Deb Haaland Explained

Deb Haaland
Office:54th United States Secretary of the Interior
President:Joe Biden
Deputy:Tommy Beaudreau
Laura Daniel-Davis (acting)
Term Start:March 16, 2021
Predecessor:David Bernhardt
State2:New Mexico
Term Start2:January 3, 2019
Term End2:March 16, 2021
Predecessor2:Michelle Lujan Grisham
Successor2:Melanie Stansbury
Office3:Chair of the New Mexico Democratic Party
Term End3:April 29, 2017
Term Start3:April 25, 2015
Predecessor3:Sam Bregman
Successor3:Richard Ellenberg
Birth Name:Debra Anne Haaland
Birth Date:2 December 1960
Birth Place:Winslow, Arizona, U.S.
Nationality:American
Laguna Pueblo
Party:Democratic
Children:1
Education:University of New Mexico (BA, JD)
Signature:DebHaalandSignature.png

Debra Anne Haaland (;[1] born December 2, 1960) is an American politician serving as the 54th United States Secretary of the Interior.[2] A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as the U.S. representative for New Mexico's 1st congressional district from 2019 to 2021 and as chair of the New Mexico Democratic Party from 2015 to 2017. Haaland, a Native American, is an enrolled member of the Laguna Pueblo tribe.

Haaland's congressional district included most of Albuquerque and most of its suburbs. Along with Sharice Davids, she is one of the first two Native American women elected to the U.S. Congress. She is a political progressive who supports the Green New Deal and Medicare for All.[3] [4]

On December 17, 2020, then-President-elect Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Haaland to serve as Secretary of the Interior. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 15, 2021, by a vote of 51–40. Following her swearing-in on March 16, she became the first Native American to serve as a Cabinet secretary and the second to serve in the Cabinet, after Republican former vice president and Kaw Nation citizen Charles Curtis.[5] [6]

Early life and education

Haaland was born in Winslow, Arizona.[7] [8] She is an enrolled member of the Laguna Pueblo.[9] The Pueblo people have lived on the land that is now the state of New Mexico since the 1200s and Haaland identifies herself as a 35th-generation New Mexican.[10] Her mother, Mary Toya, a Native American woman, served in the United States Navy and also worked in the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[11] Her father, Major John David "Dutch" Haaland, a Norwegian Minnesotan, was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and recipient of the Silver Star for his actions in Vietnam; he was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery in 2005.[12] [13] [14]

As a child in a military family, Haaland moved frequently.[15] She attended 13 public schools across the United States before the family settled in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be close to family who also belong to the Laguna Pueblo.[16] Haaland graduated from Highland High School in Albuquerque in 1978. She has two sisters, a brother, and two half-sisters.

After high school, Haaland worked at a local bakery. She struggled with alcoholism during this period, including two arrests for driving under the influence, but has been sober since enrolling in college in 1988.[17] She earned her Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of New Mexico in 1994.[18] [19] Her professors included future United States Poet Laureate Joy Harjo, who published Haaland's poetry in a 1997 anthology.[20] [21]

Four days after graduation, Haaland gave birth to her child, Somáh. As a single mother, Haaland started a salsa company to support herself and her child.[22] [23] At times during this period, she has said, she did not earn enough money to afford housing and had to rely on friends for shelter. She says she also relied on food stamps at times. Haaland earned her Juris Doctor in Indian law from the University of New Mexico School of Law in 2006, but narrowly failed the bar exam later that year.[24] [25]

Early career

After law school, Haaland became a counselor for adults with developmental disabilities, then served as a tribal administrator and casino manager in San Felipe Pueblo. She was the first woman to serve on the board of the Laguna Development Corporation, a Laguna-owned business created to strengthen the Laguna Community and its economy. As chairwoman of the board, she oversaw business operations for the second-largest tribal gaming enterprise in New Mexico[26] and successfully advocated for the corporation to create policies and commitments to earth-friendly business practices.

Haaland was New Mexico's vote director for Native Americans in Barack Obama's 2012 presidential reelection campaign. She was the chair of the Native American Caucus of the Democratic Party of New Mexico from 2012 to 2013.[27] She ran for Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico in 2014.[28] Her ticket, headed by then-Attorney General of New Mexico Gary King, the Democratic nominee for Governor of New Mexico, lost to the Republican ticket of Governor Susana Martinez and Lieutenant Governor John Sanchez.[29] [30]

Haaland was elected to a two-year term as the chair of the Democratic Party of New Mexico in April 2015.[31] [32] During her tenure, New Mexico Democrats regained control of the New Mexico House of Representatives and the office of the New Mexico Secretary of State.[33] Haaland has been credited with rebuilding the state party after large defeats for Democrats in New Mexico in 2014.[34] She raised enough money during her two-year term as chair to pay off seven years' worth of debt incurred under previous chairs.

U.S. House of Representatives

See also: List of Native Americans in the United States Congress.

Elections

2018

After the expiration of her term as state party chair, Haaland announced her intention to run for the United States House of Representatives in in the 2018 elections, to succeed Michelle Lujan Grisham, who was running for governor.[35] Haaland defeated Damon Martinez and Antoinette Sedillo Lopez to win the Democratic Party nomination in June 2018,[36] receiving 40.5% of the vote and winning every county in the district.[37] [38]

In the November 6 general election, Haaland defeated former New Mexico State Representative Janice Arnold-Jones,[39] receiving 59.1% of the vote and winning three of the district's five counties.[40] [41] Her victory was part of a sweep of New Mexico that saw Democrats win every statewide and federal office on the ballot that year, along with expanding their majority in the New Mexico House of Representatives.[42] [43]

2020

In the November 3 general election, Haaland received 58.2% of the vote defeating retired police detective Michelle Garcia Holmes, who ran for Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico in the 2018 gubernatorial election.[44]

Tenure

With Representative Sharice Davids of Kansas, a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Minnesota, elected simultaneously, Haaland was one of the first two Native American women to be seated in Congress.[45] [46] [47] During the swearing-in ceremony in January 2019, Haaland wore traditional Pueblo dress, necklace and moccasins.[48]

Later that month, Haaland said that students from Covington Catholic High School had displayed "blatant hate, disrespect, and intolerance” during the 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[49] [50] A libel lawsuit brought by students of the school that called Haaland's words "false and defaming" was dismissed on the grounds that her statements were made in the scope of her employment as a legislator.[51] [52] [53] [54]

On March 7, 2019, during a debate on voting rights and campaign finance, Haaland became the first Native American woman to preside over the U.S. House of Representatives.[55] [56]

During the 116th United States Congress, Haaland "co-sponsored more bills than any other freshman in Congress, and compiled one of the most liberal voting records", according to The New Yorker.

Haaland served as one of three co-chairs of Elizabeth Warren's 2020 presidential campaign.[57]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Secretary of the Interior

Nomination and confirmation

On December 17, 2020, incoming President Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Haaland as Secretary of the Interior.[63] Before Biden nominated Haaland, many senior Democrats had voiced their support for her as Secretary of the Interior, including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and Senator Elizabeth Warren. Republican representatives Don Young and Tom Cole (a member of the Chickasaw Nation) also expressed their support for Haaland's nomination.[64] [65] [66] On March 15, 2021, Haaland was confirmed by the Senate 51–40, with four Republicans (Collins, Murkowski, Sullivan, Graham) voting to confirm.[67] [68] She is the first Native American Cabinet secretary in U.S. history.[69] [70] [71] Her departure from the House triggered a special election in 2021. Haaland was sworn in on March 18, 2021, wearing a combination of traditional Laguna Pueblo regalia and a colorful ribbon skirt, custom-made for her by Agnes Woodward.[72] She has brought Indigenous traditions to the role, often wearing Native jewelry and decorating her office with Native art.

Tenure

On her first day as secretary, Haaland met with tribal media in a press conference organized by the department and the Native American Journalists Association, speaking about her intention to include the tribes as decisions that impact them are made.[73] In April 2021, Haaland announced a new unit within Bureau of Indian Affairs that plans to tackle the decades-long crisis of missing and murdered Native Americans, saying, "We are fully committed to assisting Tribal communities with these investigations, and the MMU will leverage every resource available to be a force-multiplier in preventing these cases from becoming cold case investigations".[74]

In May 2021, Haaland approved the new constitution of the Cherokee Nation with protections for Cherokee Freedmen.[75]

In June 2021, Haaland announced the creation of the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative. The initiative's goal is to investigate long-standing abuse in the now defunct residential boarding schools that housed Native American children under the 1819 Civilization Fund Act.[76] [77] Haaland attended a series of Road to Healing events to bring together survivors and their stories. Haaland's grandparents had also been sent to the boarding schools.

In November 2021, Haaland banned the word "squaw", a derogatory term for Native American women, from all federally owned lands, and ordered a task force to determine new names for the 650 places that currently use the word.[78] [79]

In March 2023, Haaland announced $25 million to be dedicated to bison conservation.[80]

Haaland was involved in President Biden's designation of national monuments, including Avi Kwa Ame National Monument and Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument.[81] [82]

While serving as secretary, Haaland is completing a master's degree in American Indian studies at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Personal life

Haaland has a child, Somáh, whom she raised as a single mother.[35] [83] On August 28, 2021, Haaland married her longtime partner, Skip Sayre, in Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico.[84] [85] She was previously married in her twenties.

Haaland is Catholic.[86] Her hobbies include marathon running and gourmet cooking.

Haaland suffered a broken left fibula on July 17, 2022, while hiking in Shenandoah National Park.[87]

See also

External links

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Notes and References

  1. As pronounced by Haaland in her speech to the 2020 Democratic National Convention.
  2. Web site: Secretary Deb Haaland. U.S. Department of the Interior. March 16, 2021.
  3. News: Q&A: 1st Congressional District Candidate Debra Haaland . en-US . . December 18, 2020.
  4. Web site: Connolly . Griffin . December 18, 2020 . AOC praises Biden's 'historic appointment' of first Native American to lead Interior Department . December 18, 2020 . en . The Independent.
  5. News: Lakhani . Nina . Deb Haaland confirmed as first Indigenous US cabinet secretary . March 16, 2021 . The Guardian . March 15, 2021.
  6. News: Chavez. Aliyah. Deb Haaland swearing in details announced. March 17, 2021. Ict News. March 16, 2021 . en.
  7. Web site: Candidate Conversation – Deb Haaland (D) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093043/https://insideelections.com/news/article/candidate-conversation-deb-haaland-d . November 16, 2018 . October 27, 2018 . insideelections.com . Inside Elections . Washington DC.
  8. Web site: Peters . Joey . April 26, 2015 . Haaland elected new state Democratic Party Chair . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180711230149/http://nmpoliticalreport.com/3183/haaland-elected-new-democratic-party-chair/ . July 11, 2018 . June 6, 2018 . New Mexico Political Report.
  9. Reilly . Katie . June 7, 2018 . This Single Mother Could Be the First Native American in Congress . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20200810063943/https://time.com/5304507/deb-haaland-first-native-american-congresswoman/ . August 10, 2020 . September 9, 2020.
  10. News: Jenkins . Cameron . November 11, 2020 . Deb Haaland says 'of course' she would serve as Interior secretary under Biden . . live . November 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201118063916/https://thehill.com/homenews/news/525434-deb-haaland-says-of-course-she-would-serve-as-interior-secretary-under-biden . November 18, 2020.
  11. News: Heller . Karen . July 17, 2023 . Interior Secretary Deb Haaland's charged mission of healing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230717155310/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/07/17/deb-haaland-road-to-healing/ . July 17, 2023 . May 19, 2024 . The Washington Post.
  12. Web site: March 4, 2005 . Obituaries: Haaland . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060047/http://obits.abqjournal.com/obits/show/151921 . June 22, 2018 . June 22, 2018 . Albuquerque Journal.
  13. Web site: Ellenberg . Richard . September 30, 2018 . Deb Haaland Biography, Wiki, Age, Husband, Net Worth, Daughter, Family, New Mexico's 1st congressional district Democrat Nominee . March 9, 2021 . Glob Intel . en-US . November 9, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023354/https://globintel.com/usa/deb-haaland-biography-wiki-age-husband-net-worth-daughter-family-new-mexicos-1st-congressional-district-democrat-nominee/ . dead .
  14. News: Puko . Timothy . March 4, 2021 . Interior Nominee Haaland Wins Backing from Senate Panel . . March 10, 2021.
  15. McGrady . Clyde . September 16, 2019 . Haaland recalls struggles as single mom, Thanksgiving and being homeless . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20201208013015/https://www.rollcall.com/2019/09/16/haaland-recalls-struggles-as-single-mom-thanksgiving-and-being-homeless/ . December 8, 2020 . November 23, 2020.
  16. News: Boetel . Ryan . October 10, 2020 . 'Proud progressive,' Haaland seeks 2nd term . . live . November 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201023022700/https://www.abqjournal.com/1505620/proud-progressive-haaland-seeks-2nd-term.html . October 23, 2020.
  17. News: Williamson . Elizabeth . June 2, 2021 . The Promise and Pressures of Deb Haaland, the First Native American Cabinet Secretary . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210602111436/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/us/politics/deb-haaland-interior.html . June 2, 2021 . May 19, 2024 . The New York Times.
  18. Web site: Deb Haaland's Biography . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180622035514/https://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/149368/deb-haaland . June 22, 2018 . June 22, 2018 . Vote Smart.
  19. Web site: 2018 . Debra Haaland . June 22, 2018 . .
  20. Apr 28, 2021 . Firekeeper's Daughter: A Celebration of Indigenous Literature with Angeline Boulley & Louise Erdich . Video . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/M0XuKsdkJ6M . 2021-12-13 . live. June 2, 2021 . 19:43 . YouTube . National Congress of American Indians.
  21. News: Sundeen . Mark . Mark Sundeen . March 28, 2022 . Deb Haaland's Long Game for Victory . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221218111540/https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/opinion/deb-haaland-interior-secretary-native-issues/ . December 18, 2022 . May 21, 2024 . Outside.
  22. News: Heild . Colleen . October 1, 2018 . Haaland says she shares struggles of many in NM . . live . November 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200830204345/https://www.abqjournal.com/1227787/haaland-says-she-shares-struggles-of-many-in-nm.html . August 30, 2020.
  23. News: Dlouhy . Jennifer A. . Epstein . Jennifer . December 17, 2020 . Biden Picks Deb Haaland to Be First Native American Secretary of Interior . en . . December 17, 2020.
  24. News: Oxford . Andrew . May 2, 2017 . Haaland, former Dem Party state chairwoman, running for Congress . . live . June 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181023074832/http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/haaland-former-dem-party-state-chairwoman-running-for-congress/article_c99ed6c6-4b18-59bd-9b3d-a14c557bfc50.html . October 23, 2018.
  25. Cep . Casey . Casey Cep . April 29, 2024 . Deb Haaland Confronts the History of the Federal Agency She Leads . limited . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240429105619/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/05/06/deb-haaland-confronts-the-history-of-the-federal-agency-she-leads . April 29, 2024 . May 19, 2024 . The New Yorker.
  26. Web site: Oestreich . Corrine . April 27, 2019 . Interview with Deb Haaland – 2019 Gathering of Nations Pow Wow . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190428152303/https://www.powwows.com/interview-with-deb-haaland-2019-gathering-of-nations-pow-wow/ . April 28, 2019 . November 23, 2020 . powwows.com.
  27. Web site: Dunlap . Susan . May 27, 2020 . NY Times highlights Congresswoman Deb Haaland . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201130121010/https://nmpoliticalreport.com/2020/05/27/ny-times-highlights-congresswoman-deb-haaland/ . November 30, 2020 . November 22, 2020 . NM Political Report.
  28. News: November 28, 2012 . Debra Haaland Could Make History as Lt. Gov. of NM – IndianCountryToday.com . Ict News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142846/https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/debra-haaland-could-make-history-as-lt-gov-of-nm-u0hzoqZzxEOQLyolDIuIfQ/ . June 12, 2018 . June 6, 2018 . Newsmaven.io.
  29. Web site: New Mexico gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181113060254/https://ballotpedia.org/New_Mexico_Gubernatorial_and_Lieutenant_Gubernatorial_election,_2014 . November 13, 2018 . September 9, 2020 . Ballotpedia . en.
  30. Web site: Past Election Results 2014. New Mexico Secretary of State. March 16, 2021. en-US.
  31. Web site: Terrell . Steve . April 25, 2015 . State Democrats elect first American Indian to lead party . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181116031504/http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/state-democrats-elect-first-american-indian-to-lead-party/article_b2827808-b4e3-5e0f-a62f-f832134a8ddd.html . November 16, 2018 . June 6, 2018 . The Santa Fe New Mexican.
  32. News: Baker . Deborah . April 26, 2015 . Democrats elect Haaland state party chairwoman . . live . June 8, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135959/https://www.abqjournal.com/575217/dems-elect-chairwoman.html . June 12, 2018.
  33. Stuart . Tessa . August 18, 2018 . Meet Deb Haaland, Likely to Be the First Native Woman Elected to Congress . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20201109010421/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/deb-haaland-first-native-woman-elected-congress-712408/ . November 9, 2020 . November 22, 2020.
  34. Web site: Simonich . Milan . November 22, 2020 . For all-time comebacks, Haaland is a contender . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123175648/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/for-all-time-comebacks-haaland-is-a-contender/article_95a3e154-28e9-11eb-bef8-33286bb2d245.html . November 23, 2020 . November 23, 2020 . Santa Fe New Mexican.
  35. News: Boyd . Dan . May 16, 2017 . Former state Democratic Party chairwoman Haaland plans run for Congress . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135849/https://www.abqjournal.com/1003900/haaland-plans-run-for-congress.html . June 12, 2018 . June 8, 2018 . Albuquerque Journal.
  36. News: Coleman . Michael . June 5, 2018 . Past Democratic Party chair Haaland wins nomination . . live . June 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162104/https://www.abqjournal.com/1180950/haaland-wins-democratic-primary-in-1st-district.html . June 12, 2018.
  37. Web site: New Mexico Election Results . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124404/http://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us/resultsCTY.aspx?eid=112&type=FED&rid=4526&pty=DEM&osn=190&map=CTY . January 4, 2019 . January 4, 2019 . electionresults.sos.state.nm.us.
  38. News: New Mexico Primary Election Results: First House District . The New York Times . June 11, 2018 . live . January 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104125807/https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/new-mexico-house-district-1-primary-election . January 4, 2019 . 0362-4331.
  39. Web site: November 7, 2018 . Native American Democrat Debra Haaland beats GOP's Janice Arnold-Jones, earns groundbreaking US House win in New Mexico . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104175616/https://www.apnews.com/97669d6800a94c8bb7e5830149503e69 . January 4, 2019 . January 4, 2019 . AP NEWS.
  40. Web site: New Mexico Election Results . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124412/http://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us/resultsCTY.aspx?type=FED&rid=4899&osn=190&map=CTY . January 4, 2019 . January 4, 2019 . electionresults.sos.state.nm.us.
  41. News: New Mexico Election Results: First House District . The New York Times . live . January 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124045/https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/new-mexico-house-district-1 . January 4, 2019 . 0362-4331.
  42. Web site: June 14, 2019 . 2018 Election Results Statewide Summary . November 23, 2020 . New Mexico Secretary of State.
  43. Web site: Reichbach . Matthew . November 7, 2018 . Democrats expand state House majority . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124060625/https://nmpoliticalreport.com/2018/11/07/democrats-expand-house-majority/ . November 24, 2020 . November 23, 2020 . NM Political Report.
  44. News: Turner . Scott . October 25, 2019 . Garcia Holmes enters U.S. House race . . December 24, 2020.
  45. Reilly . Kate . November 7, 2018 . Democrats in Kansas, New Mexico Become First Native American Women Elected to Congress . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190112211003/http://time.com/5446593/sharice-davids-deb-haaland-first-native-american-woman-congress/ . January 12, 2019 . January 3, 2019.
  46. Moore . McKnna . June 7, 2018 . The U.S. Could Be Getting Its First Native American Congresswoman in November . . https://web.archive.org/web/20180813143513/http://fortune.com/2018/06/07/deb-haaland-new-mexico/ . August 13, 2018 . August 13, 2018.
  47. Web site: Romero . Simon . June 6, 2018 . New Mexico Could Elect First Native American Woman to Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180625220947/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/06/us/deb-haaland-new-mexico-congress.html . June 25, 2018 . June 25, 2018 . The New York Times.
  48. News: Mettler . Lyn . January 4, 2019 . Rep. Debra Haaland wears traditional Native American dress to swearing-in ceremony . . live . January 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190109161027/https://www.today.com/style/rep-debra-haaland-wears-traditional-native-american-dress-swearing-t146280 . January 9, 2019.
  49. News: January 20, 2019 . Video of US teenagers taunting Native American draws fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215180719/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46935701 . February 15, 2024 . May 20, 2024 . BBC.
  50. News: Gstalter . Morgan . January 19, 2019 . Haaland condemns students' behavior toward Native elder at Indigenous Peoples March . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190120043159/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/426160-haaland-condemns-students-behavior-toward-native-elder-at/ . January 20, 2019 . May 20, 2024 . The Hill.
  51. News: McKee . Chris . August 5, 2019 . NM Congresswoman Haaland facing lawsuit over 'Covington Boys' tweets . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190807130551/https://www.krqe.com/news/albuquerque-metro/nm-congresswoman-haaland-facing-lawsuit-over-covington-boys-tweets/ . August 7, 2019 . May 20, 2024 . KRQE.
  52. News: Londberg . Max . August 2, 2019 . Libel suit filed against Kathy Griffin, Elizabeth Warren and others who tweeted about Covington Catholic incident . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240205031620/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/08/02/covington-catholic-students-file-libel-suit-vs-journalists-celebrities/1899474001/ . February 5, 2024 . May 20, 2024 . The Cincinnati Enquirer.
  53. News: Hayes . Peter . September 3, 2020 . Elizabeth Warren Beats Covington Students' Defamation Suit . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214140500/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/elizabeth-warren-beats-covington-students-defamation-suit . February 14, 2024 . May 20, 2024 . Bloomberg Law.
  54. News: Volokh . Eugene . Eugene Volokh . September 13, 2020 . Libel Lawsuits Against Federal Government Officials (E.g., Senator Warren or President Trump) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201101081332/https://reason.com/volokh/2020/09/13/libel-lawsuits-against-federal-government-officials-e-g-senator-warren-or-president-trump/ . November 1, 2020 . May 20, 2024 . Reason.
  55. Web site: Frazin . Rachel . March 7, 2019 . First Native American Congresswoman presides over House . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190308000729/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/433095-first-native-american-congresswoman-presides-over-house . March 8, 2019 . March 8, 2019 . The Hill.
  56. Web site: Kasana . Mehreen . March 7, 2019 . Watch Deb Haaland Become The First Native American Woman To Preside Over The House . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085608/https://www.bustle.com/p/video-of-deb-haaland-presiding-over-the-house-is-a-profound-moment-in-history-16821714 . March 27, 2019 . March 8, 2019 . Bustle.
  57. Web site: What Elizabeth Warren's Campaign Cochairs Have Learned on the Trail . Glamour . 26 August 2021 . 11 February 2020.
  58. Web site: January 15, 2019 . Pelosi Announces New Appointments to Committees for the 116th Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190116175422/https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/11419-3/ . January 16, 2019 . January 25, 2019 . Speaker Nancy Pelosi.
  59. Web site: January 24, 2019 . Pelosi Announces New Appointments to Committees for the 116th Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183307/https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/12319-6/ . January 25, 2019 . January 25, 2019 . Speaker Nancy Pelosi.
  60. Web site: December 17, 2019 . Pelosi Announces New Appointments to the Oversight and Reform Committee for the 116th Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191218064351/https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/121719-2 . December 18, 2019 . December 19, 2019 . Speaker Nancy Pelosi.
  61. News: Corley . Sarah . Salazar . Felicia . January 31, 2019 . Native American Caucus leadership established for 116th Congress . . live . February 1, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190201014557/https://www.theadanews.com/news/local_news/native-american-caucus-leadership-established-for-th-congress/article_ccc1bea7-d66d-5a83-a52c-c3764f831d11.html . February 1, 2019.
  62. Web site: Congressional Progressive Caucus: Caucus Members . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200323191920/https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/caucus-members/ . March 23, 2020 . February 11, 2019 . cpc-grijalva.house.gov.
  63. News: Eilperin . Juliet . Grandoni . Dino . Biden picks Rep. Deb Haaland (D-N.M.) to be first Native American interior secretary . en-US . . live . December 17, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201217200955/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/12/17/deb-haaland-interior-secretary-biden/ . December 17, 2020 . 0190-8286.
  64. Web site: Broadwater . Luke . Fandos . Nicholas . December 16, 2020 . Pelosi backs Haaland for interior secretary, calling her 'one of the best' members of Congress. . December 18, 2020 . . en.
  65. Web site: Zeleny . Jeff . Merica . Dan . Krieg . Gregory . Lee . MJ . Sullivan . Kate . December 18, 2020 . Biden taps Deb Haaland as first Native American interior secretary . December 18, 2020 . CNN.
  66. Web site: Noisecat . Julian Brave . Julian Brave NoiseCat. November 30, 2020 . What a Joe Biden Cabinet Pick Might Mean for Native Americans – and Democrats . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201130231208/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/11/30/deb-haaland-native-americans-interior-biden-440916 . November 30, 2020 . November 30, 2020 . . en.
  67. Web site: King. Ledyard. Deb Haaland makes history as first Native American Cabinet member after Senate confirmation. March 16, 2021. USA TODAY. en-US.
  68. Web site: Higgins . Tucker . March 15, 2021 . Deb Haaland confirmed as first Native American Cabinet secretary . March 15, 2021 . CNBC . en.
  69. News: Dlouhy . Jennifer A. . Epstein . Jennifer . December 17, 2020 . Biden Picks Deb Haaland to Be First Native American Secretary of Interior . en . . December 17, 2020.
  70. Web site: Rott . Nathan . December 17, 2020 . In Historic Move, Biden To Pick Native American Rep. Haaland As Interior Secretary . December 17, 2020 . . en.
  71. Web site: Ortiz . Erik . December 18, 2020 . "They feel hope": Why Rep. Haaland, nominated as first Native American interior secretary, is meaningful . December 19, 2020 . NBC News . en.
  72. Web site: Rep. Debra Haaland wore Indigenous dress as she made Cabinet history . TODAY.com . March 19, 2021 . March 19, 2021.
  73. Web site: On day one, Haaland addresses Indigenous media: Tribal journalists given first opportunity to interview first Indigenous secretary of Interior. Graham Lee . Brewer. High Country News. March 18, 2021. April 1, 2023.
  74. Web site: Deb Haaland creates unit to investigate killings and disappearances of Indigenous people . Nicole . Chavez . . April 6, 2021 . April 7, 2021.
  75. Web site: Secretary Haaland Approves New Constitution for Cherokee Nation, Guaranteeing Full Citizenship Rights for Cherokee Freedmen. May 12, 2021. U.S. Department of the Interior . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231009035636/https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-haaland-approves-new-constitution-cherokee-nation-guaranteeing-full . Oct 9, 2023 .
  76. Secretary Haaland Announces Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative. U.S. Department of the Interior . 22 June 2021. 23 June 2021.
  77. News: U.S. to Search Former Native American Schools for Children's Remains. Hauser . Grullón Paz . Christine . Isabella . subscription . The New York Times. 23 June 2021.
  78. News: Interior Secretary Deb Haaland moves to ban the word 'squaw' from federal lands. NPR. November 19, 2021. Chappell. Bill . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921153508/https://www.npr.org/2021/11/19/1057367325/interior-secretary-deb-haaland-moves-to-ban-the-word-squaw-from-federal-lands . Sep 21, 2023 .
  79. News: The U.S. looks to replace a derogatory name used hundreds of times on federal lands . NPR. February 23, 2022. Torchinsky. Rina . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231204233857/https://www.npr.org/2022/02/23/1082579779/interior-department-derogatory-term . Dec 4, 2023 .
  80. News: Brown . Matthew . March 3, 2023 . US to focus bison restoration on expanding tribal herds . AP . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230329142955/https://apnews.com/article/bison-restoration-tribes-haaland-6f5ad9227c70377a94a2a4efc809f3d8 . Mar 29, 2023 .
  81. Web site: September 8, 2022 . Interior Secretary visits possible Avi Kwa Ame national monument landscape in Nevada . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201061838/https://www.wilderness.org/articles/press-release/interior-secretary-visits-possible-avi-kwa-ame-national-monument-landscape-nevada . December 1, 2022 . 2022-12-01 . The Wilderness Society . en.
  82. Web site: 2023-05-22 . Secretary Haaland Highlights Locally Led Conservation Efforts in Visit to Grand Canyon Region . 2023-08-08 . U.S. Department of the Interior . en.
  83. Web site: June 26, 2015 . NM Democratic Chair Haaland Statement On Marriage Equality . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141344/http://krwg.org/post/nm-democratic-chair-haaland-statement-marriage-equality . June 12, 2018 . June 8, 2018 . KRWG.
  84. August 29, 2021 . Sec. Deb Haaland Marries Long-Time Partner In Weekend Ceremony In New Mexico . The Paper (Albuquerque, NM) . October 11, 2021.
  85. Web site: August 30, 2021 . Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, partner wed in New Mexico . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210830162019/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Interior-Secretary-Deb-Haaland-partner-wed-in-16422633.php . August 30, 2021 . August 30, 2021 . SFGATE.
  86. News: Gstalter . Morgan . January 19, 2019 . Haaland condemns students' behavior toward Native elder at Indigenous Peoples March . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190404054655/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/426160-haaland-condemns-students-behavior-toward-native-elder-at . April 4, 2019 . April 4, 2019 . The Hill.
  87. News: Interior Secretary Deb Haaland breaks leg while hiking in national park . 2022-07-18 . Amy B Wang . . Washington, D.C. . 0190-8286 . 1330888409.