2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries explained

Election Name:2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Country:United States
Type:primary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Previous Year:2008
Election Date:January 3 to June 5, 2012
Next Election:2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Next Year:2016
Image1:File:President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg
Color1:800080
Candidate1:Barack Obama
Home State1:Illinois
Delegate Count1:3,514
States Carried1:56
Popular Vote1:8,044,659[1]
Percentage1:90.1%
Color2:000000
Candidate2:Uncommitted
Home State2:N/A
Delegate Count2:72
States Carried2:0
Popular Vote2:439,589
Percentage2:5.0%
Image3:File:John_Wolfe_on_Lesser-Known_Presidential_Candidates_Forum_crop.jpg
Color3:017DCF
Candidate3:John Wolfe Jr.
Home State3:Tennessee
Delegate Count3:23
States Carried3:0
Popular Vote3:116,639
Percentage3:1.3%
Democratic nominee
Before Election:Barack Obama
After Election:Barack Obama

From January 3 to June 5, 2012, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 2012 United States presidential election. President Barack Obama won the Democratic Party nomination by securing more than the required 2,383 delegates on April 3, 2012, after a series of primary elections and caucuses. He was formally nominated by the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5, 2012, in Charlotte, North Carolina.[2]

Primary race overview

The general expectation was that, with President Barack Obama having the advantage of incumbency and being the only viable candidate running, the race would be merely pro forma. Vermont senator Bernie Sanders reportedly considered challenging Obama in the primaries but decided not to run after then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid talked him out of it.[3]

Several of the lesser-known candidates made efforts to raise visibility. Some Occupy movement activists made an attempt to take over the Iowa caucuses,[4] and got about 2% of the vote for Uncommitted. With nine minor candidates on the ballot in New Hampshire, there was a debate at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire on December 19, 2011,[5] in which seven candidates participated. Anti-abortion activist Randall Terry bought time on television in order to show graphic commercials denouncing abortion.[6]

Three candidates – other than Obama – who had been on the ballot in New Hampshire were also on the ballot in Missouri. One such candidate, Randall Terry, attempted to air graphic TV commercials during Super Bowl XLIV, but was met with resistance from various TV stations[7] [8] in some locations. The Democratic National Committee also tried to stop the ads by claiming that Terry was not a legitimate Democratic candidate even though he was legally on the ballot.[9]

A number of partisans of Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories, challenging the legitimacy of Obama's birthright citizenship, attempted to have the President's name removed from the Georgia primary ballot. A state administrative judge upheld a subpoena, which was ignored by the President and his staff.[10] In February 2012, the activists' legal challenge was rejected by a Georgia state law judge and by the Secretary of State of Georgia, and Obama remained listed on the primary ballot.[11] [12]

On May 8, 2012, Keith Russell Judd, an inmate serving a 17.5-year sentence, won 41% of the primary vote in West Virginia against incumbent Barack Obama, a higher percentage of the vote in one state than any other primary opponent of Obama had hitherto achieved in 2012.[13] [14] Shortly thereafter, attorney John Wolfe, Jr. won 42% of the primary vote in Arkansas after widespread speculation that Wolfe could possibly pull off an upset of the state.[15]

Challengers to President Obama only qualified for the ballot in eight states – New Hampshire, Missouri, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Texas, West Virginia, Arkansas, and Alaska – while a ninth (Ohio) was going to have Randall Terry on the ballot, but removed his name before the ballots were printed. Randall Terry also attempted to contest the Kansas caucus, but was denied a spot on the caucus ballot after the state's Democratic Party determined that he didn't meet the requirements.[16]

Darcy Richardson suspended his bid for the nomination on April 28, 2012. He still appeared on the ballot in Texas and was an eligible write-in candidate in California after suspending his campaign.[17]

Four states canceled their respective Democratic primaries altogether, citing Obama being the only candidate to qualify on their respective ballot: Connecticut,[18] Delaware,[19] New York,[20] and Virginia.[21]

Despite the limited opposition and ultimately receiving 100% of the pledged delegates, Obama's total percentage of the national popular primary vote was the lowest of any incumbent since the contested 1992 election when George H. W. Bush was challenged by Pat Buchanan.

Even without any clear candidate opposition, Obama faced a considerable amount of resistance in several southern states such as Arkansas, Oklahoma and Kentucky. None of the three had been contested by the same anti-Obama candidate, yet ran significant margins, to the point some speculated he would lose these contests.

Performance of losing candidates

See main article: 2012 Democratic Party presidential candidates. Obama was on the ballot in all states, where he ran mostly unopposed. In addition to Obama, the following table lists those candidates that attained ballot status in at least one state,[22] as well as those states that listed "Uncommitted"[23] or "No Preference"[24] as an option:

CandidateVotesDelegatesStates on ballot
"Uncommitted" or "No Preference"426,336729 (AL, DC, KY, MA, MD, MI, MO, MT, NC, RI, TN)
John Wolfe, Jr.117,0330 (23)5 (AR, LA, MO, NH, TX)
Darcy Richardson109,7640 5 (LA, MO, NH, OK, TX)
Keith Russell Judd[25] 73,1380 (1)1 (WV)
Bob Ely29,9470 4 (LA, NH, OK, TX)
Randall Terry22,7340 (7)4 (AK, MO, NH, OK)
Jim Rogers15,535 0 (3)1 (OK)
Ed Cowan94501 (NH)
Vermin Supreme8330 1 (NH)
John D. Haywood4230 1 (NH)
Craig Freis4000 1 (NH)
Cornelius Edward O'Connor2660 1 (NH)
Edward T. O'Donnell2220 1 (NH)
Bob Greene2130 1 (NH)
Scott W. Stey1550 1 (NH)
Aldous C. Tyler1060 1 (NH)

Second-place by state

Map of second-place candidates in the 2012 Democratic presidential primaries
       
   

Counties carried

        
   

Candidates

Nominee

CandidateMost recent officeHome statedata-sort-type="date" CampaignWithdrawal datePopularvoteContests wonRunning mate
data-sort-="" scope="row" style="background:linen;" Barack ObamaPresident of the United States
(2009–2017)
Illinois		data-sort-value="0" (Campaign • Positions)
Secured nomination: April 3, 2012		data-sort-value="14,015,993" 6,158,064(88.9%)data-sort-value="44" 56
Joe Biden

Withdrew during primaries

Delegate allocation

The number of pledged delegates allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. is based on two main factors: (1) the proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the last three presidential elections, and (2) the number of electoral votes each state has in the United States Electoral College. In addition, fixed numbers of delegates are allocated to Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Democrats Abroad under the party's delegate selection rules. Depending on each state's law and each state's party rules, when voters cast ballots for a candidate in a presidential caucus or primary, they may be voting to actually award delegates bound to vote for a particular candidate at the state or national convention (binding primary or caucus), or they may simply be expressing an opinion that the state party is not bound to follow in selecting delegates to the national convention (non-binding primary or caucus).

States are awarded bonus pledged delegates if they schedule their primary or caucus later in the primary season. Those states with April dates are awarded a 10 percent increase, while those who schedule from May 1 to June 12 get a 20 percent increase. And starting on March 20, a 15 percent bonus is awarded when clusters of three or more neighboring states begin on the same day.

The unpledged superdelegates included members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate, state and territorial governors, members of the Democratic National Committee, and other party leaders. Because of possible deaths, resignations, or the results of intervening or special elections, the final number of these superdelegates was not known until the week of the convention.

Some delegates committed to candidates other than the President were not permitted to be elected in contested primaries for administrative reasons.[26] [27] [28]

Calendar

See main article: Timeline of the 2012 United States presidential election.

See also: United States presidential primary.

Primary schedule

The date for the first determining step for election of pledged delegates, is listed for each of the 56 constituencies. Northern Mariana Islands caucuses were only organized for Republicans and not for Democrats in 2012.

Date in 2012[29] State or territoryTypePledged delegates Super-delegatesTotal delegates[30] Obama #Obama %Other #Other %Source
Iowanonbinding caucus5411658,06498.9%881.1%[31]
New Hampshiresemi-closed primary2873549,08081.3%11,29518.7%[32]
Nevadanonbinding caucus3684498.3%1.7%[33]
South Carolinaopen primary56662100%0%
Missouriprimary891310264,43588.4%8,45311.6%[34]
Oklahomaprimary 4555064,38957.1%48,38242.9%[35]
Massachusettsprimary11026136127,90986.5%19,96413.5%[36]
Coloradocaucus721486100%0%
Ohioprimary 17417191542,086100%0%[37]
Tennesseeprimary8299180,70588.5%10,50411.5%[38]
Georgiaprimary11014124139,273100%(0%)0%[39]
Virginiaprimary 10618124(0%)#0%(0%)
Vermontprimary1892740,24798.4%6751.6%[40]
American Samoacaucus6612
-31Maineconvention 10618124
-April 8Minnesotaconvention911610716,73396.3%6433.7%[41]
Hawaiicaucus269351,31696.91%423.09%[42]
Alabamaprimary63669241,16784.09%45,61315.91%[43]
Mississippiprimary4054597,304100%(0%)[44]
Utahcaucus29534100%0%
Illinoisprimary18926215652,58399.99%134 0.01%[45]
Louisianaprimary64872115,15076.46%35,451 23.54%[46]
Arizonacaucuses701080100%0%[47]
District of Columbiaprimary22234556,50397.4%1,4862.6%[48]
Marylandprimary9727124288,76688.5%37,70411.5%[49]
Wisconsinprimary10011111293,91497.9%6,341 2.1%[50]
–14Alaskacaucus19524500100%0%[51]
Nebraskacaucus38644
  • 63,881
100%0%[52]
Kansasconvention49453
Wyomingcaucus18422
Idahocaucus27431
Washingtoncaucus10515120
Texasconvention26027287520,41088.2%69,75411.8%[53]
Connecticutprimary731588
New Yorkprimary33747384
Pennsylvaniaprimary22822250616,102100%0%[54]
Rhode Islandprimary328406,75983.4%1,34816.6%[55]
–6Democrats Abroadprimary154192,70999.09%250.91%[56]
Floridacaucus (after a nonbinding primary)127624300100%0%
Guamprimary7512700100%0%[57]
Michigancaucus18320203174,05489.30%20,833 10.7%[58]
Indianaprimary969105221,466100%0%[59]
North Carolinaprimary13918157766,07779.23%200,81020.77%[60]
West Virginiaprimary361147106,77059.35%73,13840.65%[61]
Oregonprimary701484309,35894.79%16,9985.21%[62]
Arkansasprimary4785594,85258.4%67,49141.6%[63]
Kentuckyprimary66773119,29357.8%86,925 42.2%[64]
-30Delawareprimary231033
–3U.S. Virgin Islandsconvention7613
Puerto Ricoprimary60767
Californiaprimary547626092,075,90599.99%4040.01%[65]
Montanaprimary2473179,93289.77%8,27010.23%[66]
New Jerseyprimary15319172283,673100%0%[67]
New Mexicoprimary391150122,958100%0%[68]
North Dakotacaucus225 27
South Dakotaprimary22729
Jan 3 - Jun 5All 56 constituencies-4,826 7265,552--
* - Unopposed# - Primary Canceled
Notes
  1. Florida's legislature set the date for its primary on January 31, violating the scheduling guidelines of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The DNC has since declared Florida's primary as nonbinding, and therefore an alternate delegate selection system consisting of county caucuses will now take place on May 5, followed by a state convention in June.
  2. Randall Terry collected 18% of the votes, winning twelve counties, in the Oklahoma primary, qualifying him for seven delegates to the 2012 Democratic National Convention. Jim Rogers collected 13% of the votes, winning three counties, qualifying him for three delegates (one from each of three congressional districts where he collected over 15%).[69]

State results

Election Name:New Hampshire Democratic Primary, 2012
Country:New Hampshire
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:New Hampshire Democratic primary, 2008
Previous Year:2008
Next Election:New Hampshire Democratic primary, 2016
Next Year:2016
Color1:1E90FF
Candidate1:Barack Obama
Home State1:Illinois
Delegate Count1:10
Popular Vote1:49,080
Percentage1:80.91%
Color2:ffcc00
Candidate2:Ron Paul
Home State2:Texas
Delegate Count2:0
Popular Vote2:2,289
Percentage2:3.77%
New HampshireA Democratic presidential candidates debate, held at Saint Anselm College in December 2011, was attended by seven candidates; Obama did not participate.[5] A total of 60,659 votes were cast in the primary. Obama won with 49,080 votes. The total votes cast were more than 30 percent fewer than in 1996, the last time that a Democratic president ran for re-election without significant opposition.[70] As is typical in New Hampshire primaries, there were a number of write in votes for politicians from the other party.
CandidateVotes[71] PercentageDelegates
Barack Obama (incumbent)49,08080.91%10
Ron Paul2,2893.77%-
Mitt Romney1,8142.99%-
Jon Huntsman1,2382.04%-
Ed Cowan9451.56%-
Vermin Supreme8331.37%-
Randall Terry4461%-
Scatter7721.27%-
John D. Haywood4230.70%-
Craig Freis4000.66%-
Rick Santorum3020.50%-
Bob Ely2870.47%-
Newt Gingrich2760.46%-
Cornelius Edward O'Connor2650.44%-
Darcy Richardson2640.44%-
John Wolfe, Jr.2450.40%-
Edward T. O'Donnell2220.37%-
Bob Greene2130.35%-
Robert B. Jordan1550.26%-
Aldous C. Tyler1060.17%-
Buddy Roemer290.05%-
Fred Karger260.04%-
Rick Perry170.03%-
Stewart Greenleaf40.01%-
Gary Johnson40.01%-
Michael Meehan40.01%-
Michele Bachmann20.00%-
Herman Cain10.00%-
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Democratic primary, March 6, 2012[72]
CandidateVotesPercentageDelegates
Barack Obama (incumbent)64,330 57.09%35
Randall Terry20,302 18.02%7
Jim Rogers15,540 13.79%3
Darcy Richardson7,197 6.39%0
Bob Ely5,322 4.72%0
Unprojected delegates:45
Total:--45
Louisiana
Louisiana Democratic primary, March 24, 2012
CandidateVotesPercentageDelegates
Barack Obama (incumbent)115,15076.45%62
John Wolfe Jr.17,80411.83%3
Bob Ely9,8976.57%-
Darcy Richardson7,7505.15%-
Missouri
Missouri Democratic primary, February 7, 2012
CandidateVotespercentageDelegates
Barack Obama (incumbent)64,36688.39%89
Randall Terry1,9982.74%-
John Wolfe Jr.1,0001.37%-
Darcy Richardson8731.20%-
uncommitted4,5806.29%-
Arkansas
Arkansas Democratic primary, May 22, 2012
CandidateVotespercentageDelegates
Barack Obama (incumbent)94,93658.37%55
John Wolfe Jr.67,71141.63% -

See also

Notes and References

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  2. News: Dems formally nominate Obama after Clinton hails both his calm, passion . September 5, 2012 . Dallas News . 2012-09-06.
  3. Web site: Levitz . Eric . Sanders Considered Primarying Obama in 2012: Report . . February 23, 2020 . February 19, 2020.
  4. Web site: Pearce . Matt . The complete failure (and unnoticed success) of Occupy Iowa Caucus . Salon.com . 2012-01-04 . 2012-08-10.
  5. Web site: Simón RíosUnion Leader Correspondent . Lesser-known candidates bring colorful campaigns to St. Anselm | New Hampshire NEWS0605 . Unionleader.com . 2012-07-20 . 2012-08-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120308183649/http://www.unionleader.com/article/20111220/NEWS0605/712209967 . 2012-03-08 . dead .
  6. Web site: Tim Murphy . Aborted Fetus Campaign Ads Hit the Airwaves in Iowa . Mother Jones . 2011-12-06 . 2012-01-01.
  7. Web site: FCC Says WMAQ Had Right to Deny Super Bowl Ad to Candidate . . February 6, 2012 . February 7, 2012 . Eggerton, John.
  8. Web site: FCC: TV can nix Super Bowl abortion ad . . February 3, 2012 . February 7, 2012 . Boliek, Brooks.
  9. Web site: Democratic National Committee Says Randall Terry Should Not be Considered a Bona Fide Candidate for Broadcast Purposes . . February 1, 2012 . February 2, 2012 . Winger, Richard.
  10. Web site: Georgia judge orders President Obama to appear in court over 'birthers' suit . . January 23, 2012 . February 2, 2012 . Williams, Chuck.
  11. Web site: Judge: Obama eligible to be Georgia candidate . . February 3, 2012 . February 7, 2012 . Rankin, Bill.
  12. News: Ga. SOS says Obama to remain on primary ballot . Associated Press . . February 7, 2012 . February 7, 2012 .
  13. Web site: Meet Keith Judd, the Superhero Inmate Winning Delegates Against Barack Obama. Weigel, David. Slate. May 8, 2012. May 9, 2012.
  14. News: Texas inmate wins 41% of vote vs. Obama in West Virginia primary. Little, M.. Los Angeles Times. May 9, 2012. May 9, 2012.
  15. Parker, Suzi (May 23, 2012). Obama struggles in Kentucky, Arkansas primaries. Reuters. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
  16. Web site: KDP Chair Wagnon's Statement On Randall Terry's Presidential Campaign Announcement Kansas Democratic Party. https://web.archive.org/web/20151026220643/http://www.ksdp.org/content/kdp-chair-wagnon%E2%80%99s-statement-randall-terrys-presidential-campaign-announcement. dead. 2015-10-26. 2015-10-26. 2017-01-28.
  17. Web site: Darcy Richardson suspends Democratic Party presidential campaign - Wikinews, the free news source. en.wikinews.org. en. 2017-01-28.
  18. Web site: Connecticut Democrat Allocation - 2012. The Green Papers. 2019-09-06.
  19. Web site: Delaware Democrat Allocation - 2012. The Green Papers. 2019-09-06.
  20. Web site: New York Democrat Allocation - 2012. The Green Papers. 2019-09-06.
  21. Web site: Virginia Democrat Allocation - 2012. The Green Papers. 2019-09-06.
  22. Web site: New Hampshire Democratic Delegation 2012 . Thegreenpapers.com . 2012-08-10.
  23. News: Obama loses 40 percent of the primary vote in Arkansas, Kentucky . The Washington Post . May 22, 2012.
  24. News: North Carolina poses challenge for Democrats . USA Today . September 2, 2012.
  25. Web site: W.Va. candidates file for Congress, state offices - Politics - The Charleston Gazette - West Virginia News and Sports . Wvgazette.com . 2012-01-28 . 2012-08-10 . 2012-04-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012140/http://www.wvgazette.com/News/politics/201201280061 . dead .
  26. Web site: John Wolfe sues Arkansas Dems to get delegates he won in 42 percent showing against Obama . NOLA.com. May 26, 2011. 2012-08-10.
  27. Web site: State anti-abortion candidate won't get presidential delegates. Tulsa World. 2012-08-10.
  28. Web site: Harrison. Heath. West Virginia Blue:: No W.Va. DNC delegates for Judd . WVA Blue. 2012-08-10.
  29. Web site: 2012 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions: Chronologically. The Green Papers. August 28, 2013. January 31, 2020.
  30. Web site: Democratic Detailed Delegate Allocation - 2012. The Green Papers. 2012-01-05.
  31. Web site: Iowa Caucus Night Reporting . https://archive.today/20120604041555/http://iowademocrats.org/caucus/hPressVt76HujI/ . dead . 2012-06-04 . Iowa Democratic Party . 2012-01-04 .
  32. Web site: 2012 Presidential Primary - Democratic President - NHSOS. sos.nh.gov. 2016-10-02.
  33. News: Memoli. Michael A.. Nevada Democratic caucuses rally support for Obama. March 25, 2012. The Los Angeles Times. January 21, 2012.
  34. Web site: Official Election Returns State of Missouri Presidential Preference Primary Presidential Preference Primary.
  35. Web site: For President-Democratic. Unofficial Results. Oklahoma State Elections Board. March 25, 2012.
  36. Web site: PD43+ » 2012 President Democratic Primary. PD43+. 2016-10-02.
  37. Web site: Democratic Presidential: March 6, 2012. www.sos.state.oh.us. 2016-10-03.
  38. Web site: State of Tennessee Democratic presidential primary . 2016-09-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170212221358/http://share.tn.gov/sos/election/results/2012-03/DemPresStateCertCountyTotals.pdf . 2017-02-12 . dead .
  39. Web site: 3/6/2012 - President of the United States. sos.ga.gov. 2017-01-15. 2014-10-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20141016014012/http://sos.ga.gov/elections/election_results/2012_0306/0005002.htm. dead.
  40. Web site: VT Elections Database » 2012 President Democratic Primary. VT Elections Database. 2016-10-02. 2016-10-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014530/http://vtelectionarchive.sec.state.vt.us/elections/view/68422/. dead.
  41. Web site: Presidential Preference by County. Minnesota Secretary of State. 2016-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20161009115655/http://minnesotaelectionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20120207/mediadisplay.asp?MediaID=7. 2016-10-09. dead.
  42. Web site: Hawaii Democratic Delegation 2012. www.thegreenpapers.com. 2016-12-17.
  43. Web site: Certification of Results - Democratic Party Primary (certified March 22, 2012). Alabama Secretary of State. 2016-10-07.
  44. Web site: Mississippi Democratic Party Votes Per Candidate / County. Mississippi Secretary of State. 2016-10-06.
  45. Web site: Election Results. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307234131/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=4008U0WcWv4=. dead. 2021-03-07. www.elections.il.gov. 2017-01-15.
  46. Web site: Louisiana Secretary of State - Live Election Results. voterportal.sos.la.gov. 2017-01-15.
  47. News: Arizona Democrats nominate Obama. azcentral.com. 2018-10-15.
  48. Web site: DC Board Of Elections And Ethics: Election Results. www.dcboee.org. 2016-10-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20161119110008/https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/2012/April-3-Primary-Election/. 2016-11-19. dead.
  49. News: Maryland 2012 Presidential Primary Election results for President of the United States.
  50. Web site: Canvass Results for 2012 PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE AND SPRING ELECTION - 4/3/2012. Wisconsin Elections and Ethics Commissions. 2016-10-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20160406041348/http://www.gab.wi.gov/sites/default/files/Percentage%20Results_Spring%20Election%20and%20Presidential%20Preference_4.3.12.pdf. 2016-04-06. dead.
  51. Web site: Alaska Democratic Delegation 2012. www.thegreenpapers.com. 2017-01-16.
  52. Web site: PRIMARY ELECTION MAY 15, 2012 Compiled by JOHN A. GALE Secretary of State. Nebraska Secretary of State. 2016-10-06. 2018-11-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20181108170730/http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2012/pdf/canvass-report-2012-primary.pdf. dead.
  53. News: Texas Primary Results - May 29, 2012. Texas Secretary of State.
  54. Web site: Pennsylvania Elections - Summary Results. www.electionreturns.pa.gov. 2016-10-06.
  55. Web site: RI.gov: Election Results. www.ri.gov. 2016-10-02.
  56. Web site: Democrats Abroad Democratic Delegation 2012. www.thegreenpapers.com. 2017-01-15.
  57. Web site: Guam Democratic Delegation 2012. www.thegreenpapers.com. 2017-01-15.
  58. Web site: 2012 Michigan Official Presidential Primary Election Results - 02/28/2012. miboecfr.nictusa.com. 2017-01-15.
  59. Web site: Secretary of State : Election Division: Election Results. www.in.gov. 2016-10-03.
  60. Web site: NC - Election Results. results.enr.clarityelections.com. 2016-09-18.
  61. Web site: West Virginia Secretary of State -- Election Results - Statewide Results Primary Election - May 8, 2012 Official Results. 2012-08-30.
  62. Web site: Official Results May 15, 2012 Primary Election. Oregon Secretary of State. 2016-10-06.
  63. News: Arkansas Caucus Results - May 22, 2012 . USA Today.
  64. News: Kentucky Primary Results - May 22, 2012 . Kentucky Secretary of State . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141103152601/http://elect.ky.gov/SiteCollectionDocuments/Election%20Results/2010-2019/2012/2012offpriresults.pdf . 2014-11-03 .
  65. Web site: Statement of Vote June 5, 2012, Presidential Primary Election. California Secretary of State. 2016-10-07.
  66. Web site: 2012 STATEWIDE PRIMARY ELECTION CANVASS. Montana Secretary of State. 2016-10-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20130121105908/http://sos.mt.gov/Elections/2012/Primary/2012_PRIMARY_STATEWIDE_CANVASS.PDF. 2013-01-21. dead.
  67. Web site: Official List - Candidates for President - For PRIMARY ELECTION 06/05/2012 Election. 2012-07-23. State of New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections. 2016-10-05.
  68. Web site: Canvass of Returns of Primary Election Held on June 5, 2012 – State of New Mexico. New Mexico Secretary of State. 2016-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091728/http://www.sos.state.nm.us/uploads/files/StatewidePrimary12(1).pdf. November 4, 2013. dead.
  69. Web site: Oklahoma-Democratic Primary. The Green Papers. March 22, 2012.
  70. Web site: New Hampshire Results Point to a Notable Democratic Enthusiasm Gap . John Nichols . January 11, 2012 . The Nation. 2012-01-13.
  71. Web site: New Hampshire Democratic Delegation 2012 . January 28, 2012 . The Green Papers. 2012-02-21.
  72. Web site: Candidates for President of the United States. Oklahoma Election Board. 2012-01-19. 2012-01-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20120126054923/http://www.ok.gov/elections/support/ppp_filing.html. dead.

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