Democratic National Committee Explained

Democratic National Committee
Key People:	Jaime Harrison (chair) Chris Korge (finance chair) Jason Rae (secretary)
Affiliations:	Democratic Party
Location City:	430 South Capitol Street SE, Washington, D.C.
Location Country:	U.S.
Coordinates:	38.8841°N -77.0086°W

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal committee of the United States Democratic Party. The committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand".^[1] It organizes the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials.^[2] When a Democrat is president, the White House controls the Committee. According to Boris Heersink, "political scientists have traditionally described the parties’ national committees as inconsequential but impartial service providers."^{[3] [4]}

Its chair is elected by the committee. It conducts fundraising to support its activities.

The DNC was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention.^{[5] [6]} The DNC's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee.

Role and organization

The DNC is responsible for articulating and promoting the Democratic platform and coordinating party organizational activity. The DNC is more focused on campaign and organizational strategy than public policy. When the president is a Democrat, the party generally works closely with the president. In presidential elections, it supervises the national convention and, both independently and in coordination with the presidential candidate, raises funds, commissions polls, and coordinates campaign strategy. Following the selection of a party nominee, the public funding laws permit the national party to coordinate certain expenditures with the nominee, but additional funds are spent on general, party-building activities.^[7] There are state committees in every state, as well as local committees in most cities, wards, and towns (and, in most states, counties).

The chairperson of the DNC is elected by vote of members of the Democratic National Committee.^[8] The Executive Committee of roughly 65 members determined by the DNC is responsible for the affairs of the party, subject to the DNC.^[9] The DNC is composed of the chairs and vice-chairs of each state Democratic Party's central committee, two hundred members apportioned among the states based on population and generally elected either on the ballot by primary voters or by the state Democratic Party committee, a number of elected officials serving in an ex officio capacity, and a variety of representatives of major Democratic Party constituencies.

The DNC establishes rules for the caucuses and primaries which choose delegates to the Democratic National Convention, but the caucuses and primaries themselves are most often run not by the DNC but instead by each individual state. Primary elections, in particular, are conducted by state governments according to their own laws. Political parties can choose whether to participate and accept the results of a state's primary election.^[10]

All DNC members are superdelegates to the Democratic National Convention, and their role can affect the outcome over a close primary race only if no candidate receives a majority of pledged delegates.^[11] These delegates, officially described as "unpledged party leader and elected official delegates," fall into three categories based on other positions they hold:^[12]

• elected members of the Democratic National Committee,
• sitting Democratic governors and members of Congress, and
• distinguished party leaders, consisting of current and former presidents, vice presidents, congressional leaders, and DNC chairs, are all superdelegates for life.

Current leadership

In 2021, Jaime Harrison was selected by President Joe Biden to Chair the Democratic National Committee, and his nomination was approved by its members.^[13]

• Chair: Jaime Harrison, former Chairman of the South Carolina Democratic Party^[14]
• Executive Director: Sam Cornale, former Chief of Staff of the Democratic National Committee^[15]
• Deputy Executive Director: Roger Lau, former Campaign Manager for Elizabeth Warren for President^[16]
• Political Director: Alana Mounce, former Executive Director of the Nevada State Democratic Party
• Chief of Staff: Anatole Jenkins, former National Organizing Director for Kamala Harris For The People
• Vice Chairs:
  • Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of Michigan
  • Tammy Duckworth, U.S. Senator from Illinois
  • Ken Martin, Chair of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party
  • Vice Chair of Civic Engagement and Voter Participation: Keisha Lance Bottoms (former Senior Advisor to President Joe Biden & former Mayor of Atlanta)
  • Vice Chair for Campaign & Elections: Christine Pelosi (daughter of House Speaker Emerita & former House Speaker)
• Treasurer: Virginia McGregor
• Secretary: Jason Rae^[17]
• Finance Chair: Chris Korge^[18]

In addition, a National Advisory Board exists for purposes of fundraising and advising the executive. The present chair is Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, U.S. Ambassador to Brazil.

Chairs of the Democratic National Committee

List of Democratic National Committee chairs

Officeholder		Term	State^[19]
		1848–1852	Massachusetts
		1852–1856	Maryland
		1856–1860	Vermont
		1860–1872	New York
		1872–1876	New York
		1876–1877	New York
		1877–1889	Connecticut
		1889–1892	Ohio
		1892–1896	Pennsylvania
		1896–1904	Arkansas
		1904–1908	Indiana
		1908–1912	New York
		1912–1916	New York
		1916–1919	Pennsylvania
		1919–1920	Connecticut
		1920–1921	Ohio
		1921–1924	Tennessee
		1924–1928	West Virginia
		1928–1932	New York
		1932–1940	New York
		1940–1943	New York
		1943–1944	Pennsylvania
		1944–1947	Missouri
		1947–1949	Rhode Island
		1949–1951	Missouri
		1951–1952	Indiana
		1952–1955	Illinois
		1955–1960	Indiana
		1960–1961	Washington
		1961–1968	Connecticut
		1968–1969	Massachusetts
		1969–1970	Oklahoma
		1970–1972	Massachusetts
		1972	Utah
		1972–1977	Texas
		1977–1978	Maine
		1978–1981	Texas
		1981–1985	California
		1985–1989	Massachusetts
		1989–1993	New York
		1993–1994	Ohio
		1994–1995	Massachusetts
		1995–1997	Connecticut
			South Carolina
		1997–1999	Colorado
			Massachusetts
		1999–2001	Pennsylvania
			Indiana
		2001–2005	Virginia
		2005–2009	Vermont
		2009–2011	Virginia
		2011	Louisiana
		2011–2016	Florida
		2016–2017	Louisiana
		2017–2021	Maryland
	Jaime Harrison	2021–present	South Carolina
Source:^[20]

Deputy Chairs

The Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee was re-established by Tom Perez in February 2017 after his win in the 2017 DNC Chair race.

After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison, Perez appointed Ellison as Deputy Chair in an attempt to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders.^[21] Perez was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing, while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing.^[22] The role's revival in 2017 has been described by critics as largely titular and ceremonial.^[23]

On November 8, 2018, Ellison resigned from the position due to his win in the Minnesota Attorney General election.^[24] The position remains unoccupied.

Officeholder		width=150	Term	width=125	State
	Evan Dobelle^[25] ^[26]	1980–1981	Massachusetts
	Alexis Herman^[27]	1989–1992	Alabama
	Ben Johnson^[28] ^[29]	2003–2005	Maryland
	Mike Honda	2003–2005	California
	Susan Turnbull	2003–2005	Maryland
	Keith Ellison	2017–2018^[30]	Minnesota

Treasurers of the Democratic National Committee

List of Democratic National Committee Treasurers

Officeholder		Term	State
	^[31] ^[32]	1875–1892	New York
	^[33] ^[34]	1892–1896	New York
	^[35] ^[36]	1896–1897	New York
	^[37] ^[38]	1897–1900	District of Columbia
	^[39]	1900–1904	Illinois
	^[40] ^[41]	1904–1906	New York
	^[42] ^[43]	1906–1908
		1908	Indiana
	^[44] ^[45]	1908	Oklahoma
	^[46]	1908–1912	New York
	^[47] ^[48]	1912–1916	Missouri
	^[49] ^[50]	1916–1924	Iowa
	^[51] ^[52]	1924–1932	New York
	^[53] ^[54]	1932–1934	New York
	^[55] ^[56]	1934–1936	Illinois
		1936–1937	New Hampshire
	^[57] ^[58]	1937–1941	District of Columbia
	^[59]	1941–1942	North Carolina
	^[60] ^[61]	1942–1945	California
	^[62] ^[63]	1945–1947	California
	^[64] ^[65]	1948–1949	North Carolina
	(acting)^[66] ^[67]	1949–1950	Washington
	^[68]	1950–1951	Missouri
	^[69] ^[70]	1951–1952	Oklahoma
	Dwight R. G. Palmer^[71] ^[72]	1952–1953	New York
	^[73] ^[74]	1953–1955	Virginia
	^[75] ^[76]	1955–1962	Pennsylvania
	^[77] ^[78]	1962–1965	Indiana
	(acting)^[79]	1965–1966	District of Columbia
	(acting)^[80] ^[81]	1966–1968	Oklahoma
	(acting)^[82] ^[83]	1968–1969	Minnesota
	(acting)^[84]	1969–1970	Minnesota
	^[85]	1970–1972	Texas
	^[86] ^[87]	1972
	^[88]	1972	New York
	^[89] ^[90]	1973–1974	New York
	^[91]	1974–1977	District of Columbia
	^[92] ^[93]	1977–1978	North Carolina
	^[94] ^[95]	1978–1979	Massachusetts
	^[96] ^[97]	1979–1981	Connecticut
	^[98]	1981–1983	Missouri
	^[99] ^[100]	1983–1985	Massachusetts
	^[101]	1985–1989	District of Columbia
	^[102] ^[103]	1989–1991
	^[104] ^[105]	1991–1995	California
	R. Scott Pastrick^[106]	1995–1997	Maryland
	^[107] ^[108]	1997–1999
		1999–2017
	^[109] ^[110]	2017–2021	California
	^[111]	2021–present	Virginia

History

The DNC has existed since 1848.^[112] During the 1848 Democratic National Convention, a resolution was passed creating the Democratic National Committee, composed of thirty members, one person per state, chosen by the states' delegations, and chaired by Benjamin F. Hallett.^[113]

In order to strengthen the national party organization, Franklin Roosevelt proposed in 1925 that the DNC should open a permanent headquarters in order to function "every day in every year" and exist on a "business-like financial basis." In 1929, John Raskob led the creation of the first permanent national headquarters for the DNC in Washington, DC.^[114]

Watergate

See main article: Watergate scandal. In the 1970s, the DNC had its head office, located in the Watergate complex at the time, burglarized by entities working for Richard Nixon's administration during the Watergate scandal.

Chinagate

See main article: 1996 United States campaign finance controversy. Chinagate was an alleged effort by the People's Republic of China to influence domestic American politics prior to and during the Clinton administration.^[115] In 2002, the Federal Election Commission fined the Democratic National Committee $115,000 for its part in fundraising violations in 1996.^[116]

Cyber attacks

See main article: Democratic National Committee cyber attacks. Cyber attacks and hacks were claimed by or attributed to various individual and groups such as:

• According to committee officials and security experts, two competing Russian intelligence services were discovered on DNC computer networks. One intelligence service achieved infiltration beginning in the summer of 2015 and the other service breached and roamed the network beginning in April 2016. The two groups accessed emails, chats, and research on an opposing presidential candidate. They were expelled from the DNC system in June 2016.^{[117] [118] [119]}
• The hacker Guccifer 2.0 claimed that he hacked into the Democratic National Committee computer network and then leaked its emails to the newspaper The Hill.^{[120] [121]} During a CNN interview with Jake Tapper, Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, Robby Mook, cited experts saying that the DNC emails were leaked by the Russians but did not name the experts.^{[122] [123]} The press and cybersecurity firms discredited the Guccifer 2.0 claim, as investigators now believe Guccifer 2.0 was an agent of the G.R.U., Russia's military intelligence service.^{[124] [125]}

2016 email leak

See main article: 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak.

See also: Wilding v. DNC Services Corp.. On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released approximately 20,000 DNC emails.^[126] Critics claimed that the Committee unequally favored Hillary Clinton and acted in support of her nomination while opposing the candidacy of her primary challenger Bernie Sanders. Donna Brazile corroborated these allegations in an excerpt of her book published by Politico in November 2017.^[127] The leaked emails spanned sixteen months, terminating in May 2016.^[128]

The WikiLeaks releases led to the resignations of Chairperson Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Communications Director Luis Miranda, Chief Financial Officer Brad Marshall and Chief Executive Amy Dacey.^[129] After she resigned, Wasserman Schultz put out a statement about possible FBI assistance in investigating the hacking and leaks, saying that "the DNC was never contacted by the FBI or any other agency concerned about these intrusions."^[130] During a Senate hearing in January 2017, James Comey testified that the FBI requested access to the DNC's servers, but its request was denied. He also testified that old versions of the Republican National Committee's servers were breached, but then-current databases were unaffected.^[131]

The DNC subsequently filed a lawsuit in federal court against WikiLeaks and others alleging a conspiracy to influence the election.^[132]

See also

• Green National Committee
• Libertarian National Committee
• Republican National Committee
• Information published by WikiLeaks

Further reading

• Cotter, Cornelius P., and Bernard C. Hennessy, eds. Politics without Power: The National Party Committees (1964)
• Galvin, Daniel J. “ The Transformation of Political Institutions: Investments in Institutional Resources and Gradual Change in the National Party Committees,” Studies in American Political Development 26.1 (April 2012): 50–70; . .
• Goldman, Ralph M. The National party Chairmen and Committees: Factionalism at the Top (M.E. Sharpe, 1990)
• Heersink, Boris (2023). National Party Organizations and Party Brands in American Politics: The Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1912-2016. Oxford University Press. . .
• Heersink, Boris. "Examining Democratic and Republican National Committee Party Branding Activity, 1953–2012." Perspectives on Politics (2021): 1–18. .
• Heersink, Boris. "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential control of national party organizations." Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474–1482. .
• Heersink, Boris. "Party Brands and the Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1952–1976." Studies in American Political Development 32.1 (2018): 79–102. .
• Hejny, Jessica, and Adam Hilton. "Bringing contention in: a critical perspective on political parties as institutions." Studies in Political Economy 102.2 (2021): 161–181. .
• Herrnson, Paul S. “The Evolution of National Party Organizations,” in The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups, edited by Louis Sandy Maisel and Jeffrey M. Berry. (Oxford University Press, 2010) pp. 245–264. . .
• Klinkner, Philip A. The Losing Parties: Out-Party National Committees, 1956-1993 (Yale University Press, 1994)
• Pavlov, Eugene, and Natalie Mizik. "Brand Political Positioning: Implications of the 2016 US Presidential Election." (2020) .

External links

• • The Charter & The Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States (PDF) as amended by the DNC; August 25, 2018
• Democratic National Committee – 2016 (members)

Notes and References

1. Heersink. Boris. 2021. Examining Democratic and Republican National Committee Party Branding Activity, 1953–2012. Perspectives on Politics. 21 . en. 142–159. 10.1017/S1537592721000025. 233646493. 1537-5927. March 23, 2021. March 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210324143844/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/examining-democratic-and-republican-national-committee-party-branding-activity-19532012/802134F756C75CD7492A37072A2E50D6. live.
2. Web site: Democrats.org. DNC. January 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617155424/https://www.democrats.org/organization/the-democratic-national-committee. June 17, 2017. dead.
3. Boris Heersink, "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential control of national party organizations." Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474-1482.
4. Cornelius P. Cotter and Bernard C. Hennessy, eds. Politics without Power: The National Party Committees (2009) excerpt
5. http://www.democrats.org/a/party/history.html Party History
6. News: Proceedings of The Democratic National Convention. Fifth Day . Daily Constitutionalist . . May 31, 1848 . . 2–3 . III . 120 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131004030/https://www.newspapers.com/image/604755066/ . live .
7. Web site: Public Funding of Presidential Elections . . February 2005 . October 29, 2006 . February 22, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060222110433/http://www.cfinst.org/pr/111005.html#General . live .
8. Web site: DNC 2018 Charter . February 25, 2019 . December 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211218185206/https://democrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DNC-Charter-Bylaws-8.25.18-with-Amendments.pdf . dead .
9. News: Sweet . Lynn . Democratic party leaders meet in Chicago this week for pre-convention talks . July 28, 2024 . Chicago Sun-Times . April 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240415235319/https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2024/04/15/democratic-national-convention-chicago-united-center-leaders-meet . April 15, 2024.
10. Web site: DNC blasts NH Dems over 'meaningless' primary. Politico. Kashinsky, Lisa. January 6, 2024. January 6, 2024. January 6, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240106200829/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/01/06/dnc-nh-primary-00134174. live.
11. Web site: Democrats strip superdelegates of power and reform caucuses in 'historic' move. . August 25, 2018. March 4, 2023. August 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180825183958/https://www.nbcnews.com/web/20180825183958//storyline/democrats-vs-trump/democrats-strip-super-delegates-power-reform-caucuses-historic-move-n903866. bot: unknown.
12. Web site: Delegate Selection Materials For the 2016 Democratic National Convention. December 15, 2014. May 19, 2016. June 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160605132558/http://www.demrulz.org/wp-content/files/12.15.14_2016_Delegate_Selection_Documents_Mailing_-_Rules_Call_Regs_Model_Plan_Checklist_12.15.14.pdf. live.
13. Web site: Merica . Dan . 2021-01-21 . Jaime Harrison officially elected Democratic National Committee chair CNN Politics . 2023-12-22 . CNN . en.
14. Web site: Leadership. 2021-01-24. Democrats. en. January 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210124130325/https://democrats.org/who-we-are/leadership-2-2/. live.
15. Web site: Cornale tapped for DNC executive director. 2021-04-06. Politico. en. March 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210331130438/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/21/cornale-democratic-national-committee-461157. live.
16. Web site: Brittany. Bowker. February 24, 2021. DNC announces several new hires, including Roger Lau, a former Elizabeth Warren staffer. 2021-04-06. BostonGlobe.com. en-US. April 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210417104249/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/24/nation/dnc-announces-several-new-hires-including-roger-lau-former-elizabeth-warren-staffer/. live.
17. News: Democratic Party on Twitter. Twitter. 2017-02-26. en. November 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191120164851/https://twitter.com/DNC/status/835647480574390273. live.
18. Web site: Democratic National Committee. January 22, 2013. Democratic National Committee Elects New Officers at Meeting in Washington Today. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130202162802/http://www.democrats.org/news/press/democratic_national_committee_elects_new_officers_at_meeting_in_washington. February 2, 2013. January 25, 2013. Democrats.org.
19. Web site: Lawrence Kestenbaum . A Database of Historic Cemeteries . The Political Graveyard web site . December 29, 2010 . December 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201206110200/http://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html . live .
20. Web site: Schemmel . B. . Political parties . United States Government departments and offices, etc. . Rulers . July 17, 2006 . May 10, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170510171416/http://rulers.org/usgovt.html#parties . live .
21. News: Bradner. Eric. Perez wins DNC chairmanship. February 26, 2017. CNN. August 24, 2019. June 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180612174248/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/25/politics/dnc-chair-election/. live.
22. Web site: The Case for Tom Perez Makes No Sense. Chang, Clio. February 23, 2017. March 12, 2017. The New Republic. August 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170807193445/https://newrepublic.com/article/140847/case-tom-perez-makes-no-sense. live.
23. Web site: Tom Perez Elected to Head DNC, Edging Out Keith Ellison. Evans, Lauren. February 25, 2017. March 12, 2017. Jezebel. March 13, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170313131420/http://theslot.jezebel.com/thank-you-ida-b-wells-taught-us-and-we-walked-straigh-1792750809. live.
24. Web site: Keith Ellison resigns from DNC post. Lim. Naomi. 2018-11-09. Washington Examiner. en. 2019-08-24. July 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729193916/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/keith-ellison-resigns-from-dnc-post. live.
25. News: Dobelle gets party promotion . . June 19, 1980 . 13 . 137 . 243 . . January 21, 2023 . January 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230121083428/https://www.newspapers.com/image/544896282/ . live .
26. News: Dobelle says Prop. 2½ not being properly applied . . April 7, 1981 . 15 . 89 . 273 . . January 21, 2023 . January 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230121083428/https://www.newspapers.com/image/532934874/ . live .
27. News: Alexis Herman's Background . . March 17, 1997 . 5A . 170 . 76 . Final . . January 18, 2023 . January 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230118172037/https://www.newspapers.com/image/261197372/ . live .
28. Web site: Ben Johnson The HistoryMakers. The History Makers. 2017-03-20. March 21, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170321082908/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/ben-johnson. dead.
29. News: Former South Bend man named national Demo party official . . August 8, 2003 . Wensits . James . D1 . 131 . 153 . Local . . January 25, 2023 . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125002635/https://www.newspapers.com/image/511560923/ . live .
30. News: DNC's second in command steps down after winning attorney general race in Minnesota. USA Today. en. 2018-12-14. December 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181215025123/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/08/dnc-leader-keith-ellison-steps-down-after-winning-minnesota-election/1936487002/. live.
31. News: The New Assistant United States Treasurer . The National Republican . . January 21, 1886 . 1 . XXVI . 47 . . January 29, 2023 . January 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129015325/https://www.newspapers.com/image/71033271/ . live .
32. News: The War on Tammany . . February 6, 1894 . 2 . XXVII . 99 . . January 29, 2023 . January 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129043313/https://www.newspapers.com/image/842408376/ . live .
33. News: Harrity Made Chairman . . July 22, 1892 . 1 . XLI . 12764 . January 28, 2023 . January 28, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230128015218/https://www.nytimes.com/1892/07/22/archives/harrity-made-chairman-placed-at-the-head-of-the-democratic.html . live .
34. News: Find Him Invincible . . May 23, 1896 . 6 . XXV . 60 . . January 29, 2023 . January 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129051007/https://www.newspapers.com/image/33852013/ . live .
35. News: St. John Is Treasurer . . July 26, 1896 . 3 . 135 . 26 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126082123/https://www.newspapers.com/image/168243219/ . live .
36. News: Banker St. John Dead . The Cheney Sentinel . Cheney, Kansas . February 18, 1897 . 1 . III . 52 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126082123/https://www.newspapers.com/image/76440214/ . live .
37. News: Useful Life Ended . . March 5, 1910 . 1, 5 . 18058 . . January 30, 2023 . January 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130192607/https://www.newspapers.com/image/330874945/ . live .
38. News: New Democratic Treasurer . . April 8, 1900 . 2 . XLIX . 15677 . January 30, 2023 . January 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130080508/https://www.nytimes.com/1900/04/08/archives/new-democratic-treasurer-millard-f-dunlap-to-act-for-the-national.html . live .
39. News: The Drift of Politics . . May 14, 1904 . 4 . LIV . 135 . . January 30, 2023 . January 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130205432/https://www.newspapers.com/image/167669954/ . live .
40. News: Gorman Will Advise . . August 4, 1904 . 10 . CXXXV . 80 . . January 24, 2023 . January 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123061815/https://www.newspapers.com/image/372306622/ . live .
41. News: George Foster Peabody Retires From Business . . May 27, 1906 . . 1 . . January 24, 2023 . January 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123061808/https://www.newspapers.com/image/825317428/ . live .
42. News: Beginning of Inquiry . . March 12, 1906 . 11 . 16605 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124031817/https://www.newspapers.com/image/146325129/ . live .
43. News: Compliments for O'Brien . . January 19, 1908 . 6 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124031817/https://www.newspapers.com/image/767451854/ . live .
44. News: Mack Is The Choice . . July 26, 1908 . 1 . 173 . 17471 . . February 2, 2023 . February 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202045341/https://www.newspapers.com/image/330863312/ . live .
45. News: Ridder Is New Man . . September 27, 1908 . 1 . 39 . . February 2, 2023 . February 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202045338/https://www.newspapers.com/image/334831908/ . live .
46. News: Likely to Name Crane . . August 5, 1912 . 1 . CLI . 81 . . February 2, 2023 . February 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202204835/https://www.newspapers.com/image/373094988/ . live .
47. News: Wilson WIll Hear Officially of His Nomination Today . . August 7, 1912 . . 1 . 41 . 220 . . February 2, 2023 . February 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202204834/https://www.newspapers.com/image/681049741/ . live .
48. News: Working Quorum on Job . . June 2, 1916 . 10 . LXII . 11 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124041459/https://www.newspapers.com/image/63407098/ . live .
49. News: Carter Glass . The Evening Independent . Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin . June 18, 1916 . 1 . 1 . 99 . . January 24, 2023 . January 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123084952/https://www.newspapers.com/image/417066115/ . live .
50. News: G.O.P. Victory Cost $400,000 . . April 7, 1924 . 1 . 40 . 19355 . . January 24, 2023 . January 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123084946/https://www.newspapers.com/image/135873449/ . live .
51. News: Borah Plans for Campaign Probe Until Election . . October 21, 1924 . 1 . CXX . 113 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124090808/https://www.newspapers.com/image/650837391/ . live .
52. News: Nominee Lauds Raskob . . July 3, 1932 . . Stephenson . Francis M. . 1 . LXIII . 202 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124185911/https://www.newspapers.com/image/604416914/ . live .
53. News: F. C. Walker Named as Aide to Farley . . August 1, 1932 . 6 . LXXXI . 27218 . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124200156/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/08/01/archives/fc-walker-named-as-aide-to-farley-theatre-lawyer-here-former.html . live .
54. News: 2 Quit Party Jobs as Roosevelt Hits Lobby Practices . . January 18, 1934 . 1 . LXXXIII . 27753 . Late City . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124200155/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/01/18/archives/2-quit-party-jobs-as-roosevelt-hits-lobby-practices-frank-c-walker.html . live .
55. News: Cohen Declines Democratic Post . . March 15, 1934 . 4 . LXXXIII . 27809 . Late City . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124203854/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/03/15/archives/cohen-declines-democratic-post-wj-cummings-of-chicago-is-then.html . live .
56. News: Morgan's Death Shocks Ex-aides . . April 21, 1937 . . 24 . CXIV . 9 . Inter-Urban . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124203854/https://www.newspapers.com/image/839988169/ . live .
57. News: State Democrats Gather in Spokane to Greet Jim Farley . . October 16, 1937 . 20 . 55 . 154 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124210332/https://www.newspapers.com/image/568954549/ . live .
58. News: Democrats Shift Committee Posts . . January 5, 1941 . . 30 . XC . 30297 . Late City . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124210332/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/01/05/archives/democrats-shift-committee-posts-quayle-made-general-manager-of.html . live .
59. News: Town Chatter . . October 4, 1942 . Childress . Lilian . 11 . 73 . 15155 . . February 3, 2023 . February 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230203193313/https://www.newspapers.com/image/585005272/ . live .
60. News: Roosevelt Seen Abandoning Plan to Shift Cabinet . . December 5, 1942 . . 4 . 73 . 290 . Market Extra . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124212657/https://www.newspapers.com/image/535556697/ . live .
61. News: Truman Removes Lubin; Pauley Reparation Head . . . April 28, 1945 . 5 . 26 . 264 . Final . . January 25, 2023 . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125000332/https://www.newspapers.com/image/443708257/ . live .
62. News: George Killion Named Treasurer for Democrats . . May 4, 1945 . 19 . LXXII . 337 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124235041/https://www.newspapers.com/image/220898107/ . live .
63. News: Killion Made Head of President Lines . . August 13, 1947 . 47 . XCVI . 32708 . Late City . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124235042/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/08/13/archives/killion-made-head-of-president-lines-successor-to-dr-grady-w-resign.html . live .
64. News: Two Named to Committee Posts . . July 1, 1948 . 7-F . 50 . 1 . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124221633/https://www.newspapers.com/image/552778873/ . live .
65. News: Truman, Party Chiefs Mourn Blythe Death . . January 24, 1949 . 5-A . Final . . January 24, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124221633/https://www.newspapers.com/image/621663634/ . live .
66. News: Woman Succeeds Joe Blythe . . January 28, 1949 . . 4 . XCVIII . 33242 . Late City . January 25, 2023 . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125013107/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/01/28/archives/woman-succeeds-joe-blythe.html . live .
67. News: Salomon Named as Treasurer by Democrats . . August 8, 1950 . 1 . 76 . 68 . . January 25, 2023 . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125013110/https://www.newspapers.com/image/573898528/ . live .
68. News: Treasurer Quits Democrats . . October 17, 1951 . 1, 27 . CI . 34234 . Late City . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126004215/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/10/17/archives/treasurer-quits-democratic-post-salomon-resigns-to-let-boyle.html . live .
69. News: Oklahoman Is Named Democratic Treasurer . . December 14, 1951 . 22 . CI . 34292 . Late City . January 26, 2023 . March 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331111007/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/12/14/archives/oklahoman-is-named-democratic-treasurer.html . live .
70. News: Roy Turner Resigns As Treasurer Of Democratic Party . . . January 24, 1952 . 7 . 122 . 20 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126012427/https://www.newspapers.com/image/249464668/ . live .
71. News: Democrats Solicit Funds . . . September 4, 1952 . Fleming . Dewey L. . Dewey L. Fleming . 8 . 231 . 94 . Final . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126013931/https://www.newspapers.com/image/370200697/ . live .
72. News: Palmer Quits Post As Democrat Treasurer . . . May 26, 1953 . A-6 . 101 . 146 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126013933/https://www.newspapers.com/image/869792623/ . live .
73. News: Democrats Name Ex-Diplomat As Party Treasurer . . . December 13, 1953 . 12-A . 26 . 30 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126015916/https://www.newspapers.com/image/824722982/ . live .
74. News: Contractor Proposed as Demo Treasurer . . January 18, 1955 . 2 . 72 . 239 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126015915/https://www.newspapers.com/image/568621771/ . live .
75. News: M'Closkey Democrats' Treasurer . Pittston Gazette . . January 20, 1955 . 1 . 105 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126024757/https://www.newspapers.com/image/79126801/ . live .
76. News: Democrat's Treasurer Resigns After 7 Years . . April 6, 1962 . . 23 . CXI . 38058 . Late City . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126024757/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/04/06/archives/democrats-treasurer-resigns-after-7-years.html . live .
77. News: Allen-Scott Report; Internal Feuding Complicates Election Battles of Demo National Committee . . August 30, 1962 . Allen . Robert S. . Robert S. Allen . Scott . Paul . 4 . LXX . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126032142/https://www.newspapers.com/image/829793990/ . live .
78. News: Democrats Trimming Party Staff . . December 21, 1965 . McArtney . James . 3-B . 87 . 214 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126032149/https://www.newspapers.com/image/254534262/ . live .
79. News: The deals that fatcats try to make . Medina County Gazette Leader Post . . September 9, 1966 . Bartlett . Charles . 4 . 134 . 212 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126191835/https://www.newspapers.com/image/55864316/ . live .
80. News: Demo Treasurer To Speak at Workshop . . August 10, 1967 . IDPA . 4 . 90 . 212 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126233422/https://www.newspapers.com/image/549302650/ . live .
81. News: LBJ File Still in Can . . September 8, 1968 . Evans . Rowland . Rowland Evans . Novak . Robert . Robert Novak . 9–A . 19 . 52 . . January 26, 2023 . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126233423/https://www.newspapers.com/image/254798855/ . live .
82. News: Humphries rests up for battle . Tulare Advance-Register . . August 31, 1968 . . Gerstel . Steve . 2 . 86 . 218 . . January 30, 2023 . January 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130234602/https://www.newspapers.com/image/514714587/ . live .
83. News: Treasurer Quits $6-Million-in-Red Democrats . . March 13, 1969 . . Broder . David S. . David S. Broder . 18 . 195 . 72 . Morning . . January 30, 2023 . January 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130234554/https://www.newspapers.com/image/434628722/ . live .
84. News: O'Brien Unanimous Democrat Choice . The Cunberland News . . March 6, 1970 . . 1 . 33 . 125 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131021630/https://www.newspapers.com/image/18653021/ . live .
85. News: Strauss to Quit Job As Demo Treasurer . . June 29, 1972 . . 8 . 82 . 155 . City Final . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131023725/https://www.newspapers.com/image/310894183/ . live .
86. News: Dem Staff To Move In With McGovern . . July 26, 1972 . Knap . Ted . Ted Knap . 13 . 89 . 33 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131071448/https://www.newspapers.com/image/149450203/ . live .
87. News: Dems Name Treasurer . . November 3, 1972 . 3 . 54 . 113 . Final . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131071439/https://www.newspapers.com/image/395444752/ . live .
88. News: Democrat's Treasurer to Resign . . November 27, 1972 . A-16 . 61 . 332 . Home Complete Stocks . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131071434/https://www.newspapers.com/image/271464238/ . live .
89. News: Democratic Treasurer Selected . . January 6, 1973 . Behr . Peter . 11 . 95 . 228 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131080806/https://www.newspapers.com/image/255601426/ . live .
90. News: Help for 'Scoop' . . September 9, 1974 . A-24 . 1974 . 35 . Final . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131080810/https://www.newspapers.com/image/460724417/ . live .
91. News: Democrats seek smooth convention . . October 19, 1974 . 4-A . 91 . 87 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131082632/https://www.newspapers.com/image/332369281/ . live .
92. News: Curtis new chairman of Democratic party . Stevens Point Daily Journal . . January 21, 1977 . . 13 . 82 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131212221/https://www.newspapers.com/image/251102769/ . live .
93. News: Democrat Treasurer Resigns . . February 24, 1978 . . A–2 . 128 . 55 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131212219/https://www.newspapers.com/image/830006771/ . live .
94. News: Dobelle's Democrat post to be formalized Friday . . June 5, 1978 . 16 . 86 . 330 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131222634/https://www.newspapers.com/image/532980456/ . live .
95. News: President Getting Set For 1980 . . March 5, 1979 . . Koza . Patricia . 1 . 108 . 41 . . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131222637/https://www.newspapers.com/image/184833007/ . live .
96. News: Life Is Less Political For Ken Curtis – But Not A Lot . . May 29, 1979 . . 5 . 83 . 63 . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201020344/https://www.newspapers.com/image/659036031/ . live .
97. News: Kelly Helps End Black Representation Fight . . February 28, 1981 . Waters . Robert . D10 . CXLIV . 59 . Final . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201020344/https://www.newspapers.com/image/368741383/ . live .
98. News: 'Winds' in D.C. . . February 21, 1983 . Means . Marianne . Marianne Means . 4 . 79 . 72 . . February 1, 2023 . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125225524/https://www.newspapers.com/image/347032850/ . live .
99. News: Earlier Dates Likely for Iowa Caucus and New Hampshire Primary . . December 22, 1983 . Gailey . Phil . A17 . CXXXIII . 45900 . Late . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201040128/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/22/us/earlier-dates-likely-for-iowa-caucus-and-new-hampshire-primary.html . live .
100. News: Democrats Choose a New Chief . . February 2, 1985 . Waldman . Myron S. . 3 . 45 . 150 . Nassau . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201040130/https://www.newspapers.com/image/709764650/ . live .
101. News: For Treasurer of DNC . . January 7, 1989 . . 7A . 143 . 245 . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201042658/https://www.newspapers.com/image/432189077/ . live .
102. News: Ignore labels, Democratic chief says . . . Rothberg . Donald M. . 3 . 83 . 283 . Final . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201054920/https://www.newspapers.com/image/641201996/ . live .
103. News: What exactly does a U.S. state governor do? . . September 2, 1991 . McQueen . Rod . 2 . 85 . 36 . Weekend . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201054909/https://www.newspapers.com/image/513166862/ . live .
104. News: Democrats Pick '92 Money Men . . September 8, 1991 . 3B . 113 . 251 . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201073030/https://www.newspapers.com/image/141432440/ . live .
105. News: Matsui is promoted to Demo's No. 3 post . . May 18, 1995 . Sample . Herbert A. . B1 . 277 . 2780 . Final . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201073028/https://www.newspapers.com/image/627116589/ . live .
106. News: Scott Pastrick to head Dem funds . . September 2, 1995 . 1 . East Lake . . February 5, 2023 . February 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230205022210/https://www.newspapers.com/image/309691377/ . live .
107. News: First lady's fund-raising among womendraws critics' fire . . March 9, 1997 . Kranish . Michael . Michael Kranish . . B1 . 48 . 21 . Metro . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201204508/https://www.newspapers.com/image/402894361/ . live .
108. News: Party's treasurer wants his dollar . . January 28, 1999 . . A2 . 121 . 180 . . February 1, 2023 . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201204511/https://www.newspapers.com/image/340734333/ . live .
109. Web site: Perez elected DNC chairman . . February 25, 2017 . February 1, 2023 . Debenedetti . Gabriel . November 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114235920/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/perez-elected-dnc-chairman-235392 . live .
110. Web site: Opinion: It's time to give Joe Biden his due . . November 27, 2021 . February 1, 2023 . Derrough . William . William Derrough . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201213800/https://www.dispatch.com/story/opinion/columns/guest/2021/11/27/opinion-its-time-give-president-joe-biden-his-due/8749378002/ . live .
111. Web site: President Biden picks Scranton woman, McGregor, as DNC treasurer . . January 27, 2021 . February 1, 2023 . Fearon . Dylan . February 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201215754/https://fox56.com/news/local/president-biden-picks-scranton-woman-mcgregor-as-dnc-treasurer . live .
112. Book: Macy, Jesse. Cyclopedia of American Government. 1. Andrew Cunningham. McLaughlin. Andrew C. McLaughlin. Albert. Bushnell Hart. Albert Bushnell Hart. 1914. Committees, Party. 361–363. https://books.google.com/books?id=fyA6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA361.
113. Book: Howe, Joseph Edwin. The Democratic National Committee, 1830–1876. 1919. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Master's thesis . Google Books.
114. Book: Reichey, A. James . The Life of the Parties: A History of American Political Parties . The Free Press . 1992 . 0-02-926025-6 . 257.
115. News: Fund-raiser Charlie Trie pleads guilty under plea agreement. https://web.archive.org/web/20060805092557/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/05/21/trie/. CNN. May 21, 1999. August 5, 2006.
116. News: DNC fined for illegal 1996 fund raising. CNN. September 23, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20080514033625/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/09/23/elec02.fec.dnc/ . May 14, 2008 . dead.
117. News: Nakashima . Ellem . Russian government hackers penetrated DNC, stole opposition research on Trump . . Washington, D.C. . 14 June 2016 . 22 July 2016 . June 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160620150039/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/russian-government-hackers_us_576025aae4b053d433065923 . live .
118. Web site: 'Lone Hacker' Claims Responsibility for Cyber Attack on Democrats. 2016-06-16. NBC News. 2016-07-27. July 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160728092152/http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/lone-hacker-claims-responsibility-cyber-attack-democrats-n593491. live.
119. News: Sanger . David E. . Corasaniti . Rick . New York City . D.N.C. Says Russian Hackers Penetrated Its Files, Including Dossier on Donald Trump . . 14 June 2016 . 24 July 2016 . July 25, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190725090932/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/us/politics/russian-hackers-dnc-trump.html . live .
120. News: Guccifer 2.0 releases new DNC docs. Uchill. Joe. 2016-07-13. The Hill. 2016-07-27. July 29, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160729012045/http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/287558-guccifer-20-drops-new-dnc-docs. live.
121. News: New Guccifer 2.0 dump highlights 'wobbly Dems' on Iran deal. Joe. Uchill. 2016-07-18. The Hill. 2016-07-27. July 29, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160729012053/http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/288119-new-guccifer-20-dump-highlights-wobbly-dems-on-iran-deal. live.
122. News: The Russian interference fight was encapsulated in one CNN show in July 2016. Bump. Philip. March 5, 2018. The Washington Post. 2016-07-27. September 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190921045701/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/03/05/the-russian-interference-fight-was-encapsulated-in-one-cnn-show-in-july-2016/. live.
123. Web site: EXCLUSIVE: WikiLeaks' Julian Assange on Releasing DNC Emails That Ousted Debbie Wasserman Schultz. 2016-07-25. Democracy Now!. 2016-07-27. March 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190318075314/https://www.democracynow.org/2016/7/25/exclusive_wikileaks_julian_assange_on_releasing. live.
124. News: Alperovitch . Dmitri . Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee . From The Front Lines . . 15 June 2016 . 22 July 2016 . May 24, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190524090240/https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/ . live .
125. News: Sanger . David E. . Schmitt . Eric . July 26, 2016 . Spy Agency Consensus Grows That Russia Hacked D.N.C. . . July 27, 2016 . May 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190502041948/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/27/us/politics/spy-agency-consensus-grows-that-russia-hacked-dnc.html . live .
126. Web site: WikiLeaks - Search the DNC email database. WikiLeaks. 3 August 2016. 22 July 2016. July 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160723215733/https://wikileaks.org/dnc-emails/. live.
127. News: Brazile. Donna. Donna Brazile. November 2, 2017. Inside Hillary Clinton's Secret Takeover of the DNC. Politico. November 4, 2017. November 5, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171105233621/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/02/clinton-brazile-hacks-2016-215774. live.
128. News: WikiLeaks posts 20,000 DNC emails. Uchill. Joe. 2016-07-22. The Hill. en-US. 2016-07-23. July 25, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160725134552/http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/288883-wikileaks-posts-20000-dnc-emails. live.
129. News: Top Democratic National Committee officials resign in wake of email breach. The Washington Post. Abby. Phillip. Katie. Zezima. 2 August 2016. 4 August 2016. August 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160804021809/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/08/02/democratic-national-committee-ceo-amy-dacey-resigns-in-wake-of-email-breach/. live.
130. News: Jeh Johnson: DNC did not want DHS help following election hack. Politico. Austin. Wright. June 21, 2017. September 21, 2019. September 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190921045659/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/21/dnc-no-help-homeland-security-hacks-239800. live.
131. News: FBI Director Comey: Agency requested access to DNC servers. CBS News. Emily. Schultheis. January 10, 2017. September 21, 2019. September 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190921045659/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-director-comey-agency-requested-access-to-dnc-servers/. live.
132. News: Democratic Party sues Russia, Trump campaign and WikiLeaks alleging 2016 campaign conspiracy. Tom. Hamburger. Rosalind S.. Helderman. Ellen. Nakashima. April 20, 2017. The Washington Post. August 15, 2018. June 20, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231907/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democratic-party-files-lawsuit-alleging-russia-the-trump-campaign-and-wikileaks-conspired-to-disrupt-the-2016-campaign/2018/04/20/befe8364-4418-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html. live.