Dechlorane plus explained

Dechlorane plus (abbrev. DDC-CO[1]) is a polychlorinated flame retardant produced by Oxychem.

Its log P is 11.27±0.94.[2]

It is produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of two equivalents of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with one equivalent of cyclooctadiene. The syn and anti isomer are formed in the approximate ratio of 1:3.[3] [4]

Environmental concerns

Dechlorane plus was first found in the environment in 2006 in air around the Great Lakes.[5] Since then, its environmental occurrence has been further documented in several studies including sediments of the Great Lakes;[6] zooplankton, fish, and mussels in Lake Winnipeg and Lake Ontario;[7] air and seawater from the Arctic to Antarctica;[8] and Chinese air.[9] In 2011, modeling data indicated that Dechlorane Plus may be persistent, bioaccumulative, and subject to long-range transport.[10] The 2023 Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants took the decision to eliminate the use of Dechlorane Plus, by listing this chemical in Annex A to the Convention.[11]

Dechlorane plus was added to the list of REACH Substances of Very High Concern on January 15, 2018.[12]

Literature

References

  1. 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.003. 22982223. 3483428. A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals. Environment International. 49. 57–82. 2012. Bergman . Å. . Rydén . A. . Law . R. J. . De Boer . J. . Covaci . A. . Alaee . M. . Birnbaum . L. . Petreas . M. . Rose . M. . Sakai . S. . Van Den Eede . N. . Van Der Veen . I. .
  2. Web site: 1,6,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,17,18,18-dodecachloropent... - Registration Dossier - ECHA. echa.europa.eu. en-GB. 2020-03-18.
  3. 10.1021/es2003028. 21574656. Dechlorane Plus and Related Compounds in the Environment: A Review. Environmental Science & Technology. 45. 12. 5088–5098. 2011. Sverko . E. . Tomy . G. T. . Reiner . E. J. . Li . Y. F. . McCarry . B. E. . Arnot . J. A. . Law . R. J. . Hites . R. A. . 2011EnST...45.5088S.
  4. 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)92688-1. Tandem reverse-electron-demand diels-alder reactions of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Tetrahedron Letters. 32. 28. 3289–3292. 1991. Garcia . J. G. . Fronczek . F. R. . McLaughlin . M. L. .
  5. Hoh. Eunha. Lingyan Zhu . Ronald A. Hites . Dechlorane Plus, a chlorinated flame retardant, in the Great Lakes. Environmental Science & Technology. 2006. 40. 4. 1184–1189. 10.1021/es051911h. 16572773. 2006EnST...40.1184H.
  6. Sverko. Ed. Gregg T. Tomy . Chris H. Marvin . Donna Zaruk . Eric Reiner . Paul A. Helm . Brad Hill . Brian E. McCarry . Dechlorane plus levels in sediment of the lower Great Lakes. Environmental Science & Technology. 2007. 42. 2. 361–366 . 10.1021/es0710104. 18284131.
  7. Tomy. Gregg. Kerri Pleskach . Nargis Ismail . D. Michael Whittle . Paul A. Helm . E. D. Sverko . Donna Zaruk . Chris H. Marvin . Isomers of dechlorane plus in Lake Winnipeg and Lake Ontario food webs. Environmental Science & Technology. 2007. 41. 7. 2249–2254. 10.1021/es062781v. 17438771. 2007EnST...41.2249T.
  8. Möller. Axel. Zhiyong Xie . Renate Sturm . Ralf Ebinghaus . Large-scale distribution of Dechlorane Plus in air and seawater from the Arctic to Antarctica. Environmental Science & Technology. 2010. 44. 23. 8977–8982. 10.1021/es103047n. 21047104. 2010EnST...44.8977M.
  9. Ren. Nanqi . Ed Sverko . Yi-Fan Li . Zhi Zhang . Tom Harner . Degao Wang . Xinnan Wan . Brian E. McCarry. Levels and isomer profiles of Dechlorane Plus in Chinese air. Environmental Science & Technology. 2008. 42. 17. 6476–6480. 10.1021/es800479c. 18800517 . 2008EnST...42.6476R .
  10. Sverko. Ed . Gregg T. Tomy . Eric J. Reiner . Yi-Fan Li . Brian E. McCarry . Jon A. Arnot . Robin J. Law . Ronald A. Hites. Dechlorane plus and related compounds in the environment: a review. Environmental Science & Technology. 2011. 45. 12. 5088–5098. 10.1021/es2003028. 21574656 . 2011EnST...45.5088S .
  11. Web site: Governments accelerate action and take bold decisions to address pollution from chemicals and wastes . Secretariat of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions . 6 July 2023 . May 15, 2023.
  12. Web site: 1,6,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,17,18,18-Dodecachloropentacyclo[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octadeca-7,15-diene ("Dechlorane Plus"™) - Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation - ECHA]. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA. January 16, 2018.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dechlorane plus".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.