Definitions of abortion explained

Definitions of abortion vary from one source to another. Abortion has many definitions that can differ from each other in significant ways. Given the contentious nature of abortion, lawmakers and other stakeholders often face controversy in defining abortion.[1] [2] Language referring to abortion often reflects societal and political opinions (not only scientific knowledge).[3] Influential non-state actors like the United Nations[4] and the Roman Catholic Church have also engendered controversy over efforts to define abortion.[5]

Late termination of pregnancy is the term usually used for later uterine evacuation.[6]

Concerns in the medical community

Ambiguous definitions can create concerns in the medical community.[7] Physicians in several countries, including Ireland[8] [9] and Canada,[10] have expressed concern over ambiguous definitions of abortion. Even in situations where there is a clear definition of abortion, it does not always match definitions of related terms in effect in the same jurisdiction.[11]

Examples of definitions

The following is a partial list of definitions as stated by obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) textbooks, dictionaries, and encyclopedias:

Major OB/GYN textbooks

Other OB/GYN textbooks

Major medical dictionaries

Other medical dictionaries

Bibliographies

Major English dictionaries (general-purpose)

Other dictionaries

Encyclopedias

Philosophical essays

See also

Notes and References

  1. Arzuaga. Bonnie Hope. Lee, Ben Hokew . Limits of Human Viability in the United States: A Medicolegal Review.. Pediatrics. December 2011. 128. 6. 1047–1052 . 24 November 2013 . 10.1542/peds.2011-1689 . 22065266. free.
  2. Morag‐Levine. Noga. Imported problem definitions, legal culture and the local dynamics of Israeli abortion politics. Israel Affairs. 1998. 5. 2–3 . 226–245. 10.1080/13537129908719520.
  3. Web site: Abortion . . 9 April 2014 . Kulczycki, Andrzej.
  4. News: Hale. Ellen. Definitions slow debate on abortions. 9 September 1994. USA Today. 1A.
  5. News: Defining the undefined key in abortion debate. The Catholic Church's position on the difference between direct and indirect abortion is considered by Joe Foyle. The Irish Times. 31 July 2000. 14.
  6. Abortion jabberwocky: the need for better terminology . Contraception . February 2010 . 9 April 2014 . Grimes, David A. . Gretchen, Stuart . 93–96 . 81 . 2 . 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.005 . 20103443.
  7. Roe. K.M.. Private troubles and public issues: providing abortion amid competing definitions. Social Science & Medicine. 1989. 29. 10 . 1191–8 . 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90362-6 . 2588046.
  8. News: Coulter. Carol. Legislation to clarify abortion issue advised . 4 July 1996. 7.
  9. News: Cassidy. Coleman. Definition of abortion is crucial gynaecologist . The Irish Times. 10 May 2000. 6. The definition of abortion is crucial to the efforts of the all-party Oireachtas committee, when it comes to make its recommendations, Dr Alistair McFar lane, a retired obstetrician and gynaecologist, told the hearing. No definition appeared in the Green Paper, he said, and the committee had heard a number of accounts from the various medical experts in the past week which differed as to whether or not the ending of pregnancy in certain procedures (carried out by all obstetricians on medical grounds) amounted to abortion..
  10. News: Brunt. Stephen. MDs seek precise definition in new law. The Globe and Mail (Canada). 28 July 1988.
  11. Schoen. Wendy L.. Conflict in the Parameters Denning Life and Death in Missouri Statutes . American Journal of Law & Medicine. 1990. 16. 555 . 555–580 . 10.1017/S0098858800008546. 26928012. The mere fact that a certain class of decisions is difficult cannot justify the absence of consistent supporting standards. Each state must compare the language of its statutes to determine whether the definitions of the parameters of life conflict. If these definitions conflict, as is the case with Missouri's Definition of Death and abortion regulation statutes, the state must amend the existing language to bring into concert the criteria defining these parameters. Each state should decide whether to accomplish this goal by changing its statute in which death is defined or by changing any other statute with conflicting criteria. . 24 November 2013.
  12. Book: Cunningham. FG. Leveno. KJ. Bloom. SL. Hauth. JC. Rouse. DJ. Spong. CY. 1. Overview of Obstetrics. Williams Obstetrics. 23. McGraw-Hill Medical. 2010. 978-0-07-149701-5.
  13. Book: Gabbe. Steven G.. Steven Gabbe. Niebyl. Jennifer R.. Simpson. Joe Leigh. 2007. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5. Churchill Livingstone. 51. Legal and Ethical Issues in Obstetric Practice. 978-0-443-06930-7. Annas. George J.. George Annas. Elias. Sherman.
  14. Book: Melissa J.. Kottke. Mimi. Zieman. 33. Management of Abortion. John A.. Rock. Howard W.. Jones III. 2008. 10. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 978-0-7817-7234-1. TeLinde's Operative Gynecology.
  15. Book: Katz, Vern L.. Mosby. 2007. 5. Katz: Comprehensive Gynecology. Katz. Vern L.. Lentz. Gretchen M.. Lobo. Rogerio A.. Gershenson. David M.. 16. Spontaneous and Recurrent Abortion – Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment. 9780323029513 .
  16. Book: Schorge. John O.. Joseph I.. Schaffer. Lisa M.. Halvorson. Barbara L.. Hoffman. Karen D.. Bradshaw. F. Gary. Cunningham. 2008. Williams Gynecology. 1. McGraw-Hill Medical. 978-0-07-147257-9. 6. First-Trimester Abortion.
  17. Web site: Taber's Medical Dictionary: abortion . . . 14 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111003225250/http://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/ub/view/Tabers/143003/37/abortion . 2011-10-03 . deviated.
  18. Book: Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 27. 978-0683400083. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. 2000.
  19. Book: Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Saunders. 2007. 9781416023647. 31. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary.
  20. Web site: Medical Dictionary . . Springfield, Mass. . . 15 June 2011.
  21. Book: The American Heritage Science Dictionary . Boston . Houghton Mifflin . 2005 . 9780618455041 . registration .
  22. Book: Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution . registration . Cambridge; New York. Cambridge University Press . 2005 . 54374716.
  23. Book: Mosby's Emergency Dictionary . Philadelphia . Elsevier Health Sciences . 1998. 37553784.
  24. Book: abortion . Dictionary of Medical Terms . London . A & C Black . 2005 . 55634250.
  25. Book: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary . 978-0618947256. Houghton Mifflin. 2008 . reprint . 2 . 608212441.
  26. Book: The Dictionary of Modern Medicine . 3 . 1992 . Parthenon Publishing . 978-1850703211.
  27. Book: Churchill's Medical Dictionary. 3. 1989. 978-0443086915. Churchill Livingstone.
  28. Book: Oxford English Dictionary . abortion, n.. http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/503 . Third . September 2009; online version September 2011 . Oxford University Press. Oxford English Dictionary.
  29. Web site: abortion. HarperCollins Publishers. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. 7 October 2012.
  30. Web site: abortion. Dictionary.comUnabridged. Random House, Inc.. 27 June 2011.
  31. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, from Merriam-Webster, an Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
  32. Chambers 21st Century Dictionary. London: Chambers Harrap, 2001.
  33. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, online edition.
  34. Book: The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy . 3rd . . 2005 .
  35. "abortion."Dictionary of World Philosophy. London: Routledge, 2001.
  36. Book: Garner, Bryan A.. Bryan A. Garner. Black's Law Dictionary. 9th. June 2009. Thomson West. 9780314199492. Black's Law Dictionary.
  37. Encyclopedia: Abortion (pregnancy) . . 2011 . http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1498/abortion . 26 June 2011 .
  38. Encyclopedia: The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York. Columbia University Press. 2008. Abortion.
  39. Encyclopedia: Abortion . World Encyclopedia, Oxford Reference Online . Oxford University Press. 2008.
  40. Encyclopedia: Abortion and miscarriage. The Royal Society of Medicine Health Encyclopedia. London. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2000.
  41. Encyclopedia: Abortion. Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945. Santa Barbara, California. 1999. Routledge. 1. 978-1579581664.
  42. Warren, M. A. "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion". Monist 57:1 (1973): 43-61. Reprinted in Mappes and DeGrazia 2001: 456-463.