Deaths in 1985 explained

The following is a list of notable deaths in 1985. Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

• Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Deaths in 1985

January

• January 2 – Gabriel Elorde, Filipino professional boxer (b. 1935)
• January 4 – Sir Brian Horrocks, British general (b. 1895)^[1]
• January 5 – Robert Surtees, American cinematographer (b. 1906)
• January 11 – Sir William McKell, 12th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1891)^[2]
  • • January 14 Jetta Goudal, Dutch actress (b. 1891)
  • Anagarika Govinda, German buddhist lama (b. 1898)
• January 18 – Mahmoud Mohammed Taha, Sudanese religious thinker (b. 1909)
• January 19 – Eric Voegelin, German-American philosopher (b. 1901)^[3]
  • • January 22 Sir Arthur Bryant, British historian (b. 1899)^[4]
  • Mikhail Gromov, Soviet aviator (b. 1899)
• January 23 – Rubén Rabanal, Argentine politician (b. 1935)^[5]
• January 26 – Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader (b. 1914)

February

• February 3 – Frank Oppenheimer, American particle physicist (b. 1912)
• February 4 – Jesse Hibbs, American film director (b. 1906)
• February 6 – Neil McCarthy, English actor (b. 1932)
• February 8
  • William Lyons, British automobile engineer and designer (b. 1901)
  • Marvin Miller, American actor (b. 1913)
• February 11 – Henry Hathaway, American film director (b. 1898)
• February 12 – Nicholas Colasanto, American actor (b. 1924)
• February 20 – Clarence Nash, American actor (b. 1904)
• February 21
  • Ina Claire, American actress (b. 1893)
  • Louis Hayward, British actor (b. 1909)
  • John G. Trump, American electrical engineer, inventor, and physicist (b. 1907)
• February 22
  • Efrem Zimbalist, Russian-American violinist (b. 1889)
  • Alexander Scourby, American film, television, and voice actor (b. 1913)
• February 26 – Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• February 27
  • Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., American politician (b. 1902)
  • J. Pat O'Malley, English actor (b. 1904)^[6]

March

• March 3 – Iosif Shklovsky, Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1916)
• March 7 – George Schick, Czechoslovakian conductor and music educator (b. 1908)
• March 8 – Edward Andrews, American actor (b. 1914)
• March 10
  • Konstantin Chernenko, Soviet politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b. 1911)
  • Bob Nieman, American baseball player (b. 1927)
• March 11
  • Tom Adams, Barbadian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Barbados (b. 1931)
  • Nazem Akkari, Lebanese politician, 19th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1902)
    • March 12 Earle Clements, American politician, governor of Kentucky (b. 1896)^[7]
  • Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian-American conductor (b. 1899)^[8]
• March 13 – Mabel Alvarez, American painter (b. 1891)
• March 15 – Radha Krishna Choudhary, Indian historian (b. 1921)
• March 16 – Roger Sessions, American composer (b. 1896)
• March 21 – Sir Michael Redgrave, British actor (b. 1908)^[9]
• March 23
  • Doctor Richard Beeching, Chairman of British Rail (b. 1913)
  • Zoot Sims, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1925)
• March 28 – Marc Chagall, Russian-French painter (b. 1887)^[10]
• March 29
  • The Singing Nun (Jeannine Deckers), Belgian nun and singer (b. 1933)^[11]
  • Gerhard Stock, German Olympic athlete (b. 1911)
• March 30 – Shizuko Kasagi, Japanese singer (b. 1914)
  • • March 31 Michel Georges-Michel, French painter, journalist, novelist (b. 1883)
  • Richard McKeon, American philosopher (b. 1900)

April

• April 5 – Paul Hugh Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
• April 6 – Terence Sanders, British Olympic rower – coxless fours (b. 1901)^[12]
• April 7 – Carl Schmitt, German jurist, political theorist and professor of law (b. 1888)
• April 8 – John Frederick Coots, American songwriter (b. 1897)^[13]
• April 10 – Alfredo Duhalde, Chilean statesman (b. 1898)
• April 11 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian Communist politician, leader of the Party of Labour 22nd Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1908)^[14]
  • • April 14 Noele Gordon, British actress (b. 1919)
  • Kate Roberts, Welsh-language author (b. 1891)^[15]
• April 15 – Jack Medica, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1914)^[16]
• April 16 – Scott Brady, American actor (b. 1924)
• April 17 – Evadne Price, Australian-British writer, actress and astrologer (b. 1888)
• April 18 – Gertrude Caton–Thompson, English archaeologist (b. 1888)
• April 19 – Sergei Aleksandrovich Tokarev, Russian ethnologist (b. 1899)
• April 21
  • John Welsh, Irish actor (b. 1914)
  • Tancredo Neves, Brazilian elected president and former Prime Minister (b. 1910)^[17]
• April 26 – Albert Maltz, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1908)

May

• May 1 – Denise Robins, British romance novelist (b. 1897)^[18]
• May 4 – Clarence Wiseman, 10th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1907)
• May 5 – Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (b. 1901)
• May 6
  • Pete Desjardins, American Olympic diver (b. 1907)^[19]
  • Julie Vega, Filipino child actress and singer (b. 1968)
• May 7 – Dawn Addams, British actress (b. 1930)
• May 8
  • Karl Marx, German composer and music teacher (b. 1897)
  • Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (b. 1918)
  • Dolph Sweet, American actor (b. 1920)
• May 9 – Edmond O'Brien, American actor (b. 1915)^[20]
• May 10
  • Tahar Ben Ammar, Tunisian politician, 8th Prime Minister of Tunisia (b. 1889)^[21]
  • Florizel von Reuter, American violinist and composer (b. 1890)
• May 11 - Chester Gould, American cartoonist, creator of Dick Tracy (b. 1900)^[22]
• May 12 – Jean Dubuffet, French artist (b. 1901)^[23]
• May 13 – Leatrice Joy, American actress (b. 1893)
• May 14 – Barbara Yung, Hong Kong actress (b. 1959)
• May 16 – Margaret Hamilton, American actress (b. 1902)
  • • May 18 Penn Nouth, Cambodian politician, 7-time Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1906)
  • Hilding Rosenberg, Swedish composer (b. 1892)^[24]
• May 19 – Maqbular Rahman Sarkar, Bangladeshi academic (b. 1928)^[25]
  • • May 22 Charles Murphy, American architect. (b. 1890)
  • Wolfgang Reitherman, German animator, director and producer (b. 1909)

June

• June 5 – Lord George-Brown, British politician (b. 1914)
• June 6
  • Norman W. Walker, British businessman (b. 1886)
  • Vladimir Jankélévitch, French philosopher and musicologist (b. 1903)^[26]
• June 7
  • Georgia Hale, American actress (b. 1905)
  • Stanley Skinner, professional ice hockey player (b. 1893)^[27]
• June 9 – Clifford Evans, British actor (b. 1912)
  • Matsutarō Kawaguchi, Japanese novelist (b. 1899)
• June 10 – George Chandler, American actor (b. 1898)
• June 11 – Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (b. 1954)^[28]
• June 12 – Helmuth Plessner, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1892)
  • • June 15 Percy Fender, English cricketer (b. 1892)^[29]
  • Andy Stanfield, American Olympic athlete (b. 1927)
    • June 17 George Jackson, English footballer (b. 1893)
  • John Boulting, English filmmaker (b. 1913)
  • Kirill Moskalenko, Soviet military commander (b. 1902)
• June 19 – Bonnie Nettles, American religious leader (b. 1927)
• June 20 – Ralph A. Wolfe, American comic book artist and animator (b. 1894)
• June 21 – Tage Erlander, Swedish politician, 25th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1901)
• June 27 – Elias Sarkis, Lebanese lawyer, 27th President of Lebanon (b. 1924)
• June 28 – James Craig, American actor (b. 1912)
• June 30 – Haruo Remeliik, Palauan politician, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933)

July

• July 1 – Pauli Murray, American civil rights activist, lawyer, author and priest (b. 1910)
• July 3 – Erik Ågren, Swedish boxer (b. 1916)
• July 4 – Jan de Quay, Dutch politician and psychologist, 31st Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1901)
• July 8
  • Phil Foster, American actor (b. 1913)
  • Simon Kuznets, American economist (b. 1901)
    • July 9 Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
  • Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)^[30]
• July 14 – Lluís Solé, Spanish geographer and academic (b. 1908)
• July 15 – Rama Devi, Indian nationalist leader (b. 1889)
• July 16 – Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
• July 17 – Margo, Mexican-American actress (b. 1917)
• July 19
  • Janusz Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
  • Louisa Ghijs, Belgian stage actress and wife of Johannes Heesters (b. 1902)
• July 21 – Alvah Cecil Bessie, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1904)
• July 22 – Matti Järvinen, Finnish Olympic athlete (b. 1909)
• July 23
  • Kay Kyser, American bandleader (b. 1905)
  • Mickey Shaughnessy, American actor (b. 1920)
• July 25 – Grant Williams, American actor (b. 1931)
• July 26 – Grace Albee, American printmaker and wood engraver. (b. 1890)
• July 27 – John Scarne, American magician and card expert (b. 1903)

August

• August 1 – D. H. Turner, British art historian and museum curator (b. 1931)
• August 2 – Frank Faylen, American actor (b. 1905)
• August 5 – Arnold Horween, Harvard Crimson and NFL football player (b. 1898)
• August 6
  • Forbes Burnham, Guyanese political leader, 1st Prime Minister of Guyana and 2nd President of Guyana (b. 1923)
  • Karl Diebitsch, German Nazi uniform designer (b. 1899)
  • John Harmon, American actor (b. 1905)
• August 8 – Louise Brooks, American actress (b. 1906)
• August 9 – Clive Churchill, Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1927)
• August 10 – Kenny Baker, American actor and singer (b. 1912)
• August 11 – Hector Grey, Scottish street trader and company director (b. 1904)
• August 12
  • Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer (b. 1941)
  • Manfred Winkelhock, German racing driver (b. 1951)^[31]
• August 14 – Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
• August 15 – Lester Cole, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1904)
• August 20 – Donald O. Hebb, Canadian neuropsychologist (b. 1904)
• August 22 – Paul Peter Ewald, German-American crystallographer and physicist (b. 1888)
• August 24 – Morrie Ryskind, American dramatist (b. 1895)
• August 25
  • Paul Harris, American actor (b. 1917)
  • Samantha Smith, American schoolgirl activist (b. 1972)
    • August 28 Ruth Gordon, American actress, screenwriter, and playwright (b. 1896)
  • Miguel Otero Silva, Venezuelan writer (b. 1908)
    • August 29 Evelyn Ankers, British actress (b. 1918)
  • Patrick Barr, British actor (b. 1908)
  • Paul Kligman, Canadian actor (b. 1923)
• August 30 – Taylor Caldwell, Anglo-American writer (b. 1900)^[32]
• August 31 – Sir Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)

September

• • • September 1 Stefan Bellof, German racing driver and 1984 World SportsCars (Group C) Champion (b. 1957).^[33]
  • Saunders Lewis, Welsh writer and founder of the Welsh National Party (Plaid Cymru) (born 1893)^[34]
• September 4
  • Isabel Jeans, British actress (b. 1891)
  • George O'Brien, American actor (b. 1899)
• September 6 – Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1917)^[35]
• September 7
  • Bruiser Kinard, American football player (Brooklyn Dodgers) and a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (b. 1914)
  • José Zabala-Santos, Filipino cartoonist (b. 1911)
  • George Pólya, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1887)
• September 8 – John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1897)
• September 9 – Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)^[36]
• September 10
  • Ernst Öpik, Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1893)
  • Jock Stein, Scottish football player and manager (b. 1922)
  • Chong Yun Jing, Singaporean administrative officer and victim of a medical malpractice case (b. 1963)
• September 11
  • William Alwyn, English composer (b. 1905)
  • Henrietta Barnett, British Women's Royal Air Force officer (b. 1905)
  • Masako Natsume, Japanese actress (b. 1957)
    • September 13 Winifred Cecil, American operatic soprano (b. 1907)^[37]
  • Augusto Rademaker, Brazilian admiral and former military junta member (b. 1905)
    • September 14 Julian Beck, American actor (b. 1925)
  • John Holt, American writer and educator (b. 1923)
• September 17 – Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (b. 1925)^[38]
• September 19 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (b. 1923)^[39]
• September 22 – Axel Springer, German journalist and the founder and owner of the Axel Springer AG (b. 1912)
• September 27 – Lloyd Nolan, American actor (b. 1902)
• September 30
  • Floyd Crosby, American cinematographer (b. 1899)
  • Charles Richter, American seismologist and physicist, creator of the Richter magnitude scale (b. 1900)
  • Simone Signoret, French actress (b. 1921)

October

• October 1 – E. B. White, American writer (b. 1899)^[40]
• October 2
  • Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
  • George Savalas, American actor (b. 1924)
• October 5 – Abdus Sattar, Bangladeshi statesman, 8th President of Bangladesh (b. 1906)
• October 6 – Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (b. 1921)
• October 9 – Emílio Garrastazu Médici, Brazilian general and statesman, 28th President of Brazil (b. 1905)
• October 10
  • Yul Brynner, Russian actor (b. 1920)
  • Orson Welles, American actor and director (b. 1915)
• October 12
  • Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (The Price Is Right) (b. 1910), cerebral hemorrhage.
  • Ricky Wilson, American guitarist (b. 1953)
• October 13 – Francesca Bertini, Italian actress (b. 1892)
• October 14 – Emil Gilels, Soviet pianist (b. 1916)
• October 17 – Abdelmunim Al-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1917)
• October 18 – Stefan Askenase, Polish-Belgian classical pianist and pedagogue (b. 1896)
• October 21 – Dan White, American politician and murderer (Moscone–Milk assassinations) (b. 1946)
• October 24 – László Bíró, Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint pen (b. 1899)
• October 27 – Thomas Townsend Brown, American inventor (b. 1905)
• October 29 – John Davis Lodge, American actor and politician (b. 1903)
• October 31 – Hardit Malik, Indian fighter pilot and diplomat (b. 1894)^[41]

November

See main article: Deaths in November 1985.

• • • November 1 Phil Silvers, American entertainer (b. 1911)^[42]
  • Wetzel Whitaker, American animator, film director, and film producer (b. 1908)
• November 2 – Don Bragg, American basketball player (b. 1933)^[43]
• November 5
  • Spencer W. Kimball, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1895)
  • Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist (b. 1898)
• November 6 – Sanjeev Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1937)
• November 8 – Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourgian cyclist (b. 1899)
• November 9 – Marie-Georges Pascal, French actress (b. 1946)
• November 11
  • James Hanley, British novelist, playwright and writer (b. 1897)
  • Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender (b. 1959)
  • Arthur Rothstein, American photographer (b. 1915)
• November 13
  • William Pereira, American architect (b. 1909)
  • George Robert Vincent, American sound recording pioneer (b. 1898)
• November 14 – Wellington Koo, Chinese statesman (b. 1888)
• November 16 – John Sparkman, American politician (b. 1899)
• November 17
  • Lon Nol, Cambodian general and statesman, 32nd Prime Minister of Cambodia and 7th President of Khmer Republic (b. 1913)
  • Jimmy Ritz, American actor (b. 1904)
• November 19 – Stepin Fetchit, American actor (b. 1902)
• November 22 – María Sabina, Mexican curandera (b. 1894)
• November 24 – Big Joe Turner, American blues singer (b. 1911)
• November 25 – Geoffrey Grigson, British poet, writer, critic (b. 1905)
• November 27 – Fernand Braudel, French historian (b. 1902)

December

See main article: Deaths in December 1985.

• December 2 – Philip Larkin, English poet and novelist (b. 1922)
• December 6 – Carroll Cole, American serial killer (b. 1938)^[44]
• December 7
  • Robert Graves, English writer (b. 1895)
  • Potter Stewart, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1915)
• December 12
  • Anne Baxter, American actress (b. 1923)
  • Ian Stewart, Scottish rock musician (b. 1938)
• December 14 – Roger Maris, American baseball player (New York Yankees) (b. 1934)
• December 15
  • Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, 1st Prime Minister of Mauritius (b. 1900)
  • Carlos P. Romulo, Filipino diplomat (b. 1899)
• December 16 – Paul Castellano, American Mafia boss (b. 1915)
• December 20 – Coral Buttsworth, Australian tennis champion (b. 1900)
  • • December 22 D. Boon, American singer, songwriter and guitarist (b. 1958)
  • Richard P. Condie, American conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir (b. 1898)
• December 23
  • Ferhat Abbas, Algerian nationalist, 1st president of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (b. 1899)
  • Prince Bira, Prince of Siam and Formula One driver (b. 1914)
• December 24 – Erich Schaedler, Scottish footballer (b. 1949)
• December 26 – Dian Fossey, American biologist (b. 1932)
• December 27
  • Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player and coach (b. 1906)
  • Harold Whitlock, British Olympic athlete (b. 1903)
• December 28 – Renato Castellani, Italian director (b. 1913)
• December 31
  • Ricky Nelson, American actor and musician (b. 1940)
  • Sam Spiegel, Polish-American film producer (b. 1903)

Notes and References

1. News: Sir Brian Horrocks is dead at 89; British General in World War II . The New York Times. January 9, 1985 . 19 December 2014.
2. 1523 . Yes. Sir (Bill) William John McKell (1891–1985) . 7 May 2019.
3. Web site: Eric Voegelin, Philosopher, Author and Professor, Dies. January 23, 1985. New York Times. March 20, 2021.
4. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/24/world/sir-arthur-bryant-british-pilot-and-historian.html SIR ARTHUR BRYANT, BRITISH PILOT AND HISTORIAN
5. Web site: Rubén Rabanal . efemeridesradicales.com.ar . Radical Ephemeris . 15 December 2023 . Spanish.
6. News: Veteran Film-TV Actor J. Pat O'Malley Dies. Los Angeles Times. no byline. 1 March 1985. 14 June 2020.
7. https://www.ukalumni.net/s/article/Earle-Chester-Clements Earle Chester Clements
8. Web site: Eugene Ormandy is Dead at 85 in Philadelphia. March 13, 1985. Allen Hughes. New York Times. January 21, 2021.
9. Book: Kika Markham. Our Time of Day: My Life with Corin Redgrave. 8 September 2014. Oberon Books. 978-1-78319-599-2. 36.
10. News: A tapestry master's hands of gold. April 21, 1985. Elaine Markoutsas. Chicago Tribune. January 21, 2021.
11. Book: Van Den Berg, Leen . Sœur Sourire: Journal d'une tragedie . Editions Luc Pire . 2005 . 2-87415-483-0 . 209 .
12. Web site: Terence Sanders. IOC. January 27, 2021.
13. https://www.schott-music.com/en/person/index/index/urlkey/j-fred-coots JOHN FREDERICK COOTS
14. Book: Paulin Kola. The Search for Greater Albania. 2003. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 978-1-85065-596-1. 168.
15. [Derec Llwyd Morgan|Morgan, Derec Llwyd]
16. Web site: Jack Medica. IOC. January 12, 2021.
17. Book: Unisa Latin American Report. 1985. UNISA Centre for Latin American Studies. 30.
18. Book: Hal May. Ann Evory. Contemporary Authors. February 1986. Gale Research International, Limited. 978-0-8103-1916-5. 393.
19. Web site: Pete Desjardins. IOC. March 1, 2021.
20. News: Edmond O'Brien, Actor, Dies at 69 . 26 March 2020 . The New York Times . May 10, 1985 . D22.
21. Book: Raph Uwechue. Africa Books Limited. Makers of Modern Africa. 1991. Africa Journal Limited. 104. 9780903274180.
22. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/12/us/chester-gould-cartoonist-dies-at-at-84.html Chester Gould, Cartoonist, Dies at 84
23. Book: Jean Dubuffet. Agnes Husslein-Arco. Jean Dubuffet. 2003. Prestel. 978-3-7913-6010-2. 16.
24. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hilding-rosenberg-mn0001251813/biography Biography Hilding Rosenberg
25. Web site: সাদুল্লাপুর উপজেলা, প্রখ্যাত ব্যক্তিত্ব. Bangladesh National Portal. https://archive.today/20200822045101/http://sadullapur.gaibandha.gov.bd/site/page/2d14761e-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC. 22 August 2020. 22 August 2020. bn.
26. Book: Vladimir Jankelevitch. Vladimir Jankélévitch. Forgiveness. April 2005. University of Chicago Press. 978-0-226-39213-4. 13.
27. http://losthockey.com/__a/members/deaths_by_year.cfm?year=1985&month=6 Hockey deaths - June 1985
28. News: Stryker . Jeff . March 31, 1996 . Right to Die; Life After Quinlan . New York Times . August 30, 2015 .
29. Book: Jon Surtees. Wisden at The Oval. 1 June 2017. Bloomsbury Publishing. 978-1-4729-4264-7. 75.
30. Web site: Charlotte grand duchess of Luxembourg Britannica . www.britannica.com . 10 December 2022 . en.
31. Web site: Controversy Erupts Over Death of Race Driver. August 14, 1985. Los Angeles Times. November 26, 2020.
32. Book: John Arthur Garraty. Mark Christopher Carnes. American National Biography. 1999. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-512783-6. 206.
33. News: Driver Is Killed In Race Accident. The New York Times. 2 September 1985. 8 October 2010. Associated Press.
34. Book: World Book, Inc. Staff. The World Book Year Book. February 1986. World Book, Incorporated. 978-0-7166-0486-0. 516.
35. Perry . S. V. . Samuel Victor Perry. 10.1098/rsbm.1987.0017 . Rodney Robert Porter. 8 October 1917-6 September 1985 . . 33 . 445–89. 1987 . 769960. 11621436. free .
36. Book: Kenneth T. Jackson. Karen Markoe. Arnie Markoe. The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives: 1981-1985. 1998. Charles Scribner's Sons. 978-0-684-80492-7. 282.
37. Encyclopedia: 2002. Cecil, Winifred . Grove Music Online. . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O009914. Philip L. Miller.
38. Web site: Laura Ashley, British Designer, Is Dead at 60 . The New York Times. 8 December 2018. Slesin. Suzanne. 18 September 1985.
39. Book: Beno Weiss. Understanding Italo Calvino. 1993. Univ of South Carolina Press. 978-0-87249-858-7. 6.
40. Book: Jill C. Wheeler. E. B. White. 1 January 2013. ABDO Publishing Company. 978-1-61480-938-8. 21.
41. https://southasianheritage.org.uk/hardit-singh-malik/ Hardit Singh Malik
42. Book: The New York Times Biographical Service. July 1985. University Microfilms. 1317.
43. News: Don Bragg. November 13, 1985. San Francisco Examiner. B-13. Newspapers.com. October 3, 2024.
44. News: 1985-12-07 . CONFESSED MURDERER OF 13 IS EXECUTED IN NEVADA . 2024-02-22 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.