Delwar Hossain Sayeedi Explained

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi
Native Name Lang:bn
Parliament:Bangladesh
Term Start:14 July 1996
Term End:27 October 2006
Predecessor:Gazi Nuruzzaman Babul
Successor:A. K. M. A. Awal Saydur Rahman
Office1:Nayeb-e-Ameer of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
Termstart1:2009
Termend1:14 August 2023
Birth Date:1940 2, df=y
Birth Place:Pirojpur District, Bengal Presidency, British India
Death Place:Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nationality:Bangladeshi
Party:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
1Blankname1:Ameer
Office:Member of Parliament
Constituency:Pirojpur-1

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (2 February 1940 – 14 August 2023) was a Bangladeshi Islamist leader,[1] [2] politician, public speaker, and convicted war criminal,[3] who served as a Member of Parliament representing the Pirojpur-1 constituency from 1996 to 2006.[4] [5]

In 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) in Bangladesh found him guilty on eight out of twenty counts, which included murder, rape, and religious persecution. The verdict, which condemned him to death, generated significant domestic and international attention, leading to both support and criticism.[6] [7] [8] The verdict subsequently led to public protests and clashes between his supporters, opponents, and law enforcement agencies, resulting in a series of riots and unrest.[9]

In September 2014, the Supreme Court commuted his sentence to life imprisonment.[10] [11] [12] His trial was criticized by several international organizations including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.

Sayeedi died on 14 August 2023 at the age of 83 due to a cardiac arrest.

Background

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi received his first primary religious education at his local village madrassa, which was built by his father.[13] Sayeedi attended the Sarsina Alia Madrasah in 1962, followed by the Khulna Alia Madrasah.

Bangladesh Liberation War

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi was accused of, and later convicted of, committing arson, rape, and murder during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.[14]

Critics point out that no DNA testing was conducted, and some locals denied that he was involved. His family claims that he was not in Pirojpur at the time and lived in the New Market area of Jessore.[15] Sayedee and his family, then fled Jessore looking for safety and stayed at the house of a pir for about two weeks from around 1 April 1971. After that, the Sayedee family took refuge in another village, Mohiron, under Bagharpara in Jessore at the house of Roushan Ali.

Political career

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi joined Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in 1979. He became a Rukon of Jamaat in 1982 and a Shura member of Majlis in 1989. In 1996, he became a member of the executive council of Jamaat. He served as Naib Amir of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami from 2009 till his death.[16]

Having gained recognition, Delwar Hossain Sayeedi was elected as a member of parliament for constituency Pirojpur-1 in the 1996 and 2001 national elections of Bangladesh.[17]

Trial

On 22 March 2012, the Bangladesh government established the International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) to hear cases resulting from investigations of war crimes during the struggle for independence. It was an effort to "provide justice for victims of atrocities in the 1971 war of independence."[18] In the lead up to the hearing, Sayeedi's eldest son and mother died, and he suffered a heart attack. This delayed his trial by a month in 2012.[19]

Accusations

Sayeedi was accused of involvement in numerous crimes, including the killing of over 50 individuals, arson, rape, looting, and coercion of Hindus to convert to Islam.[20]

Arrest

On 24 July 2009, immigration officials at Zia International Airport prevented Sayeedi from going abroad. He challenged the government's actions by filing a petition with the High Court on 27 July. The appeals court upheld the travel bar 12 August, hours after the High Court declared the government's refusal to allow him to board an overseas flight illegal.[21] [22] The Attorney General stated before the Chamber Judge that Sayeedi had opposed the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. He argued that if Sayeedi was not barred from foreign travel, he might work against the government's efforts to bring justice for war crimes during that conflict.

On 21 March 2010, Syed Rejaul Haque Chandpuri, secretary general of the Bangladesh Tarikat Federation, filed a case accusing Delwar Hossain Sayeedi and five other Jamaat leaders of hurting religious sentiments. He was subsequently arrested.[23]

Charge-sheets

On 12 August 2009, Manik Poshari filed a war crime case in Pirojpur against Delwar Hossain Sayeedi and four others.[24] His accusations dated to events during the 1971 Bangladeshi war of independence.

Mahbubul Alam Howladar, a former freedom fighter, and now a member and deputy commander of the freedom fighters association called Zianagor upazila Muktijoddha Sangsad, filed charges against Sayeedi with the Pirojpur senior judicial magistrate's court in Zianagar.[25]

The war crime trials of Delwar Hossain Sayeedi began on 20 November 2011 at the International Crimes Tribunal in Bangladesh. The tribunal charged him with twenty counts of crimes against humanity, including murder, rape and arson, during the liberation war.[26] Some of the charges are(a) passing secret information on the gathering of people behind the Madhya Masimpur bus-stand to the Pakistan Army, and leading the Army there, where 20 unnamed people were killed by shooting;(b) abducting and killing of government officials (deputy magistrate – Saif Mizanur Rahman, sub-divisional police officer – Foyezur Rahman Ahmed, and sub-divisional officer – Abdur Razzak) of Pirojpur;(c) identifying and looting the houses and shops of people belonging to the Awami League, Hindu community, and supporters of the Liberation War at Parerhat Bazar under Pirojpur Sadar;(d) leading an operation, accompanied by Pakistan Army, to burn 25 houses of the Hindu community at Umedpur village (under the jurisdiction of Indurkani Police Station);(e) leading the group who abducted three women from the house of Gouranga Saha of Parerhat Bandar and handed them over to the Pakistan army for raping.[27] [28] [29] [30]

Sultan Ahmed Howlader, the fourth prosecution witness in the trial, testified that, during the liberation war, Sayeedi and his associate Moshleuddin confined Bipod Shaha's daughter Vanu Shaha at Parerhat, Pirojpur district and regularly raped her. Another witness testified that Sayeedi had organised the Razakar militia, a paramilitary force that aided the Pakistan army at Pirojpur.[31]

The trial saw 28 witnesses for the prosecution and 16 for the defence. In addition, the tribunal received 16 witness statements given to the investigator after the prosecution argued that those witnesses were either dead, or that producing them before the tribunal would incur unreasonable delay or expenditure.[32]

Witness abduction

On 5 November 2012, Sukhranjan Bali, a prosecution witness who instead testified as a defense witness, was abducted outside the International Crimes Tribunal allegedly by the Bangladesh Police.[33] Human rights group believed it to be a case of forced disappearance. Later, Bali was handed over to India's Border Security Force.[34] "The apparent abduction of a witness in a trial at the ICT is a cause for serious concern about the conduct of the prosecution, judges and government," said a spokesperson for Human Rights Watch. Bali had been expected to counter prosecution allegations about Sayeedi's involvement in the 1971 murder of Bali's brother.[35]

Conviction

The tribunal found Sayeedi guilty in 8 of the 20 charges, including mass killing, rape, arson, looting and force minority Hindus to convert to Islam during 1971. On 28 February 2013, the tribunal sentenced him to death by hanging for two charges among the eight committed during the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971.[7] [9] [36]

As per the verdict, Sayeedi was awarded capital punishment for the offenses as listed in charge numbers 8 and 10. The court refrained from passing any separate sentence of imprisonment for the offences listed in charge numbers 6, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 19 which it said had been proved beyond a reasonable doubt. At the same time, the accused was found not guilty to the offenses of crimes against humanity as listed in charge numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20 and was acquitted from the said charges.[37] [38]

The defendant's lawyers boycotted the trial and have said that the charges against Sayeedi and others were politically motivated.[36] [39]

Reactions

Various groups including BNP and Jamaat questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal and conviction.[40] [41]

His defence at the trial argued that this was a case of mistaken identity saying that the original perpetrator was a man named Delwar Hossain Shikdar, who had been apprehended and executed by freedom fighters after the war.

By afternoon on the day of the primary verdict, clashes had erupted across Bangladesh between Islamic activists and police forces. An estimated 100 protesters died countrywide in a series of protests and crackdowns subsequently.[42] [43] [44] [45] According to the BBC, it marked "The worst day of political violence in Bangladesh in decades".[46]

The Amnesty International released a statement on Sayeedi's trial. They noted that the organization neither endorsed the appeals for capital punishment in the case of Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, nor could it affirm that the trials aligned with global benchmarks for impartial legal proceedings.[47] On 2 November 2011, Human Rights Watch released a statement urging the Bangladeshi government to address and investigate instances of intimidation and threats against defense lawyers and witnesses involved in cases at the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT). Furthermore, Human Rights Watch said the proceedings of the trial fell short of international standards and urged a retrial.[48]

The Economist criticised the trial, stating that the presiding judge had resigned and Sayeedi's death sentence was handed down by three men who had not heard all the witnesses.[49]

Appeal hearings

On 17 September 2014, the Appellate Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Md Muzammel Hossain and comprising a five-member bench, delivered a verdict reducing Sayeedi's sentence from the death penalty to life imprisonment for war crimes. The judgment reflected varying opinions among the judges.[50] [51]

Travel and media appearances

In 2004, the United States of America Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) added Sayeedi to its No Fly List, established to prevent suspected radicals and terrorists from flying into the US.[52] In July 2006 Sayeedi travelled to the UK to address rallies in London and Luton; his entry was cleared by the foreign office. Many British MPs considered his admission to the country to be controversial. In leaked emails reported by The Times, an adviser, Eric Taylor, said that Sayeedi's "previous visits to the UK have been reportedly marred by violence caused by his supporters."[53]

On 13 July 2006, the British journalist Martin Bright released a documentary called Who Speaks For Muslims? It included Sayeedi and identified him as having extreme views.[54] Sayeedi has a large following within the British Bangladeshi community. He was invited to speak at the East London Mosque on 14 July 2006; the then-secretary general of the Muslim Council of Britain, Muhammad Abdul Bari, supported his invitation.

Death

On 14 August 2023 at 8:40 PM, Sayeedi, aged 83, died at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University after experiencing a cardiac arrest. Following his death, thousands of mourners and supporters assembled outside the hospital premises in a rally.[55]

Selected published books

Notes and References

  1. News: 17 September 2014 . Bangladesh Islamist Delwar Sayeedi death sentence commuted . en-GB . BBC News . 14 August 2023.
  2. Web site: 17 September 2014 . Bangladesh Court Commutes Death Sentence of Top Islamist . 14 August 2023 . VOA . en.
  3. Web site: 2023-08-14 . War criminal Delwar Hossain Sayeedi dies . 2024-03-23 . . en.
  4. Web site: List of 8th Parliament Members . 27 July 2022 . www.parliament.gov.bd . 6 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230406002909/http://parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-8th-parliament-members-bangla . dead .
  5. Web site: List of 7th Parliament Members . 27 July 2022 . www.parliament.gov.bd.
  6. News: Bangladesh war crimes trial: Delwar Hossain Sayeedi to die . BBC News . 28 February 2013 .
  7. News: Yuan . Elizabeth . Ahmed . Saeed . Ahmed . Farid . 27 February 2013 . Seeking war crimes justice, Bangladesh protesters fight 'anti-Islam' label . CNN.
  8. News: 28 February 2013 . Bangladesh Jamaat leader sentenced to death . Al Jazeera . 28 February 2013.
  9. News: Ahmed . Anis . 28 February 2013 . Bangladesh Islamist's death sentence sparks deadly riots . Reuters .
  10. News: 17 September 2014 . Bangladesh Court commits Islamist leader's death sentence to life imprisonment . ITV Radio Nigeria . 17 September 2014 . 18 September 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140918031308/http://itvradionigeria.com/news/bangladesh-court-commits-islamist-leaders-death-sentence-life-imprisonment/ . dead .
  11. News: 17 September 2014 . Bangladesh Islamist Allama Delawar Hossain Sayedee death sentence commuted . BBC News.
  12. News: 27 February 2013. Sayedee verdict Thursday . The Daily Star . https://web.archive.org/web/20130301233441/http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=45073 . 1 March 2013 . 28 February 2013.
  13. News: 8 February 2013 . bn:সাইদখালির শিকদার যেভাবে হলেন সাঈদী . https://www.bbc.co.uk/bengali/news/2013/02/130228_sr_saidee_profile.shtml . BBC Bangla . bn.
  14. Web site: bdtoday.net: Comical legal process in Bangladesh! . 27 April 2023 . www.newsbybd.net.
  15. News: Ahmed . Tanim . 28 February 2013 . 'Shikdar turned Sayedee' . https://web.archive.org/web/20220514082205/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/02/28/shikdar-turned-sayedee . 2022-05-14 . bdnews24.com.
  16. Web site: আল্লামা সাঈদীর রাজনৈতিক জীবন . live . https://archive.today/20230815114344/https://dailysangram.com/post/532755-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8 . 15 August 2023 . 15 August 2023 . The Daily Sangram.
  17. Web site: Parliament Election Result of 1991, 1996, 2001 Bangladesh Election Information and Statistics . . Vote Monitor Networks . https://web.archive.org/web/20081229000009/http://votemonitor.net/bangladesh/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=129 . 29 December 2008 . 12 August 2014.
  18. Web site: Bangladesh: Stop Harassment of Defense at War Tribunal . Human Rights Watch . 2 November 2011 . 6 March 2013.
  19. Web site: Ahmed . Tanim . 'Shikdar turned Sayedee' . 15 August 2023 . bdnews24.com . en.
  20. News: 2011-10-03 . Bangladesh party leader accused of war crimes in 1971 conflict . 2024-03-23 . . en-GB . 0261-3077.
  21. News: 24 July 2009 . Sayeedee stopped from flying to S Arabia . 15 August 2023 . bdnews24.com . en.
  22. Web site: 12 Aug 2009 . Sayeedi travel bar upheld on govt petition . 2024-03-23 . . en.
  23. News: 29 June 2010 . Top Jamaat-e-Islami leaders arrested . 27 April 2023 . The Hindu . en-IN . 0971-751X.
  24. News: 25 August 2009 . SC upholds HC order to allow Sayedee to go abroad . The Daily Star . 16 October 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192551/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=102925 . dead .
  25. News: 1 September 2009 . Sayedee sued for war crimes in Pirojpur . The Daily Star . 16 October 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101545/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/story.php?nid=103937 . dead .
  26. News: 20 November 2011 . Bangladesh 1971 war crimes trial begins . Hindustan Times . Press Trust of India.
  27. News: 4 October 2011 . Charges brought against Sayedee . The Daily Star . 28 February 2013 . 25 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140425163550/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=205109 . dead .
  28. News: 27 February 2013 . Charges against Sayedee . bdnews24 . 28 February 2013.
  29. News: 8 December 2011 . Sayedee looted houses in 1971, converted Hindus: Witness . The New Age. https://archive.today/20130411131918/http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-12-08&nid=42800 . 11 April 2013 . 28 February 2013.
  30. News: 21 December 2011 . Sayeedi regularly raped a Hindu girl: Witness . Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha . 28 February 2013 . 5 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070726/http://www.bssnews.net/newsDetails.php?cat=0&id=215868&date=2011-12-21 . dead .
  31. News: 3 October 2011 . Sayeedi formed Razakar Bahini at Pirojpur: Witness . Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha . 16 October 2015 . 31 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160531122201/http://www.bssnews.net/newsDetails.php?cat=0&id=218401&date=2012-01-03 . dead .
  32. News: Ahmed . Tanim . Nilo . Suliman . 28 February 2013 . Sayedee to hang . bdnews24.com . 13 April 2013.
  33. News: Bergman . David . David Bergman (journalist) . 16 May 2013 . Witness alleges state abduction . The New Age. https://web.archive.org/web/20130607201609/http://www.newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-05-16&nid=49319#.ViBVtCvAE-U . 7 June 2013 . 16 May 2013 .
  34. Web site: India: Protect Bangladesh War Crimes Trial Witness . 16 May 2013 . Human Rights Watch . 16 May 2013.
  35. Web site: Human Rights Report 2013 . 14 April 2014 . Odhikar . 69 . 22 February 2017 . International Federation for Human Rights.
  36. News: 28 February 2013 . Bangladesh war crimes trial: Delwar Hossain Sayeedi to die . BBC News .
  37. Web site: The Chief Prosecutor Versus Delowar Hossain Sayeedi: Judgement . International Crimes Tribunal . 9 March 2021.
  38. Web site: Equipo Nizkor - Bangladesh ICT1: The Chief Prosecutor v. Delowar Hossain Sayeedi. . 27 April 2023 . Equipo Nizkor.
  39. News: 28 February 2013 . Bangladesh sentences Jamaat-e-Islami leader to death for war crimes . The Guardian . London . Associated Press.
  40. News: 28 February 2013 . Bangladesh war crimes trial: Delwar Hossain Sayeedi to die . en-GB . BBC News . 15 August 2023.
  41. News: 28 February 2013 . Bangladesh war crimes verdict sparks deadly clashes . en-GB . BBC News . 15 August 2023.
  42. News: Julfikar Ali Manik . Jim Yardley . 1 March 2013 . Death Toll From Bangladesh Unrest Reaches 44 . The New York Times . 1 March 2013.
  43. News: Arun Devnath . Andrew MacAskill . 1 March 2013 . Clashes Kill 35 in Bangladesh After Islamist Sentenced to Hang . Bloomberg . 1 March 2013.
  44. News: Naim-Ul-Karim . 2 March 2013 . 4 dead, hundreds injured as riots continue in Bangladesh . https://web.archive.org/web/20130307162833/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/02/c_124408068.htm . dead . 7 March 2013 . Xinhuanet . Xinhua . 2 March 2013.
  45. News: 3 March 2013 . Bangladesh deaths rise as Jamaat protest strike begins . BBC News . 3 March 2013.
  46. News: 1 March 2013 . Bangladesh war crimes verdict sparks more violence . BBC News . 1 March 2013.
  47. Web site: Webteam . Web . 12 March 2013 . #Shabhag and the Complexities of International Justice . 15 August 2023 . Amnesty International USA . en-US.
  48. Web site: 13 December 2012 . Bangladesh: Retrial Needed in Sayedee Case . 27 April 2023 . Human Rights Watch . en.
  49. 20 March 2013 . Justice in Bangladesh: Another kind of crime . . 18 April 2013.
  50. News: 2014-09-17 . Bangladesh Islamist Delwar Sayeedi death sentence commuted . 2024-03-23 . . en-GB.
  51. Web site: 2014-09-17 . Sayedee's death sentence commuted . 2024-03-23 . . en.
  52. News: 16 March 2004 . Bangladesh lawmaker in US 'no fly list' . Yahoo News . https://web.archive.org/web/20050103183623/http://in.news.yahoo.com/040316/139/2c11t.html . 3 January 2005.
  53. News: Ford . Richard . Woolcock . Nicola . O'Neill . Sean . 14 July 2006 . Islamist hardliner heads for Britain . The Times . 22 August 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070227210035/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article687513.ece . 27 February 2007.
  54. News: Bright . Martin . 13 July 2006 . Delwar Hossein Sayeedi . New Statesman .
  55. Web site: 2023-08-14 . Protests after jailed Bangladeshi Islamist leader dies . 2024-03-23 . . en.
  56. Web site: http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/3650. https://web.archive.org/web/20191023162513/http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/3650. dead. 23 October 2019. bn:আখিরাতের জীবনচিত্র | পাঠাগার. 23 October 2019. Pathagar.com. bn.
  57. Web site: http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/3387. https://web.archive.org/web/20191023162549/http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/3387. dead. 23 October 2019. bn:দুর্নীতি মুক্ত সমাজ গড়ার মূলনীতি | পাঠাগার. 23 October 2019. Pathagar.com. bn.
  58. Web site: https://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/2970. https://web.archive.org/web/20200821002622/https://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/2970. dead. 21 August 2020. bn:ধর্মভিত্তিক রাজনীতি নিষিদ্ধ ঘোষণার দাবী ও প্রাসঙ্গিক ভাবনা | পাঠাগার. 21 August 2020. Pathagar.com. bn.
  59. Web site: http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/2772. https://web.archive.org/web/20191019004147/http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/2772. dead. 19 October 2019. bn:আমি কেন জামায়াতে ইসলামী করি | পাঠাগার. 19 October 2019. Pathagar.com. bn.
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  61. Web site: http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/77. https://web.archive.org/web/20180415043424/http://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/77. dead. 15 April 2018. bn:শিশুর প্রশিক্ষণ পদ্ধতি | পাঠাগার. 15 April 2018. Pathagar.com. bn.
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  63. Web site: https://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/75. https://web.archive.org/web/20200811231956/https://www.pathagar.com/book/detail/75. dead. 11 August 2020. bn:কাদিয়ানীরা কেন মুসলমান নয় | পাঠাগার. 11 August 2020. Pathagar.com. bn.
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