bihar caste survey, how Nitish Kumar hit two targets in one fell swoop. 2 October 2023 . 2 October 2023. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002155105/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/with-bihar-caste-survey-how-nitish-kumar-hit-two-targets-in-one-fell-swoop-8965619/. live.
- Web site: Bihar caste survey released: OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of total population. . 2 October 2023. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002181012/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-caste-census-27-13backward-class-15-52-general-category/articleshow/104103634.cms. live.
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- News: Non-inclusion of Paswans in Mahadalit list angers Paswan. The Hindu. 19 November 2009. 9 October 2015. 25 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160125125707/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/noninclusion-of-paswans-in-maha-dalit-list-angers-paswan/article51356.ece. live.
- Web site: Bihar CM includes Paswan caste in Mahadalit category. 15 February 2015. 20 May 2015. 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305163041/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bihar-cm-includes-paswan-caste-in-mahadalit-category-115021500440_1.html. live.
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