1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries explained

Election Name:1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Country:United States
Type:primary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Previous Year:1980
Next Election:1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Next Year:1988
Election Date:February 20 to June 12, 1984
Votes For Election:3,933 delegates to the Democratic National Convention
Needed Votes:1,967 (majority)
Colour1:567953
Candidate1:Walter Mondale
Home State1:Minnesota
Delegate Count1:1,708
384
States Carried1:26
Popular Vote1:6,952,912
Percentage1:38.3%
Candidate2:Gary Hart
Colour2:a59400
Home State2:Colorado
Delegate Count2:1,198
58
States Carried2:26
Popular Vote2:6,504,842
Percentage2:35.9%
Candidate3:Jesse Jackson
Colour3:73638c
Home State3:Illinois
Delegate Count3:364
25
States Carried3:2
Popular Vote3:3,282,431
Percentage3:18.1%
Democratic nominee
Before Election:Jimmy Carter
After Election:Walter Mondale

From February 20 to June 12, 1984, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19, 1984, in San Francisco, California.

Candidates

Eliminated at Convention

CandidateMost recent office Home stateCampaignWithdrawal datePopular voteContests won
Gary
Hart		data-sort-value="Hart" U.S. Senator
from Colorado
(1975–1987)
Eliminated at Convention: July 18, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 19, 1984[1]
(Campaign)		6,504,842
(35.9%)		26
(AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL,,, IN, ME, MA, MT, NE, NV, NH, NM, OH, OK, OR, RI, SD, UT, VT, WA,, WY)
Jesse
Jackson		data-sort-value="Jackson" None
Eliminated at Convention: July 18, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
August 28, 1984[2]
(Campaign)		3,282,431
(18.1%)		2
(DC, LA)

Withdrew during Primaries

CandidateMost recent office Home stateCampaignWithdrawal datePopular voteContests won
John
Glenn		data-sort-value="Glenn" U.S. Senator
from Ohio
(1974–1999)
Withdrew:
March 16, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 18, 1984[3]
(Campaign)		617,909
(3.41%)		0
George
McGovern		data-sort-value="McGovern" U.S. Senator
from South Dakota
(1963–1981)		Withdrew:
March 14, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
June 13, 1984[4]
(Campaign)		334,801
(1.85%)		0
Reubin
Askew		data-sort-value="Askew" Governor
of Florida
(1971–1979)		Withdrew:
March 1, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 18, 1984[5]
(Campaign)		52,759
(0.29%)		0
Fritz
Hollings		data-sort-value="Hollings" U.S. Senator
from South Carolina
(1966–2005)		Withdrew:
March 1, 1984
Endorsed Hart:
March 9, 1984[6]
(Campaign)		33,684
(0.19%)		0
Alan
Cranston		data-sort-value="Cranston" U.S. Senator
from California
(1969–1993)		Withdrew:
February 29, 1984
Endorsed Mondale:
July 18, 1984[7]
(Campaign)		51,437
(0.28%)		0

Declined to run

George WallaceJimmy CarterTed KennedyDaniel Patrick MoynihanLloyd BentsenBill BradleyMo UdallDale BumpersJerry Brown
Governor
of Alabama
(1963–1967)
(1971–1979)
(1983–1987)		U.S. President
from Georgia
(1977–1981)		U.S. Senator
from Massachusetts
(1962–2009)		U.S. Senator
from New York
(1977-2001)		U.S. Senator
from Texas
(1971-1993)		U.S. Senator
from New Jersey
(1977-2001)		U.S. Representative
from Arizona
(1961–1991)		U.S. Senator
from Arkansas
(1975–1999)		Governor
of California
(1975–1983)
May 22, 1982[10] October 25, 1982[11] December 1, 1982[12] December 3, 1982[13] December 4, 1982[14] January 11, 1983[15] February 9, 1983[16] April 5, 1983[17] April 20, 1983[18]

Timeline

Background

The Commission on Presidential Nomination was formed in July 1981, under the leadership of Jim Hunt. The commission sought to increase the power of elected officials, who could choose a more moderate and ideologically representative candidate. Alan Cranston, Gillis William Long, and Walter Mondale supported giving elected officials positions as uncommitted delegates while Ted Kennedy opposed it. The report was completed on February 5, 1982. The commission allocated 568 delegates, 14% of the total, to unelected superdelegates, who were party leaders and elected officials. The primary schedule was reduced to occur from March to June, with the exception of Iowa and New Hampshire.

411 of the superdelegates were elected officials and 157 were party officials. Members of the U.S. House and U.S. Senate accounted for 200 delegates. Mondale's campaign capitalized on this and Richard Moe, with 20 lobbyists, gained support for Mondale from members of Congress. Thomas Hale Boggs Jr. lobbied for congressional support for John Glenn.

Twenty-six primaries were held in 1984, less than the thirty-one in 1980. 54% of the delegates were selected using primaries which was a decline from the 72% in 1980, 32% was selected using caucuses, and the remainder were superdelegates. Ten states, six using a primary and four using a caucus, and Puerto Rico used a winner-take-all system. The minimum percentage needed to win delegates was raised from 15% to 20%.

Overview and pre-contests

Nominee
Ended campaigns
Iowa caucuses
New Hampshire primary
Super Tuesday
Convention 1984

Kennedy, one of the leading possible candidates, announced in December 1982, that he would not run for the presidential nomination.

In June 1983, Cranston won a series of straw polls in Alabama, California, and Wisconsin and placed second in Massachusetts.[19] [20] [21] Mondale won a straw poll in Maine in October. Glenn criticized the excessive spending on the straw poll as Cranston and Mondale both spent $100,000 and Hollings spent $25,000 while campaigning for it.[22]

Jackson ended up winning 21% of the national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that Hubert Humphrey was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area.[23]

Colorado Senator Gary Hart was little-known when he announced his run February 1983, and barely received above 1% in the polls compared to other well-known figures. To counter this, Hart started campaigning early in New Hampshire, making a then-unprecedented canvassing tour in late September, months before the primary. This strategy attracted national media attention to his campaign, and by late 1983, he had risen moderately in the polls to the middle of the field, mostly at the expense of the sinking candidacies of John Glenn and Cranston.[24] [25]

Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" Great Society Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself as a younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key Ohio and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast. Hart was also badly hurt during a televised debate when Mondale used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale said that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the Wendy's fast-food slogan "Where's the beef?". The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics. Earlier in the same Democratic primary debate, Hart committed a serious faux pas that largely went underreported. Asked what he would do if an unidentified airplane flew over the Iron Curtain from a Warsaw Pact nation, Hart replied that he would send up a United States Air Force plane and instruct them to determine whether or not it was an enemy plane by looking in the cockpit window to see if the pilots were wearing uniforms. Fellow candidate John Glenn, a former Marine Corps fighter pilot, replied that this was physically impossible.

At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue, Mondale and Hart got in such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to get them to simmer down.

Jackson's campaign was bolstered after he led a delegation to Syria that convinced Hafez al-Assad to release Bobby Goodman in January 1984. Jackson received large and overwhelming positive news coverage. However, positive news coverage ended after he called Jews "Hymies" and New York City "Hymietown". Jackson was also criticized for his relation with Louis Farrakhan.[26]

Early contests

Mondale won the Iowa caucus with a plurality of the vote. Glenn performed poorly and came in sixth. Hart's campaign was bolstered by his second placing show. Hart, despite not winning Iowa, was now viewed as the only viable opponent to Mondale. Hart was polling below 10% nationally in late February, but was polling above 30% by March 2, and near 40% by March 6.

Mondale led Glenn by two-to-one in New Hampshire and Glenn led Hart by two-to-one in New Hampshire in polling from March 1983 to February 1984. However, Hart's polling improved shortly before the primary and won in New Hampshire. Mondale and Hart both won 6 delegates, despite Hart's popular vote victory, due to mathematical distribution.[27]

Reubin Askew, Alan Cranston, and Fritz Hollings ended their campaigns after their poor results in New Hampshire.[28] [29] Hart had incomplete delegate slates, such as him having 45 delegates slated for the 117 delegates up in Pennsylvania's primary. Hart adopted the delegate slates of withdrawn campaigns.[30]

March contests

Glenn's campaign stated that he needed to win Alabama and perform well in Georgia.[31] Mondale won the statewide popular vote in Georgia, but Hart won in more congressional districts and won a plurality of the state's delegates.[32] [33]

Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Illinois held their contests with a total of 510 delegates on March 13 as a part of Super Tuesday. The three leading candidates' delegate counts rose from 126 to 301 for Mondale, 17 to 164 for Hart, and 7 to 34 for Jackson.

Hollings was expected to win South Carolina as a favorite son candidate, but withdrew before the state held its caucus.[34]

On March 31, the Kentucky precinct caucuses elected a plurality uncommitted delegation supported by Martha Layne Collins. Mondale won the Virgin Islands caucus.[35]

April contests

Hart won the Wisconsin primary, but none of the major candidates campaigned in the state due to the primary having no pledged delegates.[36] Mondale won the caucus which was responsible for the allocation of 78 of the state's 89 delegates.[37]

Louisiana cancelled its primary, as it was unable to afford the $1.5 million cost, and caucuses were held for both parties instead.[38]

Last contests

On May 1, Jackson won Washington D.C. and Mondale won Tennessee. In order to gain the nomination Hart needed to win 91% of the remaining delegates after these contests.[39]

Indiana, Maryland, North Carolina, and Ohio held their contests with a total of 483 delegates on May 8 as part of Super Tuesday II.

Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but the race was not decided until June, on Super Tuesday III.[40] Decided that day were delegates from five states: South Dakota, New Mexico, West Virginia, and the big prizes of California and New Jersey.[41] The proportional nature of delegate selection meant that Mondale was likely to obtain enough delegates on that day to secure the stated support of an overall majority of delegates, and hence the nomination, no matter who actually "won" the states contested. However, Hart maintained that unpledged superdelegates that had previously claimed support for Mondale would shift to his side if he swept the Super Tuesday III primary.[42] Once again, Hart committed a faux pas, insulting New Jersey shortly before the primary day. Campaigning in California, he remarked that while the "bad news" was that he and his wife Lee had to campaign separately, "[t]he good news for her is that she campaigns in California while I campaign in New Jersey." Compounding the problem, when his wife interjected that she "got to hold a koala bear," Hart replied that "I won't tell you what I got to hold: samples from a toxic-waste dump." While Hart won California, he decisively lost New Jersey after leading in polls by as much as 15 points.

North Dakota held its first presidential primary, but no delegates were bound by it. Hart won the primary against Lyndon LaRouche, the only other candidate on the ballot.[43]

McGovern endorsed Mondale on July 11, and instructed his 23 delegates to vote for Mondale. Mondale was already 28 delegates above the minimum required to win.[44]

Mondale had the support of 81 state chairs and vice-chairs, Hart had 13, Jackson had 1, and 19 were uncommitted one week before the convention. The final CBS poll of delegates before the convention showed that among the superdelegates 384 supported Mondale, 58 supported Hart, 25 supported Jackson, and 101 were uncommitted.

Convention and aftermath

By the time the Democratic Convention started in San Francisco, Mondale had more than enough delegates to win the Democratic nomination. However, after Mondale's landslide loss to Ronald Reagan, Hart would quickly emerge as the frontrunner for the 1988 Democratic Party's presidential nomination. He would maintain that status until a sex scandal derailed his candidacy in 1987.

Mondale's nomination marked only the fifth time that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for President (i.e., not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election), following former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who followed former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II in 1956, who followed former West Virginia Congressman John W. Davis in 1924, who was preceded by former President Grover Cleveland in 1892. The Democratic Party did not nominate another private citizen until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, in 2016. Four years later, the party nominated former vice president Joe Biden. Of the seven private-citizen Democratic nominees, Jimmy Carter, Grover Cleveland, and Joe Biden won their respective presidential elections.[45]

Analysis

Mondale performed best in states with primaries. Hart won more states than Mondale and performed better both in primaries, with 16 victories out of 27, and caucuses, with 13 victories out of 23, but he won in states with lower delegate counts and which allotted them proportionally. Mondale won four of the five winner-take-all states. His plurality victories gave him all of Pennsylvania's 80 delegates and 102 of New Jersey's 107 delegates. Mondale's strong support among superdelegates meant that the delegations of five states won by Hart (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Indiana, Ohio, and New Mexico) were controlled by Mondale.

The delegate results were malapportioned when compared to the popular vote. If all of the contests used a proportional system then the results would have been 1,591 delegates for Mondale, 1,307 for Hart, 645 for Jackson, and 390 for others and uncommitted. This would have placed Mondale below the minimum number of delegates needed to win and doubled the number of Jackson's delegates.

Mondale lost all of New England and almost every state west of the Mississippi.

Two-thirds of the delegates attending the convention identified as liberals compared to 7% who identified as conservatives.

One-third of people who supported Hart during the Democratic primary voted for Reagan. 4% of Mondale supporters and 6% of Jackson supporters voted for Reagan.

The 1984 Democratic presidential primary vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroupMondaleHartJacksonOther% of
total vote
Total vote3836188100
Ideology
Moderates413715747
Liberals343625527
Conservatives3734161321
Party
Democrats423320574
Independents2844161220
Gender
Men383617946
Women393519754
Race
White424351078
Black19377118
Age
18–29 years old263926917
30–44 years old303823930
45–59 years old413418723
60 and older523110728
Education
Less than high school512618514
High school graduate433416733
Some college333821827
College graduate314120826
Union households
Union453119533
Source: Adam Clymer combined the exit polls conducted in 24 states by The New York Times, CBS, NBC, and ABC.

Endorsements

See main article: Endorsements in the 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Mondale had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials
U.S. Senate
U.S. House of Representatives
Governors
Statewide officials
State legislative leaders
State legislators
Mayors
Organizations and unions
Party officials
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Hart had received endorsements from:

U.S. House of Representatives
Governors
Statewide officials
State legislators
Local officials
Party officials
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Jackson had received endorsements from:

U.S. House of Representatives
Governors
State legislators
Mayors
Organizations and unions
Local officials
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Glenn had received endorsements from:

U.S. Senators
U.S. House of Representatives
Governors
Statewide officials
State legislators
Local officials
Party officials

McGovern had received endorsements from:

U.S. Senators
Party officials

Askew had received endorsements from:

U.S. Senators
U.S. House of Representatives
Governors
Local officials
Party officials

Hollings had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
State Constitutional officers

Cranston had received endorsements from:| title = Alan Cranston endorsements (to February 29, 1984)| list =

U.S. House of Representatives
Governors
State legislative leaders
Party officials
Business executives and leaders
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators

Uncommitted delegations had received endorsements from:

Governors
Mayors

Opinion polling

Polling aggregation

The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from March 1983 to June 1984.

1984

Poll sourcePublication
Gallup[107] June 6-8, 1984---35%-6%-48%
---39%---54%
Gallup[108] May 18-20, 1984---33%-12%-46%
---36%---57%
Gallup[109] [110] May 3-5, 1984---27%-9%-53%
---33%---59%
New York Times
CBS News[111] 		Apr. 23-26, 1984---32%-10%-47%
Gallup[112] Apr. 11-15, 1984---28%-9%-51%
Harris[113] Apr. 4-8, 1984---38%-11%-48%
New York Times
CBS News[114] 		Mar. 21-24, 1984---35%-9%-42%
Gallup[115] Mar. 16-18, 1984---39%-9%-43%
Harris[116] Mar. 15-17, 1984---45%-10%-42%
---51%---48%
USA Today[117] Mar. 9, 198434%32%!-->
New York Times
CBS News[118] 		Mar. 5-8, 1984--?38%-7%?31%
Gallup[119] Mar. 2-6, 1984--5%30%-9%3%33%
Harris[120] Mar. 1-3, 1984--12%27%-10%6%37%
Gallup[121] Mar. 1-2, 1984--8%35%-6%1%37%
New York Times
CBS News[122] 		Feb. 21-25, 19840%1%7%7%2%8%6%57%
Washington Post
ABC News[123] 		Feb. 13-15, 19841%3%13%3%1%9%4%55%
Gallup[124] Feb. 10-13, 19842%3%13%3%1%13%5%49%
Harris[125] Feb. 9-11, 19841%2%13%4%1%12%5%49%
GallupJan. 27-30, 19842%3%15%2%1%11%7%47%
New York Times
CBS News[126] 		Jun. 14-21, 1984?2%14%??14%4%44%
GallupJan. 13-16, 19841%4%16%3%1%9%4%47%
Harris[127] Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 19841%6%20%3%2%12%4%44%

1983

Poll sourcePublication
Washington Post
ABC News[128] 		Dec. 9-13, 19831%5%23%2%0%10%8%49%
GallupDec. 9-12, 19831%3%24%3%1%10%8%40%
Harris[129] Oct.-Nov., 1983?5%24%??9%5%44%!-->
GallupNov. 18-21, 19833%3%19%2%1%7%7%47%
GallupOct. 21-24, 19832%3%23%1%1%8%7%34%
GallupOct. 7-10, 19831%6%21%3%1%10%8%40%
GallupSep. 9-12, 19833%5%23%3%1%8%8%34%
Harris[130] Jul. 14-Aug. 22, 19832%9%32%4%2%--43%
2%8%31%4%2%7%-40%
GallupJul. 22-25, 19832%7%25%4%2%––41%
Los Angeles Times[131] Jun. 26-30, 19832%7%22%2%1%4%-26%
Penn-Schoen[132] Jun. 24-28, 19833%6%30%4%1%--28%
New York Times
CBS News[133] 		Jun. 20-26, 19830%5%32%1%1%7%-34%
GallupJun. 10-13, 19833%8%24%3%1%––41%
GallupApr. 29-31, 19831%3%23%4%1%––29%
Penn-Scheon[134] Apr. 23-24, 19830%5%24%3%1%9%-36%
Harris[135] Apr. 7-10, 19831%6%27%4%1%--42%
GallupMar. 11-14, 19832%3%13%2%1%–4%32%

1982

Poll sourceDate(s)
Gallup[136] Apr. 23–26, 19826%11%6%45%–12%9%11%
GallupJuly 30–Aug. 2, 19824%8%7%43%–13%25%
Gallup[137] Dec. 10–13, 19825%–14%–6%32%17%26%

Results by state

Date
Total pledged
delegates		ContestDelegates won and popular voteTotalReference
Walter MondaleGary HartJesse JacksonJohn GlennUncommittedOthers
February 200Iowa caucus48.9%16.5%1.5%3.5%9.4%20.2%[138]
February 2812New Hampshire primary6
28,173
(27.88%)		6
37,702
(37.31%)
5,311
(5.26%)
12,088
(11.96%)
17,671
(17.49%)
101,045
March 40Maine caucus7,364
(43.73%)		8,540
(50.71%)		105
(0.62%)		52
(0.31%)		602
(3.57%)		178
(1.06%)		16,841[139] [140]
March 60Vermont primary14,985
(20.25%)		51,873
(70.08%)		5,761
(7.78%)		1,399
(1.89%)		74,018[141]
March 1012Wyoming caucus4
1,266
(35.84%)		8
2,153
(60.96%)
15
(0.42%)
3
(0.08%)
101
(2.86%)
8
(0.23%)		3,532[142] [143] [144]
March 1352Alabama primary23
116,920
(27.30%)		11
88,465
(20.66%)		9
83,787
(19.56%)		9
89,286
(20.85%)
4,464
(1.04%)
45,361
(10.59%)		428,283[145] [146]
123Florida primary57
394,350
(35.66%)		36
463,799
(41.94%)		0
144,263
(13.05%)		0
128,209
(11.59%)		30
51,669
(4.67%)		1,105,750[147] [148] [149]
84Georgia primary24
208,588
(30.47%)		28
186,903
(27.30%)		17
143,730
(21.00%)		1
122,744
(17.93%)
3,068
(0.45%)
19,508
(2.85%)		684,541[150] [151]
0Hawaii caucus911
(32.3%)		118
(4.2%)		1,790
(63.5%)		[152]
106Massachusetts primary41
160,893
(25.14%)		52
245,943
(38.43%)
31,824
(4.97%)
45,456
(7.10%)
5,080
(0.79%)		13
196,305
(30.67%)
640,045		[153]
0Nevada caucus(37.7%)(52.3%)(0.6%)(2%)(7.2%)(0.2%)5,000[154]
0Oklahoma caucus(39.7%)(41.4%)(3.8%)(5.0%)(10.1%)42,000[155]
22Rhode Island primary10
15,338 (34.46%)		12
20,011 (44.96%)		3,875 (8.71%)2,249 (5.05%)439 (0.99%)
2,599 (5.84%)		44,511[156]
66Washington caucus31
34
1




March 1418Delaware caucus13
5



3

12North Dakota caucus8
4





March 150Alaska caucus[157] [158]
March 1742Arkansas caucus24
9
7


2

5Latin American Democrats caucus1
9
7


4

Kentucky urban caucus






155Michigan caucus95
49
9


2

43Mississippi caucus23
4
12


4

3Panama Canal Zone3[159]
43South Carolina caucus15
7
16


10

March 1853Puerto Rico caucus53






March 20194Illinois primary114
42
6


32

78Minnesota caucus51
3
2


22

March 2444Kansas caucus24
16



4

March 24–2678Virginia caucus31
13
22


12

March 2520Montana caucus3
13



4

March 2760Connecticut primary23
36
1


4

March 310Oklahoma county convention(41.1%)(50.8%)(1.3%)(6.6%)945[160] [161]
April 30Wisconsin primary261,374
(41.11%)		282,435
(44.42%)		62,524
(9.83%)		6,398
(1.01%)		23,037
(3.62%)		635,768
April 3285New York primary155
77
51


2

April 769Louisiana caucus16
21
24


8

0Wisconsin caucus1,41995286000
0Iowa county conventions1,654949360314248[162] [163]
April 10117Pennsylvania primary811416141[164] [165]
April 1440Arizona caucus19
19
1


1

29Oklahoma district conventions1316[166]
April 158New Hampshire convention33

2

[167]
April 1624Utah caucus4
14



6

April 1783Missouri caucus53
9
15


6

April 240Vermont caucus43169121587[168]
7Guam caucus6.25
0.75





April ?0Nevada county convention[169]
May 116Washington D.C. primary4

12




76Tennessee primary35
21
15


5

May 534Iowa district conventions20130001[170]
186Texas caucus100
38
30


18

53Wisconsin congressional district caucus31175000
May 627Maine convention12132[171]
18Oklahoma state convention612[172]
17Nevada convention611[173]
May 748Colorado caucus
45



3

May 880Indiana primary31
38
7


4

70Maryland primary47
3
17


3

80North Carolina primary47
18
14


1

176Ohio primary80
80
10


6

May 1311Alaska convention641[174]
May 1524Nebraska primary8
16





47Oregon primary18
29





May 196American Samoa caucus6






May 2220Idaho primary6
11



3

May 2619Hawaii convention613[175]
17Vermont convention5831[176]
18Wisconsin at-large delegates5200110
June 255Pennsylvania convention5500000[177]
June 5333California primary91
207
30



5
73New Jersey primary68
305,516 (45.16%)		1
200,948 (29.70%)		4
159,788 (23.62%)		10,309 (1.52%)676,561[178]
27New Mexico primary13
14





15South Dakota primary6
20,495 (38.99%)		9
26,641 (50.69%)		2,738 (5.21%)1,304 (2.48%)1,383 (2.63%)52,561[179]
35West Virginia primary22
198,776 (51.91%)		13
137,866 (38.09%)
24,697 (6.82%)
632 (0.17%)		361,971[180]
June 924Iowa conventions1570001[181] [182]
June 1634New Jersey convention3400000[183]
Total

When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell the truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did." Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances.

Vice-Presidential nominee

Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York as his running mate and she was confirmed by acclamation, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a major party.

Aides later said that Mondale was determined to establish a precedent with his vice presidential candidate, considering San Francisco Mayor (Later U.S. Senator) Dianne Feinstein and Governor of Kentucky Martha Layne Collins, who were also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination.[23] Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities"; however, he praised Mondale for his choice.

Others however preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart had also been lobbying for the vice-presidential spot on the ticket once it became apparent that Mondale had clinched the majority of delegates; Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the President.

Politicians considered for vice presidential nomination:[184]

See also

Works cited

Notes and References

  1. News: July 20, 1984 . Hart Promises Mondale Full Support . 7A . Oakland Tribune . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-hart-promises-mondale-fu/159059528/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  2. News: August 29, 1984 . Jesse Jackson Endorses Mondale; Maynard Jackson will be adviser . 5A . The Atlanta Constitution . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-jesse-jackson-e/159058757/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  3. News: July 19, 1984 . Glenn, Luken Cast Votes For Mondale . 6A . The Cincinnati Enquirer . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-glenn-luken-cas/159060937/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  4. News: June 14, 1984 . McGovern Backs Mondale . 1 . Argus-Leader . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/argus-leader-mcgovern-backs-mondale/159061629/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  5. News: July 19, 1984 . 'Different Democrat' Hears Last Hurrah Of Campaign . 13A . The Miami Herald . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-different-democrat-he/159062748/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  6. News: March 10, 1984 . 'A New Sense of Direction' . 1 . The Greenville News . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-a-new-sense-of-dire/159063734/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  7. News: July 19, 1984 . Hart Picked Up Early California Support . 18 . The Napa Valley Register . live . https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-napa-valley-register-hart-picked-up/159063232/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  8. Web site: Second former Florida governor surprise entry in N.H. Primary - UPI Archives.
  9. News: February 18, 1984 . Willis: I Will Represent The Common American . 2 . Concord Monitor . Newspapers.com.
  10. News: May 23, 1982 . Wallace . 2A . The Montgomery Advertiser . Newspapers.com.
  11. News: October 25, 1982 . Carter: Mondale's The One . 2A . The Macon Telegraph . Newspapers.com.
  12. News: December 2, 1982 . Kennedy Decision Creates Democratic Free-For-All . 17 . The Boston Globe . Newspapers.com.
  13. News: December 4, 1982 . Moynihan Sees His Role As Spokesman For Party . 29 . The New York Times . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150524103627/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/04/nyregion/moynihan-sees-his-role-as-spokesman-for-party.html . May 24, 2015 . November 15, 2024 .
  14. News: December 4, 1982 . Kennedy Soap Opera Never Fails To Keep Politicos Guessing . 17 . Waco Tribune-Herald . Newspapers.com.
  15. News: January 12, 1983 . Bradley Won't Seek '84 Presidency. But He Has Plan For The Candidate . 26 . The Central New Jersey Home News . November 16, 2024 .
  16. News: February 10, 1983 . Udall Leaves Door Ajar For Nomination In '84 . 3 . Arizona Daily Sun . Newspapers.com.
  17. News: April 6, 1983 . Money, Time Bar Race, Sen. Bumpers Says . 1 . Batesville Guard . Newspapers.com.
  18. News: April 21, 1983 . Sidelined Jerry Brown Assesses Political Arena For The '84 Race . C1 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Newspapers.com.
  19. News: June 18, 1983 . Harris . Art . Cranston Is First in Straw Vote Of Alabama Young Democrats . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215152119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/06/19/cranston-is-first-in-straw-vote-of-alabama-young-democrats/db5c80f1-9681-40b9-b99c-6f6246fb9c6e . February 15, 2024.
  20. News: June 12, 1983 . Raines . Howell . Cranston Beats Mondale In Wisconsin Democratic Straw Poll . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215152019/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/12/us/cranston-beats-mondale-in-wisconsin-democratic-straw-poll.html . February 15, 2024.
  21. News: June 19, 1983 . Around The Nation; Cranston Bests Hollings In Alabama Straw Poll . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215152117/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/19/us/around-the-nation-cranston-bests-hollings-in-alabama-straw-poll.html . February 15, 2024.
  22. News: October 1, 1983 . Broder . David . Mondale Captures Maine Straw Poll, AFL-CIO Backing . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170828105415/https://www.washingtonpost.com/web/20170828105415/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/10/02/mondale-captures-maine-straw-poll-afl-cio-backing/380be3d6-1d73-4cd9-b473-576450f4e7f6/ . August 28, 2017.
  23. Trying to Win the Peace. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930092516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926644,00.html . dead . September 30, 2007 . . 1984-07-02 . Evan Thomas .
  24. News: Candidates Facing First Major Test in Iowa Caucuses. The New York Times. 19 February 1984. Raines. Howell. 26 June 2019. 16 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230516001608/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/19/us/candidates-facing-first-major-test-in-iowa-caucuses.html. live.
  25. Web site: Caucus history: Past years' results. 2021-07-20. 2016-11-08. https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20161108193008/http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/caucus-history-past-years-results/. bot: unknown.
  26. News: Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark – 1984 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240216203947/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/jackson.htm . February 16, 2024.
  27. News: March 8, 1984 . Hart, Mondale Get 6 Delegates . 14 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215043540/https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/140981717 . February 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  28. News: March 1, 1984 . Hollings Withdraws From Democratic Race . 16 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215041101/https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/140980580 . February 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  29. News: March 2, 1984 . New Hampshire Reality Punctures 3 Candidates' White House Dreams . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215041925/https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/140981002 . February 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  30. News: April 18, 1984 . Playing for delegates . 12 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215103014/https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/140988578 . February 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  31. News: February 19, 1984 . Raines . Howell . Candidates Facing First Major Test In Iowa Caucuses . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230516001608/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/19/us/candidates-facing-first-major-test-in-iowa-caucuses.html . May 16, 2023.
  32. News: March 15, 1984 . Mondale's winning margin 3% . 23A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324202515/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal/144044421 . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  33. News: March 14, 1984 . Mondale wins Georgia; Hart takes 5 states . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324203248/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal/144045000 . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  34. News: March 16, 1984 . Uncommitted delegates are a major factor . 15A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324202259/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution/144044192 . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  35. News: April 1, 1984 . Uncommitted slate leads in Kentucky . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212124756/https://www.newspapers.com/article/sioux-city-journal/140785483 . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  36. News: April 4, 1984 . Polls show Jewish, union votes carry Mondale to victory . 9A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212125838/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140785718 . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  37. News: April 8, 1984 . Mondale trounces Hart in Wisconsin's caucuses . 9A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212130744/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140785917 . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  38. News: March 15, 1984 . Louisiana calls off primary, citing cost . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324204054/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution/144045684 . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  39. News: May 2, 1984 . Hart shut out in primaries . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212133440/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette/140786592 . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  40. Over the Top, Barely. https://web.archive.org/web/20071102203118/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951168,00.html. dead. November 2, 2007. Time. 1984-06-18. Ed Magnuson.
  41. A Big Bicoastal Finale. https://web.archive.org/web/20081212010036/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951132-1,00.html. dead. December 12, 2008. Time. 1984-06-04. George J. Church.
  42. Last Call, and Out Reeling. https://web.archive.org/web/20080421091601/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926535,00.html . dead . April 21, 2008 . . 1984-06-11 . Evan Thomas .
  43. News: June 13, 1984 . Thurmond nominated for 6th term in Senate . 3A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212141644/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140787889 . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  44. News: June 13, 1984 . Mondale wins endorsement by McGovern . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213055808/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140798479 . February 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  45. http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/conventions/chicago/facts/famous.speeches/mondale.84.shtml Mondale's Acceptance Speech, 1984
  46. Web site: Raines . Howell . Democrats Pursue Southern Support . The New York Times . October 20, 1983 . August 11, 2014 . September 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111012/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/20/us/democrats-pursue-southern-support.html . live .
  47. News: March 14, 1984 . Isle Caucus Avoids Choice . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321064912/https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin/143800885/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  48. News: March 7, 1984 . Lynn . Frank . Hart Scores Again In Vermont Vote . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217205758/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/07/us/hart-scores-again-in-vermont-vote.html . February 17, 2024.
  49. Web site: Democrats Choose Delegates . . January 24, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . February 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214214900/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/24/us/democrats-choose-delegates.html . live .
  50. News: Crowder . Ken . Gannaway . Glenn . March 27, 1984 . No winner in Lee, WIse caucuses . 15 . Kingsport Times-News . May 13, 2022 . September 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111010/https://www.newspapers.com/image/595621196/?terms=%22Rick%20Boucher%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22%20%22supporting%22&match=1 . live .
  51. News: March 10, 1984 . Roberti Endorses . 13 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214213037/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-napa-valley-register/140956246/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  52. Web site: Lynn . Frank . State Drawing Presidential Hopefuls State . . January 15, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092633/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/nyregion/state-drawing-presidential-hopefuls.html . live .
  53. Web site: Democrats Choose Delegates . . January 24, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . February 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214214900/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/24/us/democrats-choose-delegates.html . live .
  54. News: January 29, 1984 . Mondale says he's offering voters a 'real Democrat' . 24A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213173843/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette/140870962/ . February 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  55. News: March 14, 1984 . Isles' delegates mostly 'uncommitted' . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321065640/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-honolulu-advertiser/143800996/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  56. News: Moses . Charles T. . April 1, 1984 . Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power . 15 . Newsday (Suffolk Edition) . May 13, 2022 . Others closely tied to the Democratic Party structure, including Rep. Charles Rangel (D-Manhattan), national vice chairman for Walter Mondale's campaign and a powerful leader in the black community, have described Jackson's candidacy as one blacks cannot afford to endorse. . May 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155113/https://www.newspapers.com/image/721484503/?terms=%22Charles%20Rangel%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 . live .
  57. News: June 10, 1984 . Andrus urges female Demo running mate . 3 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240220005209/https://www.newspapers.com/article/south-idaho-press/141631060/ . February 20, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  58. News: March 10, 1984 . Hart, Mondale showdown today in state . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214212033/https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/140955442/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  59. News: June 3, 1984 . Primaries . 6A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240220005613/https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-gazette/141632909/ . February 20, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  60. Web site: Raines . Howell . Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn . The New York Times . January 29, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . February 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214221545/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/29/us/southern-primaries-could-spell-trouble-for-glenn.html . live .
  61. News: March 10, 1984 . Roberti Endorses . 13 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214212613/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-napa-valley-register/140955950/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  62. Web site: Smith . Hedrick . Experts Say The South Looks Blead For Glenn . The New York Times . February 25, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . February 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215840/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/25/us/experts-say-the-south-looks-blead-for-glenn.html . live .
  63. Web site: HOWELL RAINES . A Provocative Candidate . The New York Times . November 4, 1983 . August 11, 2014 . September 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111515/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/04/us/a-provocative-candidate.html . live .
  64. Web site: Boyd . Gerald M. . Alabama Blacks' Group Decides To Back Mondale-Jackson Ticket . The New York Times . December 11, 1983 . August 11, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092724/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/11/us/alabama-blacks-group-decides-to-back-mondale-jackson-ticket.html . live .
  65. Web site: Raines . Howell . MONDALE HAD GOOD '83 – NOW THE REAL TEST BEGINS . The New York Times . December 12, 1983 . August 11, 2014 . September 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111012/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/us/mondale-had-good-83-now-the-real-test-begins.html . live .
  66. News: February 5, 1984 . Many voters still undecided, 'soft' . 5A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213180452/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140872713/ . February 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  67. Web site: Gailey . Phil . Political Potholes Ahead For Traveling Democrats . Chicago (Ill) . The New York Times . December 5, 1983 . August 11, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092607/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/05/us/political-potholes-ahead-for-traveling-democrats.html . live .
  68. Web site: Campaign '84;NEWLN:Celebrity train runs out of steam before Democratic convention. 1 August 1984.
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  70. News: Rainie . Harrison . June 7, 1984 . Urge Hart to pack it in for unity . 34 . Daily News . May 13, 2022 . May 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155107/https://www.newspapers.com/image/488341730/?terms=%22Schumer%22%20%22Hart%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 . live .
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  72. News: Abramson . Rudy . Oates . May Louise . March 8, 1984 . Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues . 1 . . May 13, 2022 . May 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155115/https://www.newspapers.com/image/400555885/?terms=%22Henry%20Waxman%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Hart%22&match=1 . live .
  73. News: March 16, 1984 . Kerrey could go to convention officially 'unpledged' delegate . 6 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241114011453/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-grand-island-independent/159003875/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  74. News: March 17, 1984 . State political leaders split between Hart and Mondale . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241114012120/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news/159004318/ . November 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  75. News: April 25, 1984 . Vermont . 2 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217205940/https://www.newspapers.com/article/bennington-banner/141272760/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
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  78. Web site: Smothers . Ronald . Jackson Declares Formal Candidacy . The New York Times . November 4, 1983 . August 11, 2014.
  79. Web site: Smothers . Ronald . Democratic Candidates Welcome Jackson Bid For Nomination . The New York Times . November 1, 1983 . August 11, 2014.
  80. News: March 10, 1984 . Orval Faubus Supporting Jackson . 6 . The Charlotte Observer . May 13, 2022 . May 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155111/https://www.newspapers.com/image/622397738/?terms=%22Orval%20Faubus%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Jackson%22&match=1 . live .
  81. Web site: Smothers . Ronald . Jackson Attracts Crowds, But Planning Is Erratic . The New York Times . January 15, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092745/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/us/jackson-attracts-crowds-but-planning-is-erratic.html . live .
  82. News: January 14, 1984 . Qualifying ends for Democratic delegates . 6A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240219142408/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser/141536657/ . February 19, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  83. Web site: Ronald Smothers . Alabama Black Leaders Are Urging Pragmatism In Supporting Mondale . The New York Times . March 12, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092706/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/12/us/alabama-black-leaders-are-urging-pragmatism-in-supporting-mondale.html?pagewanted=2 . live .
  84. News: April 27, 1984 . Jackson Favored In D.C. Primary . 7A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217210813/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press/141284059/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  85. Web site: Boyd . Gerald M. . Black Churches A Mainspring Of Jackson'S Efforts . The New York Times . February 14, 1984 . August 11, 2014 . September 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112046/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/14/us/black-churches-a-mainspring-of-jackson-s-efforts.html . live .
  86. Web site: Raines . Howell . Jackson Gets Support, Apparently Without Poll Of The Group . The New York Times . December 2, 1983 . August 11, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092727/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/02/us/jackson-gets-support-apparently-without-poll-of-the-group.html . live .
  87. Web site: Barry Commoner Vows To Back Jesse Jackson. August 30, 1983. The New York Times. January 18, 2015. September 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112125/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/30/us/barry-commoner-vows-to-back-jesse-jackson.html. live.
  88. News: January 21, 1984 . Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale . 3A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214222100/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe/140959817/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  89. News: September 25, 1984 . Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale . 6 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214222501/https://www.newspapers.com/article/kingsport-times-news/140960150/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  90. News: January 29, 1984 . Raines . Howell . Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble for Glenn . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214221545/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/29/us/southern-primaries-could-spell-trouble-for-glenn.html . February 14, 2024.
  91. News: November 25, 1983 . Smith . Hedrick . Iowa Democrats Say Only Mondale's Margin Of Victory In Doubt . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215150722/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/25/us/iowa-democrats-sy-only-mondale-s-margin-of-victory-in-doubt.html . February 15, 2024.
  92. News: February 5, 1984 . Many voters still undecided, 'soft' . 5A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213180452/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140872713/ . February 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  93. News: December 9, 1983 . James Abourezk Supports McGovern . C1 . Argus-Leader . Newspapers.com.
  94. News: February 25, 1984 . Experts Say the South Loks Bleak for Glenn . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215840/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/25/us/experts-say-the-south-looks-blead-for-glenn.html . February 14, 2024.
  95. News: January 24, 1984 . Democrats Choose Delegates . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214214900/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/24/us/democrats-choose-delegates.html . February 14, 2024.
  96. News: February 7, 1984 . Askew Tells Mobile He 'Feels Good' About Race . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215611/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/07/us/askew-tells-mobile-he-feels-good-about-race.html . February 14, 2024.
  97. Web site: South Carolina Political Collections – University Libraries | University of South Carolina. sc.edu. 2023-07-04. 2024-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112048/https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/university_libraries/browse/sc_political_collections/index.php. live.
  98. News: Del. Pickett to Head Mondale's Va. Race . Tom Sherwood . . December 15, 1983 . July 4, 2023 . July 8, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180708104536/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/12/15/del-pickett-to-head-mondales-va-race/96d83ced-6c77-49b8-89e0-8f86f3526c66/ . live .
  99. Web site: Winchester Star Newspaper Archives February 10, 1984 Page 18. 10 February 1984. 4 July 2023. 25 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180525132920/https://newspaperarchive.com/winchester-star-feb-10-1984-p-18/. live.
  100. Web site: Anna Belle Clement O'Brien passes away at 86 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090906000558/https://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2009/9/1/annabelle_clement_obrien_passes_away_at_86 . 6 September 2009.
  101. News: March 10, 1984 . Roberti Endorses . 13 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214213037/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-napa-valley-register/140956246/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  102. News: April 21, 1983 . Sidelined Jerry Brown Assesses Political Arena For The '84 Race . C1 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Newspapers.com.
  103. News: February 15, 1984 . Mason City shows how campaigns stand . 4 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214014845/https://www.newspapers.com/article/globe-gazette/140907259/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  104. News: December 18, 1983 . Campaign Fund-Raisers Lift Art Of Arm-Twisting To A Science . 10A . Reno Gazette-Journal . Newspapers.com.
  105. News: February 23, 1984 . Singer Provides A Night Of Music To Cranston's Ear . 1 . Concord Monitor . Newspapers.com.
  106. News: December 2, 1983 . UFW May Picket Mondale Affair . A12 . Turlock Journal . Newspapers.com.
  107. News: June 14, 1984 . Majority Of Democrats Would Like Hart For Vice President . 20-A . The Tampa Tribune . Newspapers.com.
  108. News: May 27, 1984 . Hart Campaign Gets A Shot In The Arm . 9A . The Chapel Hill News . Newspapers.com.
  109. News: May 13, 1984 . Reagan Leads Mondale, Hart By Same Margin . 4A . Danville Register and Bee . Newspapers.com.
  110. News: May 27, 1984 . Hart Campaign Gets A Shot In The Arm . 9A . The Chapel Hill News . Newspapers.com.
  111. News: April 29, 1984 . Jackson Gains Approval, But Perhaps Not Enough, Poll Finds . 2A . Statesman Journal . Newspapers.com.
  112. News: April 19, 1984 . Mondale Has Lead But Hart Has Better Rating . 5A . The Chapel Hill News . Newspapers.com.
  113. News: March 19, 1984 . Mondale Moves Into Lead . 3 . The Lincoln Star . Newspapers.com.
  114. News: March 27, 1984 . Poll Shows Shifting Political Allegiances . A2 . Lexington Herald-Leader . Newspapers.com.
  115. News: March 25, 1984 . Mondale, Hart Race Rated As Standoff . 28A . Star Tribune . Newspapers.com.
  116. News: April 16, 1984 . Hart, Mondale Neck and Neck . 4 . The Californian . Newspapers.com.
  117. News: Hart, Mondale Even in National Poll. 9 Mar 1984. 10. The Pantagraph. 6 Sep 2023. subscription.
  118. News: March 27, 1984 . Poll Shows Shifting Political Allegiances . A2 . Lexington Herald-Leader . Newspapers.com.
  119. News: March 8, 1984 . Hart Leads Reagan, Gallup Poll Says . 3 . Rutland Daily Herald . Newspapers.com.
  120. News: March 6, 1984 . Latest Victories Pump Hart's Momentum . 1 . Anchorage Times . Newspapers.com.
  121. News: March 5, 1984 . Gallup Poll Says Hart, Mondale Neck and Neck . 4 . Rutland Daily Herald . Newspapers.com.
  122. News: February 28, 1984 . Jackson Says He Erred, Asks Voters To Forgive Him For 'Hymie' Remarks . 4A . The Charlotte Observer . Newspapers.com.
  123. News: February 18, 1984 . Mondale Still Leads Pack Of Hopefuls, Poll Shows . 1 . The Greenville News . Newspapers.com.
  124. Web site: US President - D Primaries (Polling) . OurCampaigns . 31 March 2020 . 7 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210207111714/https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55208&ShowAllMUPoll=Y . live .
  125. News: February 20, 1984 . Mondale Extends Margin Over Glenn . 12A . Florida Today . Newspapers.com.
  126. News: January 25, 1984 . REAGAN BACKED STRONGLY IN POLL . A12 . The New York Times . NYTIMES.com.
  127. News: January 23, 1984 . Mondale Gains As Glenn Slips . 6 . Chronicle Tribune . Newspapers.com.
  128. News: December 16, 1983 . Poll: Mondale Holds Big Lead . 12A . The Greenville News . Newspapers.com.
  129. News: July 7, 1983 . Mondale Takes Strong Lead In Democrat Presidential Race . A9 . The Oregonian . live . Newspapers.com.
  130. News: July 7, 1983 . Mondale Preferred Over Glenn . A-12 . The Cincinnati Enquirer . Newspapers.com.
  131. News: July 9, 1983 . Glenn At Top Of Poll That Pits Reagan Against Democrats . 1 . The News and Observer . Newspapers.com.
  132. News: July 7, 1983 . Poll Finds Glenn Leading Mondale . 1 . The Oregonian . Newspapers.com.
  133. News: July 4, 1983 . ...But Poll Shows Most Believe That He Should . 1 . Longview News-Journal . Newspapers.com.
  134. News: May 4, 1983 . Mondale Against Glenn: Who's On First . 23 . The Knoxville News-Sentinel . Newspapers.com.
  135. News: May 16, 1983 . Mondale Against Glenn: Who's On First . 14 . Florida Today . Newspapers.com.
  136. News: Gallup Poll Has Kennedy Leading Democrats. 16 May 1982. The New York Times. 23.
  137. News: Poll Finds Democrats Favor Mondale for '84. 15 Jan 1983. The New York Times. 11.
  138. News: February 12, 1984 . Campaign '84 Calendar . 5A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214062642/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140874074/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  139. News: March 5, 1984 . Hart carries momentum in Maine . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217054913/https://www.newspapers.com/article/argus-leader/141208187/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  140. News: March 6, 1984 . Quinn . Francis . Maine campaigners react to aftermath from caucuses . 10 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217054622/https://www.newspapers.com/article/kennebec-journal/141208143/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  141. News: March 7, 1984 . Vermont Lines Up With Hart . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215043204/https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/140981556/ . February 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  142. News: March 11, 1984 . Hart wins solid victory in Wyoming . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214210330/https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/140954194/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  143. News: March 11, 1984 . Hart supporters pleased with 'undebatable' win . A3 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214210639/https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/140954425/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  144. News: May 6, 1984 . Democrats give Hart 8-4 edge of delegates to national convention . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214210944/https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune/140954685/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  145. Web site: Election Results Archive - President - Primary Elections . . 2024-02-14 . 2023-05-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504144750/https://www.sos.alabama.gov/alabama-votes/voter/election-data . live .
  146. News: March 20, 1984 . Mondale increases delegate lead . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214071212/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-alexander-city-outlook/140921656/ . February 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  147. News: March 13, 1984 Presidential Preference Primary Democratic Primary . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322170537/https://results.elections.myflorida.com/Index.asp?ElectionDate=3/13/1984&DATAMODE= . March 22, 2024.
  148. News: March 15, 1984 . Delegate picture a puzzle . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322171741/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/143888024/ . March 22, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  149. News: March 15, 1984 . Hart, Mondale fight for Askew delegates . 17A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322172009/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/143888010/ . March 22, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  150. News: March 15, 1984 . A Look at the Delegate Count . A6 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324203600/https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-enquirer/144045309/ . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  151. News: March 14, 1984 . Super . 21A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324203725/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal/144045368/ . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  152. News: March 14, 1984 . Hawai'i votes 2-1 in favor of uncommitted . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321063253/https://www.newspapers.com/article/hawaii-tribune-herald/143800934/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  153. News: March 14, 1984 . The McGovern 13 are now up for grabs . 12 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324211709/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe/144048457/ . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  154. News: March 14, 1984 . Nevada (caucuses) . 5A . Fort Lauderdale News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326033800/https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-lauderdale-news/144145803/ . March 26, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  155. News: March 20, 1984 . Hart Won Caucuses In Oklahoma . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327193524/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/20/us/campaign-notes-hart-won-caucuses-oklahoma-with-43.3-oklahoma-city-march-19-ap.html . March 27, 2024.
  156. News: March 16, 1984 . Super Tuesday at a Glance . 7A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241114010821/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/159003302/ . November 14, 2024.
  157. News: March 15, 1984 . Alaska Democrats To Caucus Tonight . 3 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321060923/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-sitka-sentinel/143800630/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  158. News: March 16, 1984 . Hart Wins Alaska Caucus . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321060724/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-sitka-sentinel/143800595/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  159. News: March 18, 1984 . Results at a glance . 11A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324204452/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal/144044636/ . March 24, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  160. News: April 1, 1984 . Demo convention turnout is heavy . 1 . Okmulgee Daily Times . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327194628/https://www.newspapers.com/article/okmulgee-daily-times/144247694/ . March 27, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  161. News: April 1, 1984 . County Meetings Increase Hart's Oklahoma Lead . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327195030/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-oklahoman/144247978/ . March 27, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  162. News: April 6, 1984 . Democratic caucuses start again Saturday . 3A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212132137/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen/140786266/ . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  163. News: April 9, 1984 . Iowa's Democratic delegate count . 6A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212132005/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140786228/ . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  164. News: April 28, 1984 . 134 for Mondale . 9 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321132215/https://www.newspapers.com/article/pittsburgh-post-gazette/143807128/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  165. News: May 27, 1984 . Mondale expects state Democrat votes . A16 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321132457/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press/143807416/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  166. News: April 15, 1984 . Hart Captures Lead in State . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327195333/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-oklahoman/144248584/ . March 27, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  167. News: April 16, 1984 . Chambers To Head Delegates . 2 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215094601/https://www.newspapers.com/article/valley-news/140988116/ . February 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  168. News: May 24, 1984 . Hart . 8 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217204217/https://www.newspapers.com/article/rutland-daily-herald/141279437/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  169. News: April 23, 1984 . Nevada County Conventions . A2 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326035258/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/144146919/ . March 26, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  170. News: May 6, 1984 . Iowa's Democratic delegate count . 1B . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212134432/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register/140786874/ . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  171. News: May 7, 1984 . Rawson . Davis . Hart emerges from convention with margin of 1 delegate . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217055324/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bangor-daily-news/141208743/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  172. News: May 6, 1984 . Hart Increases Delegate Lead in State . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327200039/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-oklahoman/144249064/ . March 27, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  173. News: May 7, 1984 . Hart wins in Nevada . 1A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326034741/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-press-democrat/144146725/ . March 26, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  174. News: May 14, 1984 . Mondale Gains Most From Alaska Demos . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321061855/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-sitka-sentinel/143800761/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  175. News: May 27, 1984 . Isle Democrats tilt toward Mondale . A3 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321064502/https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin/143801151/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  176. News: May 27, 1984 . Hart Splits Delegates With Foes . 1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217205400/https://www.newspapers.com/article/rutland-daily-herald/141281356/ . February 17, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  177. News: June 3, 1984 . Mondale camp wins dispute, Pa. delegates . 6C . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321132935/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer/143807673/ . March 21, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  178. News: June 7, 1984 . Mondale to garner 102 N.J. delegates . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241114015046/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news/159006176/ . November 14, 2024.
  179. News: June 25, 1984 . State Democrats name delegates . 2 . Lead Daily Call . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241114014224/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lead-daily-call/159005554/ . November 14, 2024.
  180. News: June 7, 1984 . Politics . A20 . . live . February 20, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004803/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer/141631678/ . Newspapers.com.
  181. News: June 10, 1984 . Mondale appears winner of more Iowa delegates . A1 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212234512/https://www.newspapers.com/article/sioux-city-journal/140803590/ . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  182. News: June 11, 1984 . Deadlock delays vote . 3A . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212171556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette/140787680/ . February 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  183. News: June 17, 1984 . N.J. Gives More Votes To Mondale . A14 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241114015345/https://www.newspapers.com/article/press-of-atlantic-city/159006315/ . November 14, 2024.
  184. Trying to Win the Peace . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930092516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926644,00.html . dead . September 30, 2007 . Time . July 2, 1984 . May 1, 2010.

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