| Official Name: | Dembi Dollo |
| Native Name Lang: | om |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Pushpin Map: | Ethiopia |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location within Ethiopia |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Ethiopia |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | Zone |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kelam Welega |
| Population As Of: | 2007 |
| Population Total: | 29,448 |
| Timezone: | EAT |
| Utc Offset: | +3 |
| Elevation M: | 1701 |
Dembidollo (Oromo: Dambi Doolloo), also spelled Dembi Dolo, is a market town and separate woreda in south-western Ethiopia. It is the capital of Kelam Welega Zone of the Oromia Region. This town, which is at an elevation of between 1701m (5,581feet) and 1827m (5,994feet) above sea level, was originally known as Sayo.
Dembidollo is known for goldsmith work and for tej production.[1] The town is served by Dembidollo Airport (ICAO code HADD, IATA DEM).
Originally known as Sayo, after the semi-autonomous kingdom that had ruled in this area in the years after 1900, by 1920 this town served as the seat of the governors of this part of south-western Ethiopia until the Italian conquest.[2] Richard Pankhurst notes that during this period Dembidolo was "a great commercial centre for coffee, where by the 1930s perhaps 500,000 kilos of beans, besides large quantities of wax and skins, were exported every year to the Sudan."[3] Emperor Iyasu V visited Dembidolo around 1912, and was welcomed by Dejazmach Jote.[4]
By 1958 Dembi Dollo became one of 27 places in Ethiopia ranked as First Class Township. That same year, the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia opened a branch in the town.[4] The last military action of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) before the demise of the Derg in 1991 occurred at Dembi Dollo, when some of its units reportedly killed more than 700 government soldiers.[4] Afterwards, the OLF assumed civilian control of Dembi Dollo and its surrounding territory. However, when the OLF found that their efforts to field candidates in the rest of the Oromia region were frustrated by the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization the OLF withdrew from the government in 1992. This proved to be a disaster for the OLF, as EPRDF forces captured Dembi Dollo and forcibly drove the OLF membership into exile.[5]
A modern water supply system was expected to be completed in the town by October 2017.[6]
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this town of 29,448, of whom 15,144 were men and 14,304 were women. The majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 58.23% reporting that as their religion, while 30.14% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 8.81% observed Islam, and 2.07% were Catholic.[7]
The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 19,587 of whom 9,832 were males and 9,755 were females. It is the largest settlement in Sayo woreda.