Deaths in October 1991 explained
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 1991.
Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:
- Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.
October 1991
1
2
- Hazen Argue, 70, Canadian politician.
- Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 73, Spanish novelist, playwright and essayist.[3]
- Patriarch Demetrios I of Constantinople, 77, Turkish archbishop, heart attack.[4]
- Lloyd Kirkham Garrison, 93, American lawyer.[5]
- Jim Handby, 88, Australian footballer and politician.
- Peter Heyworth, 70, American-British music critic and biographer, stroke.[6]
3
- Max Cantor, 32, American journalist and actor (Dirty Dancing), heroin overdose.[7]
- Ed Dancker, 77, American basketball player.[8]
- Fazle Haq, 63, Pakistani general and politician, assassinated.
- Paule Herreman, 72, Belgian actress and television presenter.
- John Hood, 87, Australian diplomat.
- Gia Nadareishvili, 70, Soviet and Georgian chess player and author on chess studies.
4
5
- Jørgen Beck, 76, Danish actor.
- Martin Ennals, 64, British human rights activist.[11]
- Ramnath Goenka, 87, Indian newspaper publisher.[12]
- Milan Milišić, 50, Yugoslav writer, shelling.
- Hope Portocarrero, 62, American-Nicaraguan socialite, First Lady of Nicaragua (1967–1972, 1974–1979), cancer.[13]
6
- Elaine Burton, Baroness Burton of Coventry, 87, British politician.
- Roger Forsythe, 36, American fashion designer, AIDS.[14]
- Alphonse Gallegos, 60, American Roman Catholic bishop, traffic accident.[15]
- Mark Shevelev, 86, Soviet pilot during World War II and polar aviation pioneer.
- Igor Talkov, 34, Soviet singer, shot.[16]
7
- Leo Durocher, 86, American baseball player and manager.[17]
- Alan Fletcher, 84, Australian politician.
- Natalia Ginzburg, 75, Italian writer and politician, cancer.[18]
- Darren Millane, 26, Australian rules football player, traffic collision.
- Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi, 61, Argentine writer and philosopher.
- Prentiss Taylor, 83, American illustrator, lithographer, and painter.[19]
8
- Ed Hanyzewski, 71, American baseball player.[20]
- Edward Skórzewski, 61, Polish film director and screenwriter.[21]
- Lyall Smith, 76, American sports writer and editor.
- Zoska Veras, 99, Belarusian writer and poet.
- Maria Zubreeva, 91, Soviet painter, watercolorist, and graphic artist.
9
- Roy Black, 48, German schlager singer and actor, heart failure.[22]
- Dagmar Lange, 77, Swedish author of crime fiction.
- Camille Libar, 73, Luxembourgian football player and manager.[23]
- Doris Lilly, 69, American newspaper columnist and writer, cancer.[24]
- Thalmus Rasulala, 51, American actor (Blacula, One Life to Live, New Jack City), heart attack.[25]
10
- Victor Christgau, 97, American politician.[26]
- Pío Cabanillas Gallas, 67, Spanish jurist and politician, heart attack.[27]
- Nickolaus Hirschl, 85, Austrian wrestler and Olympic medalist.[28]
- Yaroslav Lesiv, 46, Ukrainian poet and priest, traffic collision.
- Bob Morgan, 61, American gridiron football player.[29]
- Gamble Rogers, 54, American musician, drowned.[30]
- Andrzej Zaucha, 42, Polish rhythm & blues and pop-jazz singer, and actor, shot.
11
- Gene Barth, 61, American football player.
- Pietro Ferraris, 79, Italian football player.[31]
- Ron Ferrier, 77, English footballer.[32]
- Redd Foxx, 68, American actor (Sanford and Son, The Redd Foxx Show, Harlem Nights), heart attack.[33]
- Luke Higgins, 70, American gridiron football player.[34]
- Clay Kirby, 43, American baseball player, heart attack.[35]
- Branislav Mihajlović, 54, Serbian football player.
- Lidiya Sukharevskaya, 82, Soviet stage actress and playwright.
- Carroll Williams, 74, American zoologist, lymphoma.
12
- Ian Ayre, 62, Australian tennis player.
- Narciso Horacio Doval, 47, Argentine football player, heart attack.
- Sheila Florance, 75, Australian actress, lung cancer.
- Diana Gibson, 76, American film actress.[36]
- Aline MacMahon, 92, American actress (Dragon Seed), pneumonia.[37]
- Taso Mathieson, 83, British racing driver and author of automotive history books.[38]
- Regis Toomey, 93, American actor (The Big Sleep, Guys and Dolls, Spellbound).[39]
- Grigoris Vlastos, 84, Greek scholar of ancient philosophy.[40]
13
- William Gentry, 92, New Zealand Military Forces general.[41]
- Donald Houston, 67, Welsh actor (Clash of the Titans, Where Eagles Dare, The Blue Lagoon), stroke.[42]
- Hugh Molson, Baron Molson, 88, British politician.
- Daniel Oduber Quirós, 70, Costa Rican politician, president (1974–1978).[43]
- Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, 59, Spanish politician and businessman.[44]
14
- Thomas H. Eliot, 84, American lawyer, politician, and academic.[45]
- Walter M. Elsasser, 87, German-American physicist.[46]
- Richard Hittleman, 64, American yoga teacher and author.
- Jay Richard Kennedy, 80, American writer, screenwriter, composer, and record executive.[47]
- David Neville, 83, Canadian ice hockey player.[48]
15
- Antonio Canale, 76, Italian comic writer and artist.
- John Greenway, 71, American folklorist and folk singer.[49]
- Verda James, 90, Canadian-American politician.
- Robert Pastene, 73, American actor.[50]
- Han Ying-chieh, 64, Hong Kong actor, cancer.
16
- Arthur E. Arling, 85, American cameraman and cinematographer.[51]
- Ole Beich, 36, Danish bassist (Guns N' Roses), drowned.
- Lore Fischer, 80, German singer.[52]
- Giacomo Mari, 66, Italian football player.[53]
- Boris Papandopulo, 85, Croatian composer.[54]
- Barry Wong, 44, Hong Kong screenwriter, film producer and actor, heart attack.
- Blago Zadro, 47, Croatian army officer, killed in action.
17
- John C. Bailar, Jr., 87, American chemist and academic.[55]
- J. G. Devlin, 84, Northern Irish actor.
- Tennessee Ernie Ford, 72, American singer ("Sixteen Tons", "The Shotgun Boogie"), liver failure.[56]
- Władysław Giergiel, 74, Polish football player.
- Håkon Johnsen, 77, Norwegian politician.
- Harlan James Smith, 67, American astronomer.
- Piet van Est, 57, Dutch cyclist.[57]
18
- Enrico Boniforti, 73, Italian football player.
- Stephen Dickson, 40, American baritone, complications from AIDS.[58]
- Bronisław Gosztyła, 56, Polish ice hockey player.[59]
- Judith Sulian, 71, Argentine film actress.
- Gunnar Sønstevold, 78, Norwegian composer.
19
- Walter Gericke, 83, German Luftwaffe officer during World War II.
- Henry Holst, 92, Danish violinist.
- Gheorghe Pahonțu, 58, Romanian football player.[60]
- Howard Swearer, 59, American academic, cancer.[61]
- Naum Vilenkin, 70, Soviet mathematician.
20
- Georges Beuchat, 81, French inventor, businessman, and underwater diving pioneer.[62]
- Marcus Goodrich, 93, American screenwriter.
- Clifford Last, 72, English sculptor.[63]
- Susan Noel, 79, English squash and tennis player.
- J. Graham Parsons, 83, American diplomat.[64]
- Yehuda Tzadka, 81, Israeli rabbi and rosh yeshiva.
21
- Lorenc Antoni, 82, Kosovo Albanian composer, conductor, and ethnomusicologist.
- Louis Calabro, 64, Italian American orchestral composer.[65]
- Lev Chegorovsky, 77, Soviet and Russian artist.
- Bobby Coombs, 83, American baseball player.[66]
- Jim Hamby, 94, American baseball player.[67]
22
- Steven "Jesse" Bernstein, 40, American writer and performance artist, suicide by exsanguination.[68]
- Robert Carlin, 90, Canadian politician.
- Joy Harington, 77, English television actress, writer, producer, and director.
- Hachiro Kasuga, 67, Japanese singer.[69]
- Judy Kelly, 77, Australian-British actress.
23
24
- Ismat Chughtai, 76, Indian Urdu novelist, humanist and filmmaker.[73]
- J. A. Milton Perera, 62, Sri Lankan singer and composer.
- Gene Roddenberry, 70, American television producer (Star Trek), cardiac arrest.[74]
- Vilko Ukmar, 86, Slovenian composer.[75]
- Luisa Vehil, 78, Uruguayan theater and movie actress.
25
- Albert Baldauf, 73, German politician and member of the Bundestag.
- George Brunet, 56, American baseball player.[76]
- Khigh Dhiegh, 81, American actor (Hawaii Five-O, The Manchurian Candidate, Seconds).[77]
- Bill Graham, 60, German-American impresario, helicopter crash.[78]
- Louis le Grange, 63, Lawyer, a South African politician.
- Tamaz Namgalauri, 34, Georgian judoka and Olympian.[79]
- John Stratton, 65, British actor.
- Walter Stude, 77, American field hockey player and Olympian.[80]
26
- Henry Wilson Allen, 79, American writer and screenwriter, pneumonia.[81]
- Bill Bevens, 75, American baseball player, lymphoma.[82]
- Vivian Dandridge, 70, American singer, actress and dancer, stroke.
- Major Holley, 67, American jazz bassist.[83]
- Ed Justice, 78, American gridiron football player.[84]
- Enrique Sorrel, 79, Chilean football player and manager.[85]
- Tahira Tahirova, 77, Soviet politician and diplomat.
27
- George Barker, 78, English poet.[86]
- Rocky Hata, 43, Japanese professional wrestler, diabetes.
- Howard Kingsbury, 87, American Olympic rower (1924).[87]
- Pyke Koch, 90, Dutch artist.[88]
- Andrzej Panufnik, 77, Polish composer.[89]
28
- Sylvia Fine, 78, American lyricist, composer, and producer, emphysema.[90]
- Joseph Fletcher, 86, American professor.[91]
- John Kobal, 51, Austrian film historian, pneumonia.[92]
- Ilie Murgulescu, 89, Romanian physical chemist and a communist politician.
- Akram Ojjeh, 73, Syrian-Saudi businessman, diabetes.
- George Treweek, 86, Australian rugby player.
- Billy Wright, 59, American singer, pulmonary embolism.[93]
29
- Cyril Black, 89, British politician.
- Lee Boltin, 73, American photographer, leukemia.[94]
- Donald Churchill, 60, English actor and playwright, heart attack.[95]
- Jimmie Coker, 55, American baseball player, heart attack.[96]
- John DeCuir, Sr., 73, American art director and production designer (The King and I, Cleopatra, Hello, Dolly!), Oscar winner (1957, 1964, 1970).
- Hikmat Muradov, 22, Azerbaijani soldier, killed in battle.
- Nigel Poett, 84, British Army officer.
- Mario Scelba, 90, Italian politician, Prime Minister (1954–1955), thrombosis.[97]
- Johan Støa, 91, Norwegian multi-sportsman and Olympian.[98]
30
- Aniela Jaffé, 88, German-Swiss psychoanalysts.[99]
- Ellis Kolchin, 75, American mathematician and academic, pancreatic cancer.[100]
- George Lambert, 72, English cricket player.[101]
- Prince Emich, 7th Prince of Leiningen, 65, German noble and entrepreneur.
- Karl Freiherr Michel von Tüßling, 84, Nazi German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and politician.
31
- Gene Anderson, 52, American professional wrestler, heart attack.
- Ewald Bucher, 77, German politician.
- Garvin Bushell, 89, American musician and multi-instrumentalist.[102]
- Charles K.L. Davis, 66, American opera singer and musician.[103]
- Alexander Frick, 81, Liechtensteiner politician, Prime Minister (1945–1962).
- Simon Gjoni, 66, Albanian conductor, and composer.
- Frederick Hartt, 77, Italian Renaissance scholar and author.[104]
- Dick Joy, 75, American radio and television announcer.
- Agnes Katharina Maxsein, 86, German politician and member of the Bundestag.
- Joseph Papp, 70, American theatrical producer, prostate cancer.[105]
Notes and References
- Web site: Keith Ranspot Stats - Pro-Football-Reference.com . pro-football-reference.com . 9 October 2022 .
- Web site: Stu Williamson . catalogue.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 9 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Maria Aurèlia Capmany - DB~e . dbe.rah.es . Real Academia de la Historia . 9 October 2022 . es .
- Web site: Demetrios I of Constantinople . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 9 October 2022 .
- Web site: Lloyd Kirkham Garrison - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 9 October 2022 .
- Web site: Peter Heyworth - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 9 October 2022 .
- Web site: Max Cantor - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Edward Dancker NBL Stats . basketball-reference.com . 10 October 2022.
- Web site: Hellwege, Heinrich, 1908-1991 . Library of Congress . 10 October 2022.
- Web site: Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Stephen Thomas Erlewine. J. Frank Wilson | Biography . . 2015-08-18.
- News: . Martin Ennals, 64, Led a Rights Group To World Influence . 10 October 2022 . . 7 October 1991.
- Web site: Ramnath Goenka . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 10 October 2022 .
- News: Hope Somoza Baldocchi, wife of former Nicaraguan leader . . 1991-10-09 . 12 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220628202548/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/10/09/hope-somoza-baldocchi-wife-of-former-nicaraguan-leader/ . 2022-06-28 . live.
- News: Roger Forsythe, 36, Men's Wear Designer . subscription . 12 October 2022 . . 9 October 1991 . D 22.
- Web site: Alphonse Gallegos; Sacramento Bishop. 9 October 1991. LA Times. 10 October 2022.
- Web site: 6 октября 1991 года был убит поэт и музыкант Игорь Тальков . bulvar.com . 10 October 2022 . ru . 4 October 2005.
- Web site: Leo Durocher . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Natalia Ginzburg . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Prentiss Taylor - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Ed Hanyzewski Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Edward Skórzewski . catalogue.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 10 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Roy Black - filmportal.de . filmportal.de . 10 October 2022 . de .
- Web site: matchID - Camille Libar . . 10 October 2022 . fr .
- News: Bruce Lambert . Doris Lilly, 69, Gossip Columnist Who Wrote of Millionaires, Dies . subscription . 12 October 2022 . . 11 October 1991 . B 8.
- Web site: Thalmus Rasulala - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB . ibdb.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: CHRISTGAU, Victor Laurence August . bioguide.congress.gov . 12 October 2022.
- Web site: Pío Cabanillas Gallas - DB~e . dbe.rah.es . Real Academia de la Historia . 10 October 2022 . es .
- Web site: Olympedia - NikolausHirschl . olympedia.org . . 10 October 2022.
- Web site: Bob Morgan Stats - Pro-Football-Reference.com . pro-football-reference.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Gamble Rogers - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Pietro Ferraris . worldfootball.net . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Ron Ferrier . worldfootball.net . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Redd Foxx . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Luke Higgins Stats - Pro-Football-Reference.com . pro-football-reference.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Clay Kirby Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 10 October 2022 .
- News: Former owner of News dies . 12 October 2022 . The Daily News . October 13, 1991 . Pennsylvania, Lebanon . 2. Newspapers.com.
- Web site: Aline MacMahon - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB . ibdb.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: matchID - Taso Mathieson . . 10 October 2022 . fr .
- Web site: Regis Toomey - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 10 October 2022 .
- News: Bruce Lambert . Gregory Vlastos, 84, Philosopher Who Analyzed Classical Works . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 14 October 1991 . B 8.
- Web site: William Gentry - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Donald Houston - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB . ibdb.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Daniel Oduber Quirós . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún - DB~e . dbe.rah.es . Real Academia de la Historia . 10 October 2022 . es .
- News: Eleanor Blau . Thomas H. Eliot, Ex-Congressman And University Chief, Dies at 84 . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 16 October 1991 . D 26.
- Web site: Walter M. Elsasser . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 10 October 2022 .
- News: Jay R. Kennedy, 80, Writer for the Screen . subscription . 1 April 2022 . . 17 October 1991 . B 12.
- Web site: Olympedia – David Neville . olympedia.org . . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: John Greenway - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Robert Pastene - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB . ibdb.com . 10 October 2022 .
- Web site: Arthur E. Arling - filmportal.de . filmportal.de . 11 October 2022 . de .
- Web site: Lore Fischer . data.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Olympedia – Giacomo Mari . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Boris Papandopulo . data.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: John C. Bailar, Jr. - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Tennessee Ernie Ford . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Piet van Est . procyclingstats.com . 11 October 2022 .
- News: Stephen Dickson, Baritone, 40 . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 19 October 1991 . 1 11.
- Web site: Olympedia – Bronisław Gosztyła . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Gheorghe Pahonțu . worldfootball.net . 11 October 2022.
- Web site: Howard Swearer - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: matchID - Georges Beuchat . . 11 October 2022 . fr .
- Web site: Clifford Last - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- News: Eric Pace . Eric Pace . J. Graham Parsons Is Dead at 83; Former Envoy to Laos and Sweden . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 22 October 1991 . B 8.
- Web site: Louis Calabro - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Bobby Coombs Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Jim Hamby Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Steven Jesse Bernstein - Discography . discogs.com . 11 October 2022.
- Web site: Hachiro Kasuga . catalogue.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Job Stewart - Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB . ibdb.com . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Olympedia – Július Torma . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Olympedia - Alie van Leeuwen . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022.
- Web site: Ismat Chughtai . data.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Gene Roddenberry . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Vilko Ukmar . catalogue.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: George Brunet Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 11 October 2022 .
- News: 'Hawaii Five-O' villain dies of heart, kidney failure . October 27, 1991 . Deseret News . 12 October 2022.
- News: Bruce Lambert . Bill Graham, Rock Impresario, Dies at 60 in Crash . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 27 October 1991 . 1 34.
- Web site: Olympedia – Tamaz Namgalauri . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Olympedia – Walter Stude . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Henry Wilson Allen - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Bill Bevens Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Major Holley . data.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Ed Justice Stats - Pro-Football-Reference.com . pro-football-reference.com . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Enrique Sorrel . worldfootball.net . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: George Barker . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Olympedia – Howard Kingsbury . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Pyke Koch . biografischportaal.nl . 11 October 2022 . nl .
- Web site: Andrzej Panufnik . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Frauendatenbank fembio.org . fembio.org . 11 October 2022 . de .
- News: Peter Steinfels . Peter Steinfels . Dr. Joseph F. Fletcher, 86, Dies; Pioneer in Field of Medical Ethics . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 30 October 1991 . D 25.
- News: Charles Hagen . John Kobal, 51; Compiled Collection Of Hollywood Lore . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 30 October 1991 . D 25.
- Web site: Billy Wright - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- News: Lee Boltin Dies at 73; A Photographer of Art . subscription . 12 October 2022 . . 30 October 1991 . D 25.
- Web site: Donald Churchill . data.bnf.fr . Bibliothèque nationale de France . 11 October 2022 . French .
- Web site: Jimmie Coker Stats - Baseball-Reference.com . baseball-reference.com . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Mario Scelba . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: Olympedia – Johan Støa . olympedia.org . . 11 October 2022 .
- Web site: February 20 - Today in Science History - Scientists born on February 20th, died, and events. 2022-10-11. todayinsci.com.
- News: Dennis Hevesi . Prof. Ellis R. Kolchin Dies at 75; A Shaper of Differential Algebra . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 3 November 1991 . 1 46.
- Web site: George Lambert profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos . . 11 October 2022.
- Web site: Garvin Bushell - Social Networks and Archival Context . snaccooperative.org . 11 October 2022 .
- News: Wood . Ben . Charles Davis, one of a kind, was loved, respected . October 12, 2022 . Honolulu Star-Bulletin at Newspapers.com . November 3, 1991 . 76.
- News: William H. Honan . William H. Honan . Frederick Hartt, 77, Dies; Expert on Michelangelo . subscription . 11 October 2022 . . 1 November 1991 . D 18.
- Web site: Joseph Papp . britannica.com . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 11 October 2022 .