Delsoline Explained

Delsoline and delcosine are two closely related naturally occurring diterpene alkaloids first isolated from Delphinium consolida. They occur widely in the Ranunculaceae plant family. The polycyclic ring system containing nineteen carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom in these compounds is the same as in aconitine and this is reflected in their preferred IUPAC name.

History

Delsoline and delcosine were named in 1924 by Markwood, who isolated these alkaloids from Delphinium consolida, but their structures were in doubt[1] until established in 1963[2] and later confirmed by the X-ray crystallography of delsoline.[3] [4] There are many other known diterpene alkaloids, some of which differ from these in only minor ways. Thus while delsoline (R=CH3) is a methylated derivative of delcosine (R=H), it is also an isomeric methyl derivative of gigactonine.[5]

Synthesis

Although individual members of this class of alkaloids have been extensively studied, their chemical complexity has limited the number which have been individually synthesised. Similarly, their full biosynthetic pathway is only known in outline in most cases.[6]

Natural occurrence

The compounds co-occur in Aconitum variegatum[7] and many species of Delphinium[8] including Delphinium ajacis[9] and other Consolida species in the Ranunculaceae plant family.[10]

Biochemistry

Compounds related to aconitine are widely studied for their properties in biological systems and these have been reviewed. For example, delsoline has been reported be one of the active components in traditional Chinese medicinal plants.[11]

See also

Notes and References

  1. 10.1021/ja01200a055 . The Alkaloids of Delphinium Consolida L.1 . 1947 . Marion . Léo . Edwards . O. E. . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 69 . 8 . 2010–2014 . 20255295 .
  2. 10.1351/pac196306040621 . free . The highly-oxygenated diterpenoid alkaloids . 1963 . Marion . L. . Pure and Applied Chemistry . 6 . 4 . 621–634 . 96279513 .
  3. Book: 10.1016/S1876-0813(08)60100-1 . Chapter 1 Diterpene Alkaloids from Aconitum, Delphinium, and Garry a Species: The C19-Diterpene Alkaloids . The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology . 1970 . Pelletier . S.W. . Keith . L.H. . 12 . 1–134 . 9780124695122 .
  4. 10.1007/BF01195410 . Crystal and molecular structure of delsoline . 1992 . Joshi . Balawant S. . Desai . Haridutt K. . Pelletier . S. William . Newton . M. Gary . Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research . 22 . 4 . 477–483 . 98764332 .
  5. 10.1248/yakushi1947.98.10_1376 . On the Alkaloids of Aconitum gigas Lev. et Van. and the structure of a New Base, Gigactonine . Yakugaku Zasshi. 1978. 98. 10. 1376–1384. Sakai. S.. Shinma. N.. Hasegawa. S.. Okamoto. T.. free.
  6. 10.1002/ijch.201100005 . Terpenoid-Alkaloids: Their Biosynthetic Twist of Fate and Total Synthesis . 2011 . Cherney . Emily C. . Baran . Phil S. . Israel Journal of Chemistry . 51 . 3–4 . 391–405 . 26207071 . 4508874 .
  7. Díaz . Jesús G. . Ruiza . Juan García . Herz . Werner . April 2005 . Norditerpene and diterpene alkaloids from Aconitum variegatum . Phytochemistry . 66 . 7 . 837–46 . 15797610 . 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.019.
  8. 10.1039/D0RA00813C. free . An overview of the chemical constituents from the genus Delphinium reported in the last four decades . 2020 . Yin . Tianpeng . Cai . Le . Ding . Zhongtao . RSC Advances . 10 . 23 . 13669–13686 . 35492993 . 9051563 . 2020RSCAd..1013669Y .
  9. 10.1021/np50084a005 . Two New Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from the Roots of Delphinium ajacis . 1992 . Pelletier . S. William . Bhandaru . Sudhakar . Desai . Haridutt K. . Ross . Samir A. . Sayed . Hanna M. . Journal of Natural Products . 55 . 6 . 736–743 .
  10. 10.1039/D0RA06811J . free . A systematic review on the chemical constituents of the genus Consolida (Ranunculaceae) and their biological activities . 2020 . Yin . Tianpeng . Cai . Le . Ding . Zhongtao . RSC Advances . 10 . 58 . 35072–35089 . 35515663 . 9056944 . 2020RSCAd..1035072Y .
  11. Book: 10.1016/S0099-9598(08)60217-5 . Chapter 3 Distribution of Alkaloids in Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants . The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology . 1988 . Han . Gui-Qiu . Chen . Ya-Yan . Liang . Xiao-Tian . 32 . 241–270 . 9780124695320 .

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