Dehalococcoidia Explained

Dehalococcoidia is a class of Chloroflexota, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group.^[1]

The name Dehalococcoidetes is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004, after Dehalococcoides ethenogenes, a partially described species in 1997,^[2] whereas the first species fully described belonging to this class was Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens by Moe et al. 2009, but no emendations to the name were made.^[3]

Characteristics

Both species, Dehalococcoides ethenogenes and Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens are irregular coccus (coccoid) bacteria capable of dehalogenating polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes and alkenes, such as tetrachloroethene, trichloropropane, trichloroethane, dichloropropane, and dichloroethane.^[4]

One of the features of the members of the phylum Chloroflexota is the unusual cell wall structure, which is monoderm but with great variation in presence or structure of the peptidoglycan resulting in many members staining Gram-negative and other Gram-positive.^[5] Both species of Dehalococcoidetes stain Gram negative, but they potentially lack peptidoglycan and instead possess pseudopeptidoglycan (S-layer) (resistant to peptidoglycan-attacking antibiotics ampicillin and vancomycin; wheat germ agglutinin does not bind nor does lysozyme work).^{[2] [3] [6]}

See also

• Bioaugmentation
• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

Notes and References

1. Lebron, C. A. . Petrovskis, E. . Loeffler, F. . Henn, K. . amp . 2011. Guidance Protocol: Application of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), Biostimulation, and Bioaugmentation at Chlorinated Solvent Sites.
2. Maymo-Gatell . X. . Chien . Y. . Gossett . J. M. . Zinder . S. H. . Isolation of a Bacterium That Reductively Dechlorinates Tetrachloroethene to Ethene . 10.1126/science.276.5318.1568 . Science . 276 . 5318 . 1568–1571 . 1997 . 9171062.
3. Moe W.M. . Yan J. . Nobre M.F. . Da Costa M.S. . Rainey F.A. . 2009 . Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens gen. nov., sp. nov., a reductively dehalogenating bacterium isolated from chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 59 . 2692–2697 . 10.1099/ijs.0.011502-0 . 11 . 19625421. free .
4. Maymo-Gatell X, Chien Y, Gossett JM, Zinder SH . 1997 . Isolation of a bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetrachloroethene to ethene . Science . 276 . 1568 - 1571 . 9171062 . 10.1126/science.276.5318.1568 . 5318.
5. Book: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2A. Introductory Essays. George M. Garrity . Don J. Brenner . Noel R. Krieg . James T. Staley . Springer. New York . 2nd. 978-0-387-24143-2 . 304 . July 26, 2005. 1984(Williams & Wilkins). British Library no. GBA561951.
6. Fazi . S. . Aulenta . F. . Majone . M. . Rossetti . S. . Improved quantification of Dehalococcoides species by fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition . Systematic and Applied Microbiology . 31 . 1 . 62–67 . 2008 . 18249080 . 10.1016/j.syapm.2007.11.001.