Delphinium denudatum explained

Delphinium denudatum is a species of wildflower in the genus Delphinium, native to Central Asia.

Distribution

Delphinium denudatum is found on the outer ranges of western Himalayas of Nepal^[1] and in India from Kashmir to Kumaon at a height between 8000 and 12000 feet above sea level.

Medicinal properties

It is one of the important drugs used as indigenous medicine in India, especially in Unani medicine.^{[2] [3]} Its vernacular name is Jadwar.

The roots of the plant are reported to be useful in a variety of ailments such as aconite poisoning, brain diseases, fungal infection, piles and toothache as analgesic and astringent.^{[4] [5] [6]} A number of studies have been done on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties.^{[7] [8]}

Its use in opium addiction is mentioned in some classical literature,^{[9] [10]} which has been verified and validated in morphine-induced physical dependent de-addiction studies.^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]} Some species are reported to have been poisonous.^[21]

Notes and References

1. Web site: नेपालमा अधिक चोरी शिकारी र अवैध व्यापार हुने वन्यजन्तु तथा वनस्पतिहरूको जानकारी . dnpwc.gov.np . Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. ne . 10 September 2020.
2. Nizami . Qudsia . Jafri . MA . 2006 . Unani drug, Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall.) - A review . Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge . 5 . 4. 463–467 .
3. Zafar S, Aftab MA, Siddiqui TA. Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall.) Roots – A Boon in Unani Medicine, Hamdard Medicus, Vol. XLVI, No. 2, 2003: 9-14
4. Baytar Ibn. Jame al Mufradat al advia wal aghzia. Cairo: Bulak Press; 1874: 159
5. Khory RN, Katrak NN. Materia Medica of India and their therapeutics. Delhi: Neeraj Publishing House; 1985: 10–11
6. Rahman A, Nasreen A, Akhtar F, Shekhani MS, Clardy J, Parvez M, Choudhary MI. Antifungal diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium denudatum. J Nat Prod. 1997;60:472–4
7. Singh N, Singh A, Malik MS. Delphinium denudatum alkaloid, the structure of denudatine. Chem Ind. 1961: 1909-11
8. Singh N, Chopra KL. Diterpine alkaloid isolation and study of two new alkaloids. J Pharma and Pharmaceutic. 1962;14:288–93
9. Khan Najmul Ghani. Qarabadin-i Najmul Ghani (Urdu). 2nd ed. Lucknow: Naval Kishore Press; 1928: 621
10. Shirazi IM. Treatise on Opium. A 16th Century Persian manuscript Aligarh: Zillur Rahman Library, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences; Scribed between 1737 and 1744. p. 28.
11. 10.1186/1472-6882-2-6. Rahman. SZ (Syed Ziaur Rahman). Khan . RA. Kumar. A. BMC Complement Altern Med . May 2002. 2. 6. 6. 12036433 . 116424. free.
12. Study shows Delphinium denudatum aids in de-addiction of morphine (Review) . Chase . Christina . HerbClip, American Botanical Council, Austin, TX, USA . June 2003 . HC#010133–234.
13. ISI:000187240200233 IDS Number: 753PR . Rahman. SZ. Khan . RA. Kumar. A. CNS depressant effect of delphinium denudatum wall. with special reference to its role in morphine addiction . Journal of Neurochemistry . December 2003. 87. Suppl. 1 . 68 . 10.1046/j.1474-1644.2003.2175_4.x.
14. ISI:000189078700103 IDS Number: 775UH . 10.1046/j.1474-1644.2003.2314p8_01.x. Rahman. SZ. Khan . RA. Kumar. A. Delphinium denudatum Wall and its CNS activities particularly in morphine addiction . Journal of Neurochemistry . February 2004. 88 . Suppl. 1 . 34 . free.
15. ISI:000223760900456 IDS Number: 852NB . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02693P.x. Rahman. SZ. Khan . RA. Kumar. A. Delphinium denudatum Wall and its CNS depressant effect particularly in morphine addiction . Journal of Neurochemistry . August 2004. 90 . Suppl. 1 . 145 . free.
16. ISI:000231673400258 IDS Number: 961PD . 10.1111/j.1474-1644.2005.03323.x. Rahman. SZ. Khan . RA. Kumar. A. Pharmacological studies of an indigenous CNS-active drug delphinium denudatum wall. in view of its role in morphine addiction . Journal of Neurochemistry . August 2005. 94 . Suppl. 2 . 95 . free. 2434/36547. free.
17. ISI:000248991600345 IDS Number: 203RL . 10.1111/j.0022-3042.2007.04727.x. Rahman. SZ. Khan . RA. Kumar. A. Pharmacological study of delphinium denudatum wall. in morphine de-addiction.. Journal of Neurochemistry . August 2007. 102 . Suppl. 1 . 142–143 . free.
18. Rahman, S. Z., Khan R. A. & Kumar A. A Study of Delphinium denudatum Wall. in morphine dependence. In: Khan SS, editor. Vistas in Ethnobotany, Ind J Applied Pure Biol. Vol. 1. 2000: 111–125
19. Rahman, S. Z., Khan R.A & Kumar A. Preclinical study of delphinium denudatum wall. in morphine de-addiction. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods September–October 2007, Volume 56 (2): e4
20. Rahman, S. Z., Khan, R. A & Kumar, A. A Study of Delphinium denudatum in moderately induced morphine dependence, Proceedings, 6th Internet World Congress for Biomedical Sciences, Castilla La Mancha University, Spain, February 14–25, 2000
21. Human Poisoning due to Delphinium Species in the Himalayan Region of Nepal: A Case Report.Santosh Adhikari et al. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2020.