In many languages, the names given to the seven days of the week are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astronomy, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced by the Sumerians and later adopted by the Babylonians from whom the Roman Empire adopted the system during late antiquity.[1] In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, beginning either with Sunday or with Monday. The seven-day week was adopted in early Christianity from the Hebrew calendar, and gradually replaced the Roman internundinum.
Sunday remained the first day of the week, being considered the day of the sun god Sol Invictus and the Lord's Day, while the Jewish Sabbath remained the seventh.Emperor Constantine adopted the seven-day week for official use in 321 AD, making the Day of the Sun (Latin: dies Solis, "Sunday") a legal holiday.[2]
In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week, but in many countries it is counted as the second day of the week.
Between the first and third centuries AD, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. The earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to 6 February (ante diem viii idus Februarias) of the year 60 AD as dies solis ("Sunday").[3] Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about 100 AD, which addressed the question of: "Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the 'actual' order?"[4] The treatise is lost, but the answer to the question is known; see planetary hours.
The Ptolemaic system of planetary spheres asserts that the order of the heavenly bodies from the farthest to the closest to the Earth is Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon; objectively, the planets are ordered from slowest to fastest moving as they appear in the night sky.[5]
The days were named after the classical planets of Hellenistic astrology, in the order: Sun (Helios), Moon (Selene), Mars (Ares), Mercury (Hermes), Jupiter (Zeus), Venus (Aphrodite), and Saturn (Cronus).[6]
The seven-day week spread throughout the Roman Empire in late antiquity.By the fourth century AD, it was in wide use throughout the Empire.
The Greek and Latin names are as follows:
| Day: (see Irregularities) | Sunday Sōl or Helios (Sun) | Monday Luna or Selene (Moon) | Tuesday Mars or Ares (Mars) | Wednesday Mercurius or Hermes (Mercury) | Thursday Jove or Zeus (Jupiter) | Friday Venus or Aphrodite (Venus) | Saturday Saturnus or Cronus (Saturn) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greek[7] | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Ἡλίου | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Σελήνης | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Ἄρεως | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Ἑρμοῦ | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Διός | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Ἀφροδίτης | Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμέρα Κρόνου | |
| Latin | diēs Sōlis | diēs Lūnae | diēs Mārtis | diēs Mercuriī | diēs Iovis | diēs Veneris | diēs Sāturnī |
Except for in Portuguese, Galician and Mirandese, the Romance languages preserved the Latin names, except for the names of Sunday, which was replaced by [dies] Dominicus (Dominica), that is, "the Lord's Day", and of Saturday, which was named for the Jewish Sabbath. Mirandese and Portuguese use numbered weekdays (see below), but retain sábado and demingo/domingo for weekends.[8]
| Day (see Irregularities) | Sunday Sōl (Sun) | Monday Luna (Moon) | Tuesday Mars (Mars) | Wednesday Mercurius (Mercury) | Thursday Jove (Jupiter) | Friday Venus (Venus) | Saturday Saturnus (Saturn) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portuguese | Portuguese: [[:pt:Domingo|domingo]] | Portuguese: segunda-feira | Portuguese: terça-feira | Portuguese: quarta-feira | Portuguese: quinta-feira | Portuguese: sexta-feira | Portuguese: [[:pt:Sábado|sábado]] | |
| Galician | Galician: [[:gl:Domingo|domingo]] | Galician: [[:gl:Luns|luns]] / Segunda feira | Galician: [[:gl:Martes|martes]] / Terza feira /Terceira feira | Galician: [[:gl:Mércores|mércores]] / Corta feira / Cuarta feira | Galician: [[:gl:Xoves|xoves]] / Quinta feira | Galician: [[:gl:Venres|venres]] / Sexta feira | Galician: [[:gl:Sábado|sábado]] | |
| Asturian | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Domingu|domingu]] | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Llunes|llunes]] | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Martes|martes]] | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Miércoles|miércoles]] | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Xueves|xueves]] | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Vienres|vienres]] | Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: [[:ast:Sábadu|sábadu]] | |
| Spanish | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Domingo|domingo]] | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Lunes|lunes]] | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Martes|martes]] | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Miércoles|miércoles]] | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Jueves|jueves]] | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Viernes|viernes]] | Spanish; Castilian: [[:es:Sábado|sábado]] | |
| Occitan | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Dimenge|dimenge]] | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Diluns|diluns]] | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Dimars|dimars]] | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Dimècres|dimècres]] | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Dijòus|dijòus]] | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Divendres|divendres]] | Occitan (post 1500);: [[:oc:Dissabte|dissabte]] | |
| Aranese Occitan | dimenge | deluns | dimars | dimèrcles | dijaus | diuendres | dissabte | |
| Catalan | dilluns | dimarts | dimecres | dijous | divendres | |||
| French | lundi | mardi | mercredi | jeudi | vendredi | |||
| Italian | lunedì | martedì | mercoledì | giovedì | venerdì | |||
| Lombard (Milanese) | lunedì | martedì | mercoldì | giovedì | venerdì | sabet | ||
| Lombard (Bresciano) | duminica | lunedé | martedé | mercoldé | gioedé | venerdé | sabot | |
| Ligurian | lunedì | mâtesdì | mâcordì | zéuggia | venardì | sàbbo | ||
| Neapolitan | dummeneca | lunnerì | marterì | miercurì | gioverì | viernarì | sàbbatu | |
| Sicilian | marti | mèrcuri | jovi | vènniri | ||||
| Corsican | luni | marti | màrcuri | ghjovi | vènnari | |||
| Romanian | luni | marți | miercuri | joi | vineri | |||
| Venetian | luni | marti | mèrcore | zobia | vénare | |||
| Sardinian | domíniga, domiga, etc.[9] | lunis | martis, maltis | mélcuris, mércunis, etc.[10] | gióbia, gioja, etc.[11] | chenàbura, cenarva, etc.[12] | sàpadu, sàuru, etc.[13] | |
| Friulian | lunis | martars | miercus | joibe | vinars | |||
| Val Badia Ladin | domënia | lönesc | mertesc, dedolönesc | mercui, dedemesaledema | jöbia | vëndres | sabeda | |
| Gherdëina Ladin | dumënia | lunesc | merdi | mierculdi | juebia | vënderdi | sada | |
| Puter Romansh | dumengia | lündeschdi | mardi | marculdi | gövgia | venderdi | sanda | |
| Vallader Romansh | dumengia | lündeschdi | mardi | marcurdi | gövgia | venderdi | sonda | |
| Surmiran Romansh | dumengia | glindesde | marde | mesemda | gievgia | venderde | sonda | |
| Rumantsch Grischun | dumengia | glindesdi | mardi | mesemna | gievgia | venderdi | sonda | |
| Sursilvan Romansh | dumengia | gliendisdis | mardis | mesjamna | gievgia | venderdis | sonda | |
| Sutsilvan Romansh | dumeingia | gliendasgis | margis | measeanda | gievgia | vendargis | sonda |
Early Old Irish adopted the names from Latin, but introduced separate terms of Norse origin for Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, then later supplanted these with terms relating to church fasting practices.
| text-align:right;" | Day (see Irregularities) | Sunday Sōl (Sun) | Monday Luna (Moon) | Tuesday Mars (Mars) | Wednesday Mercurius (Mercury) | Thursday Iuppiter (Jupiter) | Friday Venus (Venus) | Saturday Saturnus (Saturn) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Irish[14] | Diu[15] srol Dies scrol[16] | Diu luna[17] | Diu mart[18] | Diu iath[19] | Diu eathamon[20] | Diu triach[21] | Diu saturn | |
| Old Irish (later) | Diu domnica | Diu luna | Diu mart | Diu cétaín | Diu eter dib aínib | Diu aíne | Diu saturn | |
| Irish | An Domhnach Dé Domhnaigh | An Luan Dé Luain | An Mháirt Dé Máirt | An Chéadaoin Dé Céadaoin | An Déardaoin Déardaoin | An Aoine Dé hAoine | An Satharn Dé Sathairn | |
| Scottish Gaelic[22] | Didòmhnaich or Latha/Là na Sàbaid | Diluain | Dimàirt | Disathairne | ||||
| Manx | Jelune | Jemayrt | Jesarn | |||||
| Welsh | dydd Sul | dydd Llun | dydd Mawrth | dydd Mercher | dydd Iau | dydd Gwener | dydd Sadwrn | |
| Cornish | Dy' Sul | Dy' Lun | Dy' Meurth | Dy' Mergher | Dy' Yow | Dy' Gwener | Dy' Sadorn | |
| Breton | Disul | Dilun | Dimeurzh | Dimerc’her | Diriaou | Digwener | Disadorn |
Albanian adopted the Latin terms for Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday, adopted translations of the Latin terms for Sunday and Monday, and kept native terms for Thursday and Friday. Other languages adopted the week together with the Latin (Romance) names for the days of the week in the colonial period. Several constructed languages also adopted the Latin terminology.
| Day: (see Irregularities) | Sunday Sōl (Sun) | Monday Luna (Moon) | Tuesday Mars (Mars) | Wednesday Mercurius (Mercury) | Thursday Iuppiter (Jupiter) | Friday Venus (Venus) | Saturday Saturnus (Saturn) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Albanian: [[:sq:E diel|e diel]] | Albanian: [[:sq:E hënë|e hënë]] | Albanian: [[:sq:E martë|e martë]] | Albanian: [[:sq:E mërkurë|e mërkurë]] | Albanian: [[:sq:E enjte|e enjte]] | Albanian: [[:sq:E premte|e premte]] | Albanian: [[:sq:E shtunë|e shtunë]] | |
| Filipino | Filipino; Pilipino: Linggó | Filipino; Pilipino: Lunes | Filipino; Pilipino: Martes | Filipino; Pilipino: Miyerkoles | Filipino; Pilipino: Huwebes or colloquially Filipino; Pilipino: Webes | Filipino; Pilipino: Biyernes | Filipino; Pilipino: Sabado | |
| Chamorro | Chamorro: Damenggo | Chamorro: Lunes | Chamorro: Mattes | Chamorro: Metkoles | Chamorro: Huebes | Chamorro: Betnes | Chamorro: Sabalu | |
| Māori[23] | Maori: Rā Tapu [not celestially named] (rā + tapu = "holy day") | Maori: Rāhina (Maori: rā + Māhina = day + Moon) | Maori: Rātū (Maori: rā + Tūmatauenga = day + Mars) | Maori: Rāapa (Maori: rā + Apārangi = day + Mercury) | Maori: Rāpare (Maori: rā + Pareārau = day + Jupiter) | Maori: Rāmere (Maori: rā + Mere = day + Venus) | Maori: [Rā Horoi] [not celestially named] (Maori: rā + horoi = "washing day") | |
| Uropi | Soldia | Lundia | Mardia | Mididia | Zusdia | Wendia | Sabadia | |
| Universalglot | diodai | lundai | mardai | erdai | jovdai | vendai | samdai | |
| Neo | Domin(ko) | Lundo | Tud | Mirko | Jov | Venso | Sab | |
| Idiom Neutral | soldi | lundi | marsdi | merkurdi | yovdi | vendrdi | saturndi | |
| Reform-Neutral | soldí | lundí | marsdí | mercurdí | jovdí | vendredí | saturndí | |
| ApI Interlingua | sol-die | luna-die | marte-die | mercurio-die | jove-die | venere-die | sabbato, saturno-die | |
| Interlingua | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Dominica|dominica]] | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Lunedi|lunedi]] | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Martedi|martedi]] | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Mercuridi|mercuridi]] | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Jovedi|jovedi]] | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Venerdi|venerdi]] | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association);: [[:ia:Sabbato|sabbato]] | |
| Interlingue | Interlingue; Occidental: soledí | Interlingue; Occidental: lunedí | Interlingue; Occidental: mardí | Interlingue; Occidental: mercurdí | Interlingue; Occidental: jovedí | Interlingue; Occidental: venerdí | Interlingue; Occidental: saturdí | |
| Lingua Franca Nova | [[:lfn:soldi|soldi]] | [[:lfn:lundi|lundi]] | [[:lfn:martedi|martedi]] | [[:lfn:mercurdi|mercurdi]] | [[:lfn:jovedi|jovedi]] | [[:lfn:venerdi|venerdi]] | [[:lfn:saturdi|saturdi]] | |
| Mondial | soldi | lundi | mardi | mierdi | jodi | vendi | samdi | |
| INTAL | sundi | lundi | mardi | merkurdi | jodi | venerdi | saturdi | |
| Novial | sundie | lundie | mardie | mercurdie, merkurdie | jodie | venerdie | saturdie | |
| Romániço | Domínico | Lun-dio | Marti-dio | Mercurii-dio | Jov-dio | Véner-dio | Sábato | |
| Ido | Ido: [[:io:Sundio|sundio]] | Ido: [[:io:Lundio|lundio]] | Ido: [[:io:Mardio|mardio]] | Ido: [[:io:Merkurdio|merkurdio]] | Ido: [[:io:Jovdio|jovdio]] | Ido: [[:io:Venerdio|venerdio]] | Ido: [[:io:Saturdio|saturdio]] | |
| Esperanto | Esperanto: [[:eo:Dimanĉo|dimanĉo]] | Esperanto: [[:eo:Lundo|lundo]] | Esperanto: [[:eo:Mardo|mardo]] | Esperanto: [[:eo:Merkredo|merkredo]] | Esperanto: [[:eo:Ĵaŭdo|ĵaŭdo]] | Esperanto: [[:eo:Vendredo|vendredo]] | Esperanto: [[:eo:Sabato|sabato]] |
With the exception of sabato, the Esperanto names are all from French, cf. French dimanche, lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi.
The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans by substituting the Germanic deities for the Roman ones (with the exception of Saturday) in a process known as Latin: [[interpretatio germanica]].The date of the introduction of this system is not known exactly, but it must have happened later than 100 AD but before the introduction of Christianity during the 6th to 7th centuries, i.e., during the final phase or soon after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.[24] This period is later than the Common Germanic stage, but still during the phase of undifferentiated West Germanic. The names of the days of the week in North Germanic languages were not calqued from Latin directly, but taken from the West Germanic names.
| Day: (see Irregularities) | Sunday Sunna/Sól | Monday Mona/Máni | Tuesday Tiw/Tyr | Wednesday Woden/Odin | Thursday Thunor/Thor | Friday Frige or Freya | Saturday Saturn | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old English | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Sunnandæg | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Mōnandæg | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Tīwesdæg | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Wōdnesdæg | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Þunresdæg | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Frīgedæg | English, Old (ca.450-1100);: Sæternesdæg | |
| Old Saxon | Sunnundag | *Mānundag | *Tiuwesdag *Thingesdag | Wōdanesdag | *Thunaresdag | Frīadag | *Sunnunāƀand, *Satarnesdag | |
| Old High German | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Sunnûntag | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Mânetag | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Zîestag | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Wuotanestag | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Donarestag | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Frîjatag | German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Sunnûnâband, German, Old High (ca.750-1050);: Sambaztag | |
| Middle Low German | Sunnedag | Manedag | Dingesdag | Wodenesdag | Donersdag | Vrīdag | Sunnenavend, Satersdag | |
| German | German: [[:de:Sonntag|Sonntag]] | German: [[:de:Montag|Montag]] | German: [[:de:Dienstag|Dienstag]], Swiss German; Alemannic; Alsatian: [[:de:Ziestag|Ziestag]] (Alemannic German) | German: [[:de:Mittwoch|Mittwoch]] (older German: Wutenstag) | German: [[:de:Donnerstag|Donnerstag]] | German: [[:de:Freitag|Freitag]] | German: [[:de:Samstag|Samstag]], German: [[:de:Sonnabend|Sonnabend]], (in parts of Eastern Germany) | |
| Yiddish | Yiddish: Zuntik – Yiddish: [[:yi:זונטיק|זונטיק]] | Yiddish: Montik – Yiddish: [[:yi:מאנטיק|מאנטיק]] | Yiddish: Dinstik – Yiddish: [[:yi:דינסטיק|דינסטיק]] | Yiddish: Mitvokh – Yiddish: [[:yi:מיטוואך|מיטוואך]] | Yiddish: Donershtik – Yiddish: [[:yi:דאנערשטיק|דאנערשטיק]] | Yiddish: Fraytik – Yiddish: [[:yi:פרייטיק|פרײַטיק]] | Yiddish: Shabbes – Yiddish: [[:yi:שבת|שבת]] | |
| Luxembourgish | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Sonndeg | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Méindeg | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Dënschdeg | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Mëttwoch | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Donneschdeg | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Freideg | Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Samschdeg | |
| Scots | Scots: Saubath, Scots: Sunday | Scots: Monanday | Scots: Tysday | Scots: Wadensday | Scots: Fuirsday | Scots: Friday | Scots: Seturday | |
| Dutch | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Zondag|zondag]] | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Maandag|maandag]] | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Dinsdag|dinsdag]] | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Woensdag|woensdag]] | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Donderdag|donderdag]] | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Vrijdag|vrijdag]] | Dutch; Flemish: [[:nl:Zaterdag|zaterdag]] | |
| Afrikaans | Afrikaans: [[:af:Sondag|Sondag]] | Afrikaans: [[:af:Maandag|Maandag]] | Afrikaans: [[:af:Dinsdag|Dinsdag]] | Afrikaans: [[:af:Woensdag|Woensdag]] | Afrikaans: [[:af:Donderdag|Donderdag]] | Afrikaans: [[:af:Vrydag|Vrydag]] | Afrikaans: [[:af:Saterdag|Saterdag]] | |
| Low German | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Sünndag | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Maandag | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Dingsdag | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Middeweek, Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Goonsdag (rarely Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Woonsdag) | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Dünnerdag | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Freedag | Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Sünnavend, Low German; Low Saxon; German, Low; Saxon, Low: Saterdag | |
| West Frisian | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Snein|snein]] | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Moandei|moandei]] | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Tiisdei|tiisdei]] | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Woansdei|woansdei]] | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Tongersdei|tongersdei]] | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Freed|freed]] | Western Frisian: [[:fy:Sneon|sneon]], Western Frisian: [[:fy:Sneon|saterdei]] | |
| Saterland Frisian | Sundai | Moundai | Täisdai | Middewíek | Tuunsdai | Fräindai | Snäivende, Sneeuwende | |
| Heligoland North Frisian | Sendai | Mundai | Taisdai | Meddeweeken | Tünnersdai | Fraidai | Senin | |
| Amrum/Föhr North Frisian | söndai | mundai | teisdai | wäärnsdei , weedensdai | süürsdai, tüürsdai | freidai | söninj-er, saninj-er | |
| Sylt North Frisian | Sendai | Mondai | Tiisdai | Winjsdai | Türsdai | Friidai | Seninj-en | |
| Wiedingharde North Frisian | sändäi | mundäi, moondai | tee(s)däi-e | wjinsdäi | tördäi-e, türdai-e | fraidäi | sänjin-e | |
| Mooring North Frisian | saandi | moundi | täisdi | weensdi | törsdi | fraidi | saneene | |
| Karrharde North Frisian | sandäi | moundäi | täi(er)sdäi | weene(s)dai, weensdai | tönersdäi | fräidäi | saneene | |
| Northern Goesharde North Frisian | saandi, sandi | moondi, moundi | teesdi, täisdi | weensdi, winsdi | tünersdi | fraidi | saneene | |
| Halligen North Frisian | sondii | mööndii | taisdii | maaderwich | tonersdii | fraidii | soneene | |
| Icelandic | Icelandic: [[:is:Sunnudagur|sunnudagur]] | Icelandic: [[:is:Mánudagur|mánudagur]] | Icelandic: [[:is:Þriðjudagur|þriðjudagur]] | Icelandic: [[:is:Miðvikudagur|miðvikudagur]] | Icelandic: [[:is:Fimmtudagur|fimmtudagur]] | Icelandic: [[:is:Föstudagur|föstudagur]] | Icelandic: [[:is:Laugardagur|laugardagur]] | |
| Old Norse | Norse, Old: sunnudagr | Norse, Old: mánadagr | Norse, Old: tysdagr | Norse, Old: óðinsdagr | Norse, Old: þórsdagr | Norse, Old: frjádagr | Norse, Old: laugardagr, Norse, Old: sunnunótt | |
| Faroese | Faroese: [[:fo:Sunnudagur|sunnudagur]] | Faroese: [[:fo:Mánadagur|mánadagur]] | Faroese: [[:fo:Týsdagur|týsdagur]] | Faroese: [[:fo:Mikudagur|mikudagur]], Faroese: [[:fo:Ónsdagur|ónsdagur]] (Suðuroy) | Faroese: [[:fo:Hósdagur|hósdagur]], Faroese: [[:fo:Tórsdagur|tórsdagur]] (Suðuroy) | Faroese: [[:fo:Fríggjadagur|fríggjadagur]] | Faroese: [[:fo:Leygardagur|leygardagur]] | |
| Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Sundag|sundag/søndag]] | Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Måndag|måndag]] | Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Tysdag|tysdag]] | Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Onsdag|onsdag]] | Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Torsdag|torsdag]] | Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Fredag|fredag]] | Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: [[:nn:Laurdag|laurdag]] | ||
| Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Søndag|søndag]] | Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Mandag|mandag]] | Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Tirsdag|tirsdag]] | Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Onsdag|onsdag]] | Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Torsdag|torsdag]] | Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Fredag|fredag]] | Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: [[:no:Lørdag|lørdag]] | ||
| Danish | Danish: [[:da:Søndag|søndag]] | Danish: [[:da:Mandag|mandag]] | Danish: [[:da:Tirsdag|tirsdag]] | Danish: [[:da:Onsdag|onsdag]] | Danish: [[:da:Torsdag|torsdag]] | Danish: [[:da:Fredag|fredag]] | Danish: [[:da:Lørdag|lørdag]] | |
| Swedish | Swedish: [[:sv:Söndag|söndag]] | Swedish: [[:sv:Måndag|måndag]] | Swedish: [[:sv:Tisdag|tisdag]] | Swedish: [[:sv:Onsdag|onsdag]] | Swedish: [[:sv:Torsdag|torsdag]] | Swedish: [[:sv:Fredag|fredag]] | Swedish: [[:sv:Lördag|lördag]] | |
| Elfdalian | sunndag | mondag | tisdag | ųosdag | tųosdag | frjådag | lovdag |
| Day (see Irregularities) | Sunday Sunna/Sól | Monday Mona/Máni | Tuesday Tiw/Tyr | Wednesday Woden/Odin | Thursday Thunor/Thor | Friday Frige or Freya | Saturday Saturn | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finnish | Finnish: [[:fi:Sunnuntai|sunnuntai]] | Finnish: [[:fi:Maanantai|maanantai]] | Finnish: [[:fi:Tiistai|tiistai]] | Finnish: [[:fi:Keskiviikko|keskiviikko]] | Finnish: [[:fi:Torstai|torstai]] | Finnish: [[:fi:Perjantai|perjantai]] | Finnish: [[:fi:Lauantai|lauantai]] | |
| Meänkieli | pyhä(päivä), sunnuntai | maanantai | tiistai | keskiviikko | tuorestai | perjantai | lau(v)antai | |
| Kven | pyhä, sunnuntai | maanantai | tiistai | keskiviikko | tuorestai | perjantai | lauvantai | |
| Southern Sami | aejlege | måanta | dæjsta | gaskevåhkoe | duarsta | bearjadahke | laav(v)adahke | |
| Ume Sami | ájliege | mánnuodahkka | dïjstahkka | gasskavahkkuo | duarastahkka | bierjiedahkka | lávvuodahkka | |
| Pite Sami | ájlek | mánnodak | dijstak | gasskavahko | duorasdak | bärrjedak | lávvodak | |
| Lule Sami | sådnåbiejvve, ájllek | mánnodahka | dijstahka | gasskavahkko | duorastahka | bierjjedahka | lávvodahka | |
| Northern Sami | sotnabeaivi | vuossárga, mánnodat | maŋŋebárga, disdat | gaskavahkku | duorastat | bearjadat | lávvardat, lávvordat | |
| Inari Sami | pasepeivi | vuossargâ | majebargâ | koskokko | tuorâstâh, turâstâh | vástuppeivi | lávárdâh, lávurdâh | |
| Skolt Sami (for comparison) | pâʹsspeiʹvv | vuõssargg | mââibargg | seärad | neljdpeiʹvv | piâtnâc, väʹšnnpeiʹvv, västtpeiʹvv | sueʹvet | |
| Māori (transliteration; translation) | Maori: Wiki
| Maori: Mane
| Maori: Tūrei
| Maori: Wenerei
| Maori: Tāite
| Maori: Paraire
| Maori: Hāterei
| |
| Volapük | sudel | mudel | tudel | vedel | dödel | fridel | zädel |
Hindu astrology uses the concept of days under the regency of a planet under the term vāsara/vāra, the days of the week being called sūrya-/ravi-, chandra-/soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-/bṛhaspati-, śukra-, and śani-vāsara. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, that is, the Moon.[26] Knowledge of Greek astrology existed since about the 2nd century BC, but references to the vāsara occur somewhat later, during the Gupta period (Yājñavalkya Smṛti, c. 3rd to 5th century AD), that is, at roughly the same period or before the system was introduced in the Roman Empire.
| Sunday the Sun (Sūrya, Ravi, Bhānu) | Monday the Moon (Chandra, Indu, Soma) | Tuesday Mars (Mangala) | Wednesday Mercury (Budha) | Thursday Jupiter (Bṛhaspati, Guru) | Friday Venus (Shukra) | Saturday Saturn (Shani) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angika | Angika: /Angika: / | Angika: | Angika: | Angika: | Angika: | Angika: | Angika: |
| Assamese | Assamese: দেওবাৰ/ৰবিবাৰ | Assamese: সোমবাৰ | Assamese: মঙ্গলবাৰ | Assamese: বুধবাৰ | Assamese: বৃহস্পতিবাৰ | Assamese: শুক্রবাৰ | Assamese: শনিবাৰ |
| Balti | {{Nastaliq| عدید | {{Nastaliq |چَندار | {{Nastaliq| انگارو | {{Nastaliq| بوتو | {{Nastaliq| بریس پود | {{Nastaliq| شوگورو | {{Nastaliq| شنگشر |
| Bengali | Bengali: রবিবার/সূর্যবার | Bengali: সোমবার/চন্দ্রবার | Bengali: মঙ্গলবার | Bengali: বুধবার | Bengali: বৃহস্পতিবার/গুরুবার | Bengali: শুক্রবার/জুম্মাবার | Bengali: শনিবার |
| Bhojpuri | Bhojpuri: एतवार | Bhojpuri: सोमार | Bhojpuri: मंगर | Bhojpuri: बुध | Bhojpuri: बियफे | Bhojpuri: सुक्क | Bhojpuri: सनिच्चर |
| Burushaski | {{Nastaliq| اَدِت | {{Nastaliq| ژَندُرَہ | {{Nastaliq| اَنگارو | {{Nastaliq| بودو | {{Nastaliq| بِریسپَت | {{Nastaliq| شُکرو | {{Nastaliq| شِمشیر |
| Chitrali (Khowar) | {{Nastaliq| یک شمبے | {{Nastaliq| دو شمبے | {{Nastaliq| سہ شمبے | {{Nastaliq| چار شمبے | {{Nastaliq| پچھمبے | {{Nastaliq| آدینہ | {{Nastaliq| شمبے |
| Gujarati | Gujarati: રવિવાર | Gujarati: સોમવાર | Gujarati: મંગળવાર | Gujarati: બુધવાર | Gujarati: ગુરૂવાર | Gujarati: શુક્રવાર | Gujarati: શનિવાર |
| Hindi | Hindi: रविवार/सूर्यवार | Hindi: सोमवार/चन्द्रवार | Hindi: मंगलवार | Hindi: बुधवार | Hindi: गुरुवार | Hindi: शुक्रवार | Hindi: शनिवार |
| Hindko | {{Uninastaliq| اتوار | {{Uninastaliq| سؤ وار | {{Uninastaliq| منگل | {{Uninastaliq| بدھ | {{Uninastaliq| جمعرات | {{Uninastaliq| جمعہ | {{Uninastaliq| خالي |
| Hmar | Pathienni | Thawṭanni | Thawleni | Nilaini | Ningani | Zirtawpni | Inrinni |
| Kannada | Kannada: ಭಾನುವಾರ | Kannada: ಸೋಮವಾರ | Kannada: ಮಂಗಳವಾರ | Kannada: ಬುಧವಾರ | Kannada: ಗುರುವಾರ | Kannada: ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ | Kannada: ಶನಿವಾರ |
| Kashmiri | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|آتھوار pronounced as //aːtʰwaːr// | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|ژٔنٛدرٕوار pronounced as //t͡səndrɨwaːr// | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|بوموار/ بۄنٛوار pronounced as //boːmwaːr// or pronounced as //bɔ̃waːr// | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|بۄدوار pronounced as //bɔdwaːr// | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|برَٛسوار/ برٛؠسوار pronounced as //braswaːr// or pronounced as //brʲaswaːr// | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|شۆکُروار/ جُمعہ pronounced as //ʃokurwaːr// or pronounced as //jumaːh// | Kashmiri: {{Uninastaliq|بَٹہٕ وار pronounced as //baʈɨwaːr// |
| Konkani | Konkani: आयतार | Konkani: सोमार | Konkani: मंगळार | Konkani: बुधवार | Konkani: भीरेस्तार | Konkani: शुक्रार | Konkani: शेनवार |
| Maithili | Maithili: | Maithili: | Maithili: | Maithili: | Maithili: | Maithili: | Maithili: |
| Malayalam | Malayalam: ഞായര് | Malayalam: തിങ്കള് | Malayalam: ചൊവ്വ | Malayalam: ബുധന് | Malayalam: വ്യാഴം | Malayalam: വെള്ളി | Malayalam: ശനി |
| Maldivian | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: އާދީއްތަ | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: ހޯމަ | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: އަންގާރަ | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: ބުދަ | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: ބުރާސްފަތި | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: ހުކުރު | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian: ހޮނިހިރު |
| Marathi | Marathi: रविवार | Marathi: सोमवार | Marathi: मंगळवार | Marathi: बुधवार | Marathi: गुरूवार | Marathi: शुक्रवार | Marathi: शनिवार |
| Meitei (Manipuri) | Manipuri: ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ | Manipuri: ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ | Manipuri: ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ | Manipuri: ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁ | Manipuri: ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ | Manipuri: ꯏꯔꯥꯢ | Manipuri: ꯊꯥꯡꯖ |
| Nepali | Nepali: आइतवार | Nepali: सोमवार | Nepali: मंगलवार | Nepali: बुधवार | Nepali: बिहिवार | Nepali: शुक्रवार | Nepali: शनिवार |
| Odia | Oriya: ରବିବାର | Oriya: ସୋମବାର | Oriya: ମଙ୍ଗଳବାର | Oriya: ବୁଧବାର | Oriya: ଗୁରୁବାର | Oriya: ଶୁକ୍ରବାର | Oriya: ଶନିବାର |
| Pashto | Pushto; Pashto: يونۍ | Pushto; Pashto: دوه نۍ | Pushto; Pashto: درېنۍ | Pushto; Pashto: څلرنۍ | Pushto; Pashto: پنځه نۍ | Pushto; Pashto: جمعه | Pushto; Pashto: پيلنۍ |
| Punjabi (Gurmukhi) | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਐਤਵਾਰ | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਸੋਮਵਾਰ | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਮੰਗਲਵਾਰ | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਵੀਰਵਾਰ | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ or | Panjabi; Punjabi: ਸ਼ਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ or or or |
| Punjabi (Shahmukhi) | {{Nastaliq| ایتوار | {{Nastaliq| سوموار | {{Nastaliq| منگلوار | {{Nastaliq| بدھوار | {{Nastaliq|ویر وار | {{Nastaliq| جمعہ or | {{Nastaliq|ہفتہ or {{Nastaliq|چھنچھر or {{Nastaliq|چھنچھروار |
| Rohingya | rooibar | cómbar | mongolbar | buidbar | bicíbbar | cúkkurbar | cónibar |
| Santali | Santali: ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | Santali: ᱚᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | Santali: ᱵᱟᱞᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | Santali: ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | Santali: ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱫᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | Santali: ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | Santali: ᱧᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ |
| Sanskrit | Sanskrit: भानुवासर | Sanskrit: इन्दुवासर | Sanskrit: भौमवासर | Sanskrit: सौम्यवासर | Sanskrit: गुरुवासर | Sanskrit: भृगुवासर | Sanskrit: स्थिरवासर |
| Shina | {{Nastaliq| ادیت | {{Nastaliq| تساند ورؤ | {{Nastaliq| نگارو | {{Nastaliq| بوڈو | {{Nastaliq| بیرے سپاٹ | {{Nastaliq| شوکر | {{Nastaliq| شیم شےر |
| Sindhi | Sindhi: آچَرُ or Ārtvāru | Sindhi: سُومَرُ | Sindhi: اَنڱارو or Mangalu | Sindhi: اَربع or Budharu | Sindhi: خَميِسَ or Vispati | Sindhi: جُمعو or Shukru | Sindhi: ڇَنڇَرُ or Śanscharu |
| Sinhala | Sinhala; Sinhalese: ඉරිදා | Sinhala; Sinhalese: සඳුදා | Sinhala; Sinhalese: අඟහරුවාදා | Sinhala; Sinhalese: බදාදා | Sinhala; Sinhalese: බ්රහස්පතින්දා | Sinhala; Sinhalese: සිකුරාදා | Sinhala; Sinhalese: සෙනසුරාදා |
| Sylheti | {{font|ꠞꠂꠛ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px | {{font|ꠡꠝ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px | {{font|ꠝꠋꠉꠟ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px | {{font|ꠛꠥꠗ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px | {{font|ꠛꠤꠡꠥꠗ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px | {{font|ꠡꠥꠇ꠆ꠇꠥꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ/<br>ꠎꠥꠝ꠆ꠝꠣꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px | {{font|ꠡꠘꠤꠛꠣꠞ|font=Surma|size=18px |
| Tamil | Tamil: <small>ஞாயிறு</small> | Tamil: <small>திங்கள்</small> | Tamil: <small>செவ்வாய்</small> | Tamil: <small>புதன்</small> | Tamil: <small>வியாழன் </small> | Tamil: <small>வெள்ளி </small> | Tamil: <small>சனி </small> |
| Telugu | Telugu: ఆదివారం | Telugu: సోమవారం | Telugu: మంగళవారం | Telugu: బుధవారం | Telugu: గురువారం | Telugu: శుక్రవారం | Telugu: శనివారం |
| Urdu | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| اتوار | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| پیر | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| منگل | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| بدھ | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| جمعرات | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| جمعہ | Urdu: {{Nastaliq| ہفتہ |
The Southeast Asian tradition also uses the Hindu names of the days of the week. Hindu astrology adopted the concept of days under the regency of a planet under the term vāra, the days of the week being called āditya-, soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-, śukra-, and śani-vāra. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, that is, the Moon.[27]
| Sunday the Sun (Aditya, Ravi) | Monday the Moon (Soma, Chandra, Indu) | Tuesday Mars (Mangala, Angaraka) | Wednesday Mercury (Budha) | Thursday Jupiter (Bṛhaspati, Guru) | Friday Venus (Shukra) | Saturday Saturn (Shani) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burmese | in Burmese pronounced as /tənɪ̀ɰ̃ ɡənwè/ (ta.nangga.new) | in Burmese pronounced as /tənɪ̀ɰ̃ là/ (ta.nangla) | in Burmese pronounced as /ɪ̀ɰ̃ ɡà/ (Angga) | in Burmese pronounced as /boʊʔ dəhú/ (Buddhahu) (afternoon=new day) Rahu | in Burmese pronounced as /tɕà ðà bədé/ (Krasapate) | in Burmese pronounced as /θaʊʔ tɕà/ (Saukra) | in Burmese pronounced as /sənè/ (Cane) |
| Mon | pronounced as /ŋoa ətɜ̀t/ from Sans. āditya | pronounced as /[ŋoa cɔn]/ from Sans. candra | pronounced as /[ŋoa əŋɛ̀a]/ from Sans. aṅgāra | pronounced as /[ŋoa pùt-həwɛ̀a]/ from Sans. budhavāra | pronounced as /[ŋoa pɹɛ̀apətɔeʔ]/ from Sans. bṛhaspati | pronounced as /[ŋoa sak]/ from Sans. śukra | pronounced as /[ŋoa hɔeʔ sɔ]/ from Sans. śani |
| Khmer | ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ in Central Khmer pronounced as /tŋaj ʔaːtɨt/ | ថ្ងៃចន្ទ pronounced as /[tŋaj can]/ | ថ្ងៃអង្គារ pronounced as /[tŋaj ʔɑŋkiə]/ | ថ្ងៃពុធ pronounced as /[tŋaj put]/ | ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បត្ណិ pronounced as /[tŋaj prɔhoə̯h]/ | ថ្ងៃសុក្រ pronounced as /[tŋaj sok]/ | ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ pronounced as /[tŋaj saʋ]/ |
| Lao | ວັນອາທິດ in Lao pronounced as /wán ʔàːtʰīt/ | ວັນຈັນ pronounced as /[wán càn]/ | ວັນອັງຄານ pronounced as /[wán ʔàŋkʰáːn]/ | ວັນພຸດ pronounced as /[wán pʰūt]/ | ວັນພະຫັດ pronounced as /[wán pʰāhát]/ | ວັນສຸກ pronounced as /[wán súk]/ | ວັນເສົາ pronounced as /[wán sǎu]/ |
| Cham | Adit | Thôm | Angar | But | jip | Suk | Thanưchăn |
| Shan | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ ʔaː˩ tit˥/ | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ tsan˩/ | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ ʔaŋ˦ kan˦/ | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ pʰut˥/ | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ pʰat˦/ | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ sʰuk˦/ | in Shan pronounced as /wan˦ sʰaw˩/ |
| Thai | วันอาทิตย์ Wan Āthit | วันจันทร์ Wan Chan | วันอังคาร Wan Angkhān | วันพุธ Wan Phut | วันพฤหัสบดี Wan Phruehatsabodi | วันศุกร์ Wan Suk | วันเสาร์ Wan Sao |
| Javanese | ꦫꦢꦶꦠꦾ Raditya | ꦱꦺꦴꦩ Soma | ꦲꦁꦒꦫ Anggara | ꦧꦸꦢ Buda | ꦉꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ Respati | ꦱꦸꦏꦿ Sukra | ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦏ꧀ Tumpek |
| Balinese | ᬋᬤᬶᬢᬾ Redité | ᬲᭀᬫ Soma | ᬳᬂᬕᬭ Anggara | ᬩᬸᬤ Buda | ᬯ᭄ᬭᭂᬲ᭄ᬧᬢᬶ Wrespati | ᬲᬸᬓ᭄ᬭ Sukra | ᬲᬦᬶᬲ᭄ᬘᬭ Saniscara |
| Sundanese | ᮛᮓᮤᮒᮦ Radité | ᮞᮧᮙ Soma | ᮃᮀᮌᮛ Anggara | ᮘᮥᮓ Buda | ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮕᮒᮤ Respati | ᮞᮥᮊᮢ Sukra | ᮒᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮨᮊ᮪ Tumpek |
| Toba Batak | Artia | Suma | Anggara | Muda | Boraspati | Singkora | Samisara |
| Angkola-Mandailing Batak | Arita | Suma | Anggara | Muda | Boraspati | Sikkora | Samisara |
| Simalungun Batak | Aditia | Suma | Anggara | Mudaha | Boraspati | Sihora | Samisara |
| Karo Batak | Aditia | Suma | Nggara | Budaha | Beraspati | Cukra | Belah Naik |
| Pakpak Batak | Antia | Suma | Anggara | Budaha/Muda | Beraspati | Cukerra | Belah Naik |
| Sunday the Sun (Aditya, Ravi) | Monday the Moon (Soma, Chandra, Indu) | Tuesday Mars (Mangala, Angāraka) | Wednesday Mercury (Budha) | Thursday Jupiter (Bṛhaspati, Guru) | Friday Venus (Shukra) | Saturday Saturn (Shani) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian | адъяа ad'yaa | сумъяа sum'yaa | ангараг angarag | буд bud | бархабадь barhabad' | сугар sugar | санчир sanchir |
| Kalmyk | адъян өдр ad'yan ödr | сумъян өдр sum'yan ödr | мингъян өдр ming'yan ödr | будан өдр budan ödr | гуръян өдр gur'yan ödr | шикрян өдр shikr'yan ödr | шанун өдр shanun ödr |
The East Asian naming system for the days of the week closely parallels that of the Latin system and is ordered after the "Seven Luminaries" (七曜 qī yào), which consists of the Sun, Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye.
The Chinese had apparently adopted the seven-day week from the Hellenistic system by the 4th century AD, although by which route is not entirely clear. It was again transmitted to China in the 8th century AD by Manichaeans, via the country of Kang (a Central Asian polity near Samarkand).[28] The 4th-century AD date, according to the Cihai encyclopedia, is due to a reference to Fan Ning (范寧), an astrologer of the Jin dynasty. The renewed adoption from Manichaeans in the 8th century AD (Tang dynasty) is documented with the writings of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing and the Ceylonese Buddhist monk Bu Kong.
The Chinese transliteration of the planetary system was soon brought to Japan by the Japanese monk Kobo Daishi; surviving diaries of the Japanese statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga show the seven-day system in use in Heian Period Japan as early as 1007. In Japan, the seven-day system was kept in use (for astrological purposes) until its promotion to a full-fledged (Western-style) calendrical basis during the Meiji era. In China, with the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, Monday through Saturday in China are now named after the luminaries implicitly with the numbers.
Pronunciations for Classical Chinese names are given in Standard Chinese.
| Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celestial Object | Sun (日) First Star – Sun (太陽星) | Moon (月) Second Star – Moon (太陰星) | Mars (火星) Third Star – Fire (熒惑星) | Mercury (水星) Fourth Star – Water (辰星) | Jupiter (木星) Fifth Star – Wood (歲星) | Venus (金星) Sixth Star – Metal or Gold (太白星) | Saturn (土星) Seventh Star – Earth or Soil (鎮星) | |
| Chinese | 日曜日 Rìyàorì | 月曜日 Yuèyàorì | 火曜日 Huǒyàorì | 水曜日 Shuǐyàorì | 木曜日 Mùyàorì | 金曜日 Jīnyàorì | 土曜日 Tǔyàorì | |
| Japanese | 日曜日 Nichiyōbi | 月曜日 Getsuyōbi | 火曜日 Kayōbi | 水曜日 Suiyōbi | 木曜日 Mokuyōbi | 金曜日 Kin'yōbi | 土曜日 Doyōbi | |
| Korean | 일요일 Korean: 日曜日 Iryoil | 월요일 Korean: 月曜日 Woryoil | 화요일 Korean: 火曜日 Hwayoil | 수요일 Korean: 水曜日 Suyoil | 목요일 Korean: 木曜日 Mogyoil | 금요일 Korean: 金曜日 Geumyoil | 토요일 Korean: 土曜日 Toyoil | |
| Mongolian | наран өдөр naraŋ ödör | саран өдөр saraŋ ödör | гал өдөр gal ödör | усан өдөр usaŋ ödör | модон өдөр modoŋ ödör | төмөр өдөр, алтан өдөр tömör ödör, altaŋ ödör | шороон өдөр shorooŋ ödör | |
| Mongolian (Transliteration from Tibetan) | ням nyam | даваа davaa | мягмар myagmar | лхагва lhagva | пүрэв pürev | баасан baasan | бямба byamba | |
| Tibetan | གཟའ་ཉི་མ། (gza' nyi ma) Nyima | གཟའ་ཟླ་བ། (gza' zla wa) Dawa | གཟའ་མིག་དམར། (gza' mig dmar) Mikmar | གཟའ་ལྷག་པ། (gza' lhak pa) Lhakpa | གཟའ་ཕུར་བུ། (gza' phur bu) Purbu | གཟའ་པ་སངས། (gza' pa sangs) Pasang | གཟའ་སྤེན་པ། (gza' spen ba) Penba |
ISO prescribes Monday as the first day of the week with ISO-8601 for software date formats.
The Slavic, Baltic and Uralic languages (except Finnish and partially Estonian and Võro) adopted numbering but took Monday rather than Sunday as the "first day".[29] This convention is also found in some Austronesian languages whose speakers were converted to Christianity by European missionaries.[30]
In Slavic languages, some of the names correspond to numerals after Sunday: compare Russian vtornik (Russian: вторник) "Tuesday" and vtoroj (Russian: второй) "the second", chetverg (Russian: четверг) "Thursday" and chetvjortyj (Russian: четвёртый) "the fourth", pyatnitsa (Russian: пятница) "Friday" and pyatyj (Russian: пятый) "the fifth"; see also the Notes.
| Day Number From One | Monday Day One | Tuesday Day Two | Wednesday Day Three | Thursday Day Four | Friday Day Five | Saturday Day Six | Sunday Day Seven | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 8601 # | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| Russian | понедельник ponedel'nik | вторник vtornik | среда sreda | четверг chetverg | пятница pyatnitsa | суббота subbota | воскресенье voskresen'ye | |
| Belarusian | панядзелак panyadzelak | аўторак awtorak | серада serada | чацвер chats'ver | пятніца pyatnitsa | субота subota | нядзеля nyadzelya | |
| Ukrainian | понедiлок ponedilok | вiвторок vivtorok | середа sereda | четвер chetver | п'ятниця p'yatnytsya | субота subota | недiля nedilya | |
| Lemko Rusyn | понедільок ponedilyok | віторок vitorok | середа sereda | четвер chetver | пятниця pyatnîtsya | субота subota | неділя nedilya | |
| Prešov Rusyn | понедїлёк ponedyilyok | вівторок vivtorok | середа sereda | четверь chetver | пятніця pyatnitsya | субота subota | недїля nedyilya | |
| Pannonian Rusyn | пондзелок pondzelok | вовторок vovtorok | стрeдa streda | штвaртoк shtvartok | пияток piyatok | сoбoтa sobota | нєдзеля nyedzelya | |
| Slovak | ||||||||
| Czech | ||||||||
| Upper Sorbian | ||||||||
| Lower Sorbian | pónjeźela, pónjeźele | wałtora | srjoda | stwórtk | pětk | sobota | njeźela, njeźelka | |
| Polish | ||||||||
| Kashubian | pòniedzôłk | wtórk | strzoda | czwiôrtk | piątk | sobòta | niedzela | |
| Slovene | ||||||||
| Burgenland Croatian | pandiljak, ponediljak | utorak | srijeda | četvrtak | petak | subota | nedilja | |
| Serbo-Croatian (Ijekavian/Ekavian/Ikavian) | ponedjeljak, понедјељак | utorak, уторак | srijeda, сриједа | četvrtak, четвртак | petak, петак | subota, субота | nedjelja, недјеља | |
| понедељак, ponedeljak | среда, sreda | недеља, nedelja | ||||||
| ponediljak, понедилјак | srida, срида | nedilja, недилја | ||||||
| Macedonian | понеделник ponedelnik | вторник vtornik | среда sreda | четврток chetvrtok | петок petok | сабота sabota | недела nedela | |
| Bulgarian | понеделник ponedelnik | вторник vtornik | сряда sryada | четвъртък chetvărtăk | петък petăk | събота săbota | неделя nedelya | |
| Interslavic | ponedělok, понедєлок | vtorok, второк | srěda, срєда | četvrtok, четврток | petok, петок | subota, субота | nedělja, недєлја | |
| Lithuanian | pirmadienis | antradienis | trečiadienis | ketvirtadienis | šeštadienis | sekmadienis | ||
| Latvian | pirmdiena | otrdiena | trešdiena | sestdiena | svētdiena | |||
| Hungarian | szerda Slavic | csütörtök Slavic | péntek Slavic | szombat Hebrew | ||||
| Estonian | laupäev | pühapäev | ||||||
| Võro | puuľpäiv | pühäpäiv | ||||||
| Mongolian (numerical) | нэг дэх өдөр neg dekh ödör | хоёр дахь өдөр hoyor dahi ödör | гурав дахь өдөр gurav dahi ödör | дөрөв дэх өдөр döröv dekh ödör | тав дахь өдөр tav dahi ödör | хагас сайн өдөр hagas sayn ödör | бүтэн сайн өдөр büten sayn ödör | |
| Luo | Wuok tich | Tich ariyo | Tich adek | Tich ang'uen | Tich abich | Chieng' ngeso | Juma pil | |
| Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin) | mande | tunde | trinde | fonde | fraide | sarere | sande | |
| Apma (Vanuatu) | ren bwaleh / mande[31] | ren karu | ren katsil | ren kavet | ren kalim | lesaare | sande | |
| Sona (constructed language) | enyodi | doyodi | tinyodi | cayodi | penyodi | xiodi | zunyodi |
In Standard Chinese, the week is referred to as the "Stellar Period" or "Cycle" .
The modern Chinese names for the days of the week are based on a simple numerical sequence. The word for "week" is followed by a number indicating the day: "Monday" is literally the "Stellar Period One"/"Cycle One", that is, the "First day of the Stellar Period/Cycle", etc. The exception is Sunday, where 日 (rì), "day" or "Sun", is used instead of a number.[32] A slightly informal and colloquial variant to 日 is 天 (tiān) "day", "sky" or "heaven". However, the term 週天 is rarely used compared to 星期天.
Accordingly, the notational abbreviation of the days of the week uses the numbers, for example, 一 for "M" or "Mon(.)", "Monday". The abbreviation of Sunday uses exclusively 日 and not 天. Attempted usage of 天 as such will not be understood.
Colloquially, the week is also known as the "Worship", with the names of the days of the week formed accordingly. This is also dominant in certain regional varieties of Chinese.
The following is a table of the Mandarin names of the days of the weeks. Note that standard Taiwan Mandarin pronounces 期 as qí, so 星期 is instead xīngqí. While all varieties of Mandarin may pronounce 星期 as xīngqi and 禮拜/礼拜 as lǐbai, the second syllable with the neutral tone, this is not reflected in the table either for legibility.
| Day | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Modern Chinese | Chinese: [[:zh:星期一|星期一]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期二|星期二]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期三|星期三]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期四|星期四]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期五|星期五]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期六|星期六]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期日|星期日/星期天]] (or) | |
| Chinese: [[:zh:星期一|週一]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期二|週二]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期三|週三]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期四|週四]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期五|週五]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期六|週六]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期日|週日/週天]] (or, rarely used) | ||
| Standard Modern Chinese (regional, informal, colloquial) | Chinese: [[:zh:星期一|禮拜一]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期二|禮拜二]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期三|禮拜三]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期四|禮拜四]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期五|禮拜五]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期六|禮拜六]] | Chinese: [[:zh:星期日|禮拜天/禮拜日]] (or) |
Sunday comes first in order in calendars shown in the table below. In the Abrahamic tradition, the first day of the week is Sunday. Biblical Sabbath (corresponding to Saturday) is when God rested from six-day Creation, making the day following the Sabbath the first day of the week (corresponding to Sunday). Seventh-day Sabbaths were sanctified for celebration and rest. After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day of the week, but also gradually displaced Saturday as the day of celebration and rest, being considered the Lord's Day.
Saint Martin of Dumio (c. 520–580), archbishop of Braga, decided not to call days by pagan gods and to use ecclesiastic terminology to designate them. While the custom of numbering the days of the week was mostly prevalent in the Eastern Church, Portuguese, Mirandese and Galician, due to Martin's influence, are the only Romance languages in which the names of the days come from numbers rather than planetary names.
Members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) historically objected to the pagan etymologies of days and months and substituted numbering, beginning with First Day for Sunday.
Icelandic is a special case within the Germanic languages, maintaining only the Sun and Moon (sunnudagur and mánudagur respectively), while dispensing with the names of the explicitly heathen gods in favour of a combination of numbered days and days whose names are linked to pious or domestic routine (föstudagur, "Fasting Day" and laugardagur, "Washing Day"). The "washing day" is also used in other North Germanic languages, but otherwise the names correspond to those of English.
| Day Number from One | Sunday (Day One) | Monday (Day Two) | Tuesday (Day Three) | Wednesday (Day Four) | Thursday (Day Five) | Friday (Day Six) | Saturday (Day Seven) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icelandic | þriðjudagur | fimmtudagur | ||||||
| Hebrew | yom rishon | yom sheyni | yom shlishi | yom revi'i | yom chamishi | yom shishi | Shabbat | |
| Ecclesiastical Latin | Dominica | feria secunda | feria tertia | feria quarta | feria quinta | feria sexta | sabbatum | |
| Portuguese | segunda-feira | terça-feira | quarta-feira | quinta-feira | sexta-feira | |||
| Galician | segunda feira | terza feira terceira feira | corta feira quarta feira | quinta feira | sexta feira | |||
| Mirandese | segunda-feira | terça-feira | quarta-feira | quinta-feira | sesta-feira | |||
| Tetum | loron-domingu | loron-segunda | loron-tersa | loron-kuarta | loron-kinta | loron-sesta | loron-sábadu | |
| Greek | Κυριακή Kyriakí | Δευτέρα Deftéra | Τρίτη Tríti | Τετάρτη Tetárti | Πέμπτη Pémpti | Παρασκευή Paraskeví | Σάββατο Sávato | |
| Georgian | კვირა k'vira | ორშაბათი oršabati | სამშაბათი samšabati | ოთხშაბათი otxšabati | ხუთშაბათი xutšabati | პარასკევი p'arask'evi | შაბათი šabati | |
| Western Armenian | Կիրակի Giragi | Երկուշաբթի Yergushapti | Երեքշաբթի Yerekshapti | Չորեքշաբթի Chorekshapti | Հինգշաբթի Hinkshapti | Ուրբաթ Urpat | Շաբաթ Shapat | |
| Eastern Armenian | կիրակի kiraki | երկուշաբթի yerkushapʰtʰi | երեքշաբթի yerekʰshapʰtʰi | չորեքշաբթի chʰorekʰshapʰtʰi | հինգշաբթի hingshapʰtʰi | ուրբաթ urpʰatʰ | շաբաթ shapʰatʰ | |
| Vietnamese | thứ hai | thứ ba | thứ tư | thứ năm | thứ sáu | thứ bảy | ||
| Somali | Axad | Isniin | Talaado | Arbaco | Khamiis | Jimco | Sabti | |
| Amharic | əhud | säñño | maksäñño | räbu, rob | hamus | arb | ḳədame | |
| Arabic | Arabic: الأَحَد al-ʔaḥad | Arabic: الإثنين al-iṯnayn | Arabic: الثُّلَاثاء aṯ-ṯulāṯāʔ | Arabic: الأَرْبعاء al-ʔarbiʕāʔ | Arabic: الخَمِيسُ al-ḵamīs | Arabic: الجُمُعَة al-jumuʕah (also الجُمْعَة al-jumʕah) | Arabic: السَّبْت as-sabt | |
| Maltese | il-Ħadd | it-Tnejn | it-Tlieta | l-Erbgħa | il-Ħamis | |||
| Malay (incl. Indonesian and Malaysian) | Ahad or Minggu | Isnin or Senin | Selasa | Rabu | K(h)amis | |||
| Javanese | Senèn | Selasa | Rebo | Kemis | ||||
| Sundanese | Senén | Salasa | Rebo | Kemis | ||||
| Persian | یکشنبه yekšanbe | دوشنبه došanbe | سهشنبه sešanbe | چهارشنبه čāhāršanbe | پنجشنبه panjšanbe | آدینه or جمعه ādine or djom'e | شنبه šanbe | |
| Kazakh | Жексенбі Jeksenbı | Дүйсенбі Düisenbı | Сейсенбі Seisenbı | Сәрсенбі Särsenbı | Бейсенбі Beisenbı | Жұма Jūma | Сенбі Senbı | |
| Karakalpak | Ekshembi yekşembı | Dúyshembi düişembı | Siyshembi sişembı | Sárshembi särşembı | Piyshembi pişembı | Jumа jūma | Shembі şembı | |
| Tatar | Якшәмбе yakşämbe | Дүшәмбе düşämbe | Сишәмбе sişämbe | Чәршәмбе çärşämbe | Пәнҗешәмбе pänceşämbe | Җомга comga | Шимбә şimbä | |
| Khowar | یک شمبے yak shambey | دو شمبے du shambey | سہ شمبے sey shambey | چار شمبے char shambey | پچھمبے pachhambey | آدینہ adina | شمبے | |
| Kurdish | Yekşem | Duşem | Sêşem | Çarşem | Pêncşem | În | Şemî | |
| Uyghur | ||||||||
| Old Turkic | birinç kün | ikinç kün | üçünç kün | törtinç kün | beşinç kün | altınç kün | yetinç kün | |
| Turkish | ||||||||
| Azerbaijani | Bazar | Çərşənbə axşamı | Cümə axşamı | Cümə | Şənbə | |||
| Uzbek | Yakshanba | Dushanba | Seshanba | Chorshanba | Payshanba | Juma | Shanba | |
| Navajo |
In Swahili, the day begins at sunrise, unlike in the Arabic and Hebrew calendars where the day starts at sunset (therefore an offset of twelve hours on average), and unlike in the Western world where the day starts at midnight (therefore an offset of six hours on average). Saturday is therefore the first day of the week, as it is the day that includes the first night of the week in Arabic.
Etymologically speaking, Swahili has two "fifth" days. The words for Saturday through Wednesday contain the Bantu-derived Swahili words for "one" through "five". The word for Thursday, Alhamisi, is of Arabic origin and means "the fifth" (day). The word for Friday, Ijumaa, is also Arabic and means (day of) "gathering" for the Friday noon prayers in Islam.
In the Žejane dialect of Istro-Romanian, lur (Monday) and virer (Friday) follow the Latin convention, while utorek (Tuesday), sredu (Wednesday), and četrtok (Thursday) follow the Slavic convention.[34]
There are several systems in the different Basque dialects.[35]
| Day | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Basque, Guipuscoan Basque | astelehena ("week-first") | asteartea ("week-between") | asteazkena ("week-last") | osteguna ("Ortzi/Sky day") | ostirala (see Ortzi) | larunbata ("fourth", "meeting of friends"), neskenegun ("girls' day") | igandea | |
| Biscayne Basque | astelena ("week-first"), ilen ("Moon day") | martitzena ("Mars day") | eguaztena ("day last") | eguena ("day of days", "day of light") | barikua ("day without supper"), egubakotx | zapatua (compare with Spanish sábado from Sabbath) | domeka (from Latin Dominica [dies]) |
In Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino), which is mainly based on a medieval version of Spanish, the five days of Monday–Friday closely follow the Spanish names. For Sunday is used the Arabic name, which is based on numbering (meaning "Day one" or "First day"), because a Jewish language was not likely to adapt a name based on "Lord's Day" for Sunday. As in Spanish, the Ladino name for Saturday is based on Sabbath. However, as a Jewish language—and with Saturday being the actual day of rest in the Jewish community—Ladino directly adapted the Hebrew name, Shabbat.[36]
The days of the week in Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language) originated from the Sanamahi creation myth of Meitei mythology.[37] [38] [39] [40]
Lord's Day – From Latin Latin: Dominicus (Latin: Dominica) or Greek Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Κυριακή
Holy Day and First-Day of the Week (Day of the Sun -> Light -> Resurrection -> Born again) (Christianity)
Bazaar Day
Market Day
No Work
Full good day
Borrowed from English week
From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
After No Work
After Bazaar
Head of Week
Master (as in Pir, because Muhammad was born on a Monday)
From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
First day of the week
Thing (Assembly), of which god Tyr/Ziu was the patron.
Second day of the week (cf. Hungarian Hungarian: kettő 'two')
Third day of the week.
From Arabic 'third day'
From Proto-Slavic 'second'
Mid-week or Middle
Third day of the week
The day between two fasts (An Dé idir dhá aoin, contracted to An Déardaoin) (Christianity)
Five (Arabic)
Fifth day of the week.
Fourth day of the week.
The Fast (Celtic) or Fasting Day (Icelandic) (Christianity)
Good Friday or Preparation (Christianity)
Gathering/Assembly/Meeting (Islam) – in Malta with no Islamic connotations
Fifth day of the week
Borrowed from Germanic languages Or canàbara, cenàbara, cenàbera, cenàbura, cenarba, chenàbara, chenabra, chenapra, chenàpura, chenarpa, chenàura, cianàbara, chenabura; meaning holy supper as preparation to the sabbathday(Saturday)
Shabbat (Jewish and Christian Sabbath)
Wash or Bath day
Sun-eve (Eve of Sunday)
End of the Week (Arabic Arabic: Sabt 'rest')
Week
Half good day
Half day