David LaChapelle explained

David LaChapelle
Birth Date:11 March 1963
Birth Place:Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.

David LaChapelle (born March 11, 1963[1]) is an American photographer, music video director, and film director. He is best known for his work in fashion and photography, which often references art history and sometimes conveys social messages. His photographic style has been described as "hyper-real and slyly subversive" and as "kitsch pop surrealism".[1] [2] Once called "the Fellini of photography",[3] LaChapelle has worked for international publications and has had his work exhibited in commercial galleries and institutions around the world.[4] [5] [6]

Early life

David LaChapelle was born in Hartford, Connecticut to Philip and Helga LaChapelle; he has a sister Sonja and a brother Philip.[7] His mother was a refugee from Lithuania who arrived at Ellis Island in the early 1960s.[6] His family lived in Hartford until he was 9 years old. He has said to have loved the public schools in Connecticut and thrived in their art program as a child and teenager, although he struggled with bullying growing up.[8]

He and his family moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where they lived until he was 14 years old, before returning north to Fairfield, Connecticut. He was bullied in his North Carolina school for his sexuality.[6] When he was 15 years old, he ran away from home to become a busboy at Studio 54 in New York City.[1]

Eventually he returned to North Carolina to enroll in the North Carolina School of the Arts.[1]

His first photograph was of his mother Helga on a family vacation in Puerto Rico. LaChapelle credits his mother for influencing his art direction in the way she set up scenes for family photos in his youth.

Beginning to photography

Early fine-art photography

LaChapelle was affiliated in the 1980s with 303 Gallery which also exhibited artists such as Doug Aitken. After people from Interview magazine saw his work exhibited, LaChapelle was offered work with the magazine.[9] When LaChapelle was 17 years old, he met Andy Warhol, who hired him as a photographer for Interview while he was still in high school.[6] [10] Warhol reportedly told LaChapelle "Do whatever you want. Just make sure everybody looks good." LaChapelle's images subsequently appeared on the covers and pages of magazines such as Details, GQ, i-D, The New York Times Magazine, Rolling Stone, The Face, Vanity Fair, Vogue Italia, and Vogue Paris.[4] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]

LaChapelle's work has been called "meticulously created in a high-gloss, color-popping, hyper-realistic style", and his photos are known to, "crackle with subversive – or at least hilarious – ideas, rude energy and laughter. They are full of juicy life."[16] In 1995 David LaChapelle shot the famous 'kissing sailors' advertisement for Diesel. It was staged at the peace celebration of World War II and became one of the first public advertisements showing a gay or lesbian couple kissing.[17] Much of its controversy was due it being published at the height of the don't ask, don't tell debates in United States, which had led to the U.S. government to ban openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons from military service. In a long article published by frieze in 1996, the advertisement was credited for its "overarching tone of heavy-handed humor and sarcasm".[17] In September 2011 when the don't ask, don't tell law was finally removed by President Barack Obama, Renzo Rosso, the founder and president of Diesel, who originally had approved and pushed for the advertisement, said "16 years ago people wouldn't stop complaining about this ad. Now it's finally accepted legally."[18]

Awards

1995: "Best New Photographer of the Year" by French Photo and American Photo magazines[19] 1996: “Photographer of the Year Award” at the VH-1 Fashion Awards“Applied Photography of the Year Award” from The International Center of Photography [19] 1997: Best book Design 1998: Best “Cutting Edge Essay” and “Style Photography” at Life magazine’s Alfred Eisenstadt Awards for Magazine Photography[19] 1999: Honored in the “Cover of the Year”2000: Won "Best Video" for Moby's "Nature Blues" at the MTV Europe Music Award[19]

Fine-art photography

Themes in LaChapelle's art photography, which he has developed in his Maui home, include salvation, redemption, paradise, and consumerism.[6] [20] [21] [22] It is clear that LaChapelle's moving in this, "new direction highlights his interest and understanding of both contemporary practice and art history".[23]

LaChapelle's images "both bizarre and gorgeous have forged a singular style that is unique, original, and perfectly unmistakeable.[24] " His photographs have been collected in a number of books. LaChapelle Land (1996) was selected as one of 101 "Seminal Photographic Books of the Twentieth Century" and is "highly valued by collectors".[25] [26] His second book, Hotel LaChapelle (1999), was described as a "garish, sexy, enchanting trip".[27] Heaven to Hell (2006) featured "almost twice as many images as its predecessors", and "is an explosive compilation of new work by the visionary photographer."[28] LaChapelle, Artists and Prostitutes (2006), a limited-edition, signed, numbered book contains 688 pages of photographs taken between 1985 and 2005.[26] Artists and Prostitutes was published by Taschen and includes a photograph of the publisher Benedikt Taschen in a sadomasochism scene.[29]

Exhibitions

In the last decade, LaChapelle has returned to a focus on fine art photography and has exhibited his work in several galleries and museums.[30] LaChapelle has had solo museum exhibitions at the Barbican Museum in London (2002), Kausthaus Wien in Vienna (2002), Palazzo Reale in Milan (2007), Museo del Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City (2009), the Musee de La Monnaie in Paris (2009), the Museum of Contemporary Art in Taipei (2010), and the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in Israel (2010).[24] [30]

By 2011, LaChapelle had an exhibition at the Lever House in New York[31] and retrospectives at the Museo Arte Contemporáneo de Puerto Rico,[32] the Hanagaram Design Museum in Seoul,[33] and Galerie Rudolfinum in Prague.[34] In the following years, LaChapelle's works were also exhibited at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in LA (2012),[35] the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (2013),[36] Fotografiska Museet in Sweden (2013)[37] and the National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C. (2014).[38]

In 2014, LaChapelle exhibited his series, 'Land Scape' in New York, Vienna, London, and Paris.[39] Other shows include OstLicht Galerie fur Fotografie in Vienna, Austria,[40] MAC Lima in Peru,[41] Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome,[42] and Museo de Arte Contemporáneo in Chile.[43] In 2016, LaChapelle's work was shown at The Victoria and Albert Museum in London,[44] DSC Gallery in the Czech Republic,[45] at several venues in Montevideo in Uruguay[46] and at the Edward Hopper House in New York. In 2018, LaChapelle exhibited ten of his series in one exhibition, Good News For Modern Man, in the Groninger Museum (The Netherlands).[47]

Artistic influences

LaChapelle cites a number of artists who have influenced his photography. In a 2009 interview, he mentioned the Baroque painters Andrea Pozzo and Caravaggio as two of his favorites.[21] A critic has noted that LaChapelle's work has been influenced by Salvador Dalí, Jeff Koons, Michelangelo, Cindy Sherman, and Andy Warhol.[5] Richard Avedon noted that of all the photographers inventing surreal images, LaChapelle has the potential to be the genre's Magritte.[48] Helmut Newton has also contributed to the discourse on LaChapelle, stating in a New York Times article by Cathy Horyn "He [LaChapelle] isn't very impressed by current photography. 'There's a lot of pornographic pictures taken by the young today ... A lot of the nudity is gratuitous. But someone who makes me laugh is David LaChapelle. I think he is very bright, very funny, and good'".[49] LaChapelle is Catholic and often uses religious symbolism in his work.[50]

Personal life

LaChapelle has bipolar disorder, but as he feels drugs do not work for him, he is careful to monitor his mental health. In the mid-1980s, he lost his boyfriend of the time to AIDS.[51] He relocated to London, where that city's counterculture proved enormously influential in forming his aesthetic. "I thought I'd seen it all. When I went to London, the level of creativity and insanity ... they were on a whole other planet."[51] He was particularly struck by that culture's insistence on originality, rather than copying. For him, Los Angeles had been "the literal opposite".[51] While living in London, he married the female publicist of the UK popstar Marilyn; the marriage lasted a year.[51]

In 2006, LaChapelle abruptly left Los Angeles. He moved to a "very isolated part of Hawaii in this forest. It's off the grid, bio-diesel cars, solar-powered, growing our own food, completely sustainable. I thought 'OK, I'm a farmer now. LaChapelle's change in path eventually brought him back to his roots. While in Hawaii, a longstanding colleague invited him to shoot for a gallery, which he had not done since his days as a fledgling photographer in New York. "I was really shocked", LaChapelle recalled. "I'm so known as a commercial artist, a big name as a fashion and celebrity photographer, I didn't think a gallery will take me seriously. It's like being reborn; it's like rebirth; it's like starting over. It's back to where I started, where I very first started in galleries when I was a kid. It's just come full circle."[52]

Publications

*David LaChapelle: From Fashion Photography To Fine Art, Forbes Magazine (Y-Jean Mun-Delsalle) [53]

Films

Videography

Exhibitions

Awards

Public collections

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. News: Maximum Exposure. Sharkey, Alix. The Observer. February 4, 2006. April 7, 2013.
  2. Web site: Who's Bad? The Kitsch Pop Surrealism of David LaChapelle. Pedro. Laila. July 20, 2010. Idiom . Tristan Media LLC. April 7, 2013.
  3. Sigesmund. B.J.. November 11, 1996. Shooting Star: Sexy, campy, and slightly crazed, David LaChapelle is the Fellini of photography. His subjects seem to enjoy the circus. New York. 29. 44. 56–58.
  4. News: Outrageous Fortune - Goss Gallery Opens with a Trove of Celebrity Shooter David LaChapelle's Outré Images. Kutner, Janet. The Dallas Morning News. June 1, 2005.
  5. News: Out of Africa: David LaChapelle's Strange Visions of a Continent. Sturges, Fiona. The Independent. April 23, 2010. April 7, 2013.
  6. News: David LaChapelle: 'Fashion, beauty and glamour are the mark of civilisation'. Day, Elizabeth. The Observer. February 18, 2012. April 7, 2013.
  7. News: LaChapelle, Philip (obituary) . . Hartford Courant. September 23, 2002. April 7, 2013.
  8. von Speidel. Krytian. David LaChapelle. Bomb. July 19, 2011. August 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110823082616/http://bombsite.com/issues/1000/articles/5714. dead.
  9. Web site: Harris. Mark Eduard. American Photo on Campus. February 5, 2014.
  10. Web site: 25 Questions for Photographer David LaChapelle. Wyma. Chloe. December 6, 2012. Artinfo. Louise Blouin Media. April 7, 2013. June 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130604030152/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/761135/25-questions-for-photographer-david-lachapelle. dead.
  11. DeCaro. Frank. November 4, 1996. In LaChapelle Land. Newsweek. 128. 19. 60–61. April 7, 2013.
  12. News: Art In Review; David LaChapelle. Glueck, Grace. The New York Times. June 25, 1999. April 7, 2013.
  13. News: 'Does My Tum Look Fat In This?'; Life & Style: What really happened at the David Beckham fashion shoot (and who applied the baby oil?). Jones, Dylan. Evening Standard. 25–26. April 29, 2002 .
  14. News: Dark Star of Glitz Blitz: No one quite handles flash, brash trash with the glamour of David LaChapelle. Davies, Emily. The Times. April 21, 2005. April 7, 2013.
  15. Web site: Hawaii Retreat Saved My Life, Says LaChapelle. Allsop. Laura. December 23, 2010. Cnn.com. April 7, 2013.
  16. Web site: Conner. Tim. David LaChapelle Earth Laughs in Flowers. The New York Photo Review.
  17. Web site: Identity Parade . https://web.archive.org/web/20080122142014/http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/identity_parade/ . dead . January 22, 2008 . Valerie . Steele . September–October 1996 . frieze.
  18. Web site: Renzo Rosso . Facebook.com.
  19. Web site: David LaChapelle Biography. Art.net.com. June 8, 2022.
  20. Web site: Hawaii Retreat Saved My Life, Says LaChapelle. Allsop. Laura. December 23, 2010. Cnn.com. April 7, 2013.
  21. News: David LaChapelle: 'If I could choose any period to have been an artist, it would definitely be the Baroque'. Dannatt, Adrian. The Art Newspaper. April 2009. April 7, 2013.
  22. News: Shooting Star: David LaChapelle's Search for Redemption. Tariq, Syma. The Guardian. February 6, 2009. April 7, 2013.
  23. News: Oliver. William. David LaChapelle's return to fine art. https://archive.today/20140205182326/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/David-LaChapelle's-return-to-fine-art/20681. dead. February 5, 2014. The Art Newspaper.
  24. Web site: David LaChapelle Catalogue. Artnet.com. 2016-09-15.
  25. Book: Roth, Andrew. The Book of 101 Books: Seminal Photographic Books of the Twentieth Century. PPP Editions in association with Ruth Horowitz. New York. 2001. 0967077443 .
  26. Elbies. Jeffrey. December 16, 2008. David LaChapelle's Weird World: A mammoth new collector's edition book puts David LaChapelle's astonishing career into perspective. Popular Photography. April 7, 2013.
  27. News: "Annie Leibovitz: Women" (review). Dixon, Glenn. Washington City Paper. December 17, 1999. April 7, 2013.
  28. Web site: MoMA Book Store. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222051819/http://www.momastore.org/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay_David-LaChapelle-Heaven-to-Hell_10451_10001_76981_-1_26683_11487. dead. February 22, 2014.
  29. Nicholson. Geoff. May 2006. Stargazing. Modern Painters. 78–83.
  30. Web site: Paul Kasmin Gallery - David LaChapelle. Paulkasmingallery.com. September 15, 2016.
  31. Web site: FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT Leverhouse. leverhouseartcollection.com. September 15, 2016.
  32. Web site: exhibiciones-pasadas. mac-pr.org. September 15, 2016.
  33. Web site: Hangaram Design Museum, Seoul Arts Center - artinasia.com. Artinasia.com. September 15, 2016.
  34. Web site: Publications Galerie Rudolfinum. Galerierudolfinum.cz. September 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160920060044/http://www.galerierudolfinum.cz/en/publication/thus-spoke-lachapelle. September 20, 2016. dead.
  35. Web site: Figure and Form in Contemporary Photography Unframed. Unframed.lacma.org. August 8, 2012 . September 15, 2016.
  36. Web site: Musée d'Orsay: Masculine / Masculine. The Nude Man in Art from 1800 to the Present Day.. Musee-orsay.fr. September 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170118100536/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/events/exhibitions/in-the-musee-dorsay/exhibitions-in-the-musee-dorsay-more/page/4/article/masculin-masculin-37292.html?tx_ttnews%255BbackPid%255D=254&cHash=04786ddf69. January 18, 2017. dead.
  37. Web site: David LaChapelle. May 30, 2016. September 15, 2016. September 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919143007/http://llacademy.org/masters-of-photography/david-lachapelle/. dead.
  38. Web site: Person - National Portrait Gallery. September 15, 2016.
  39. Web site: Paul Kasmin Gallery - DAVID LACHAPELLE LAND SCAPE. Paulkasmingallery.com. September 15, 2016.
  40. Web site: OstLicht. Galerie für Fotografie: David LaChapelle. Ostlicht.at. September 15, 2016.
  41. Web site: DAVID LACHAPELLE, FOTOGRAFIAS 1984 – 2013 : MAC Lima. Maclima.pe. September 15, 2016.
  42. Web site: David LaChapelle. Dopo il Diluvio - Palazzo delle Esposizioni. Esposizioni. Palazzo delle. Palazzoesposizioni.it. September 15, 2016.
  43. Web site: MAC. Mac.uchile.cl. September 15, 2016.
  44. Web site: V&A · Botticelli Reimagined. Victoria and Albert Museum. September 15, 2016.
  45. Web site: Controversial Artist David LaChapelle Returns to Prague. September 15, 2016. September 16, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160916132425/http://www.expats.cz/prague/article/prague-entertainment/controversial-artist-david-lachapelle-returns-to-prague/p1. dead.
  46. Web site: David Lachapelle y un circuito imperdible. Elpais.com.uy. June 5, 2016 . es-ES. September 15, 2016.
  47. Web site: LaChapelle - Groninger Museum . September 21, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180921191154/http://www.groningermuseum.nl/en/lachapelle . September 21, 2018 . dead .
  48. News: Spindler . Amy M. . June 17, 1997 . Making the Camera Lie, Digitally and Often . The New York Times.
  49. News: Horyn . Cathy . November 16, 1999 . Helmut Newton's New Book, With Its Own Coffee Table . The New York Times.
  50. News: David LaChapelle finds God. Laura Garmeson. 1843. December 7, 2017. March 14, 2018.
  51. Iqbal, Nosheen: Photographer David LaChapelle: 'I never wanted to shoot another pop star – I was tortured by them', The Guardian, November 22, 2017 https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/nov/21/david-lachapelle-photographer-hawaii-warhol
  52. Web site: Ong. Iliyas. Interview: David LaChapelle and His Return to Art. Design Taxi.
  53. Web site: Mun-Delsalle . Y-Jean Mun-Delsalle . September 19, 2014 . David LaChapelle: From Fashion Photography To Fine Art . live . Forbes.com . https://archive.today/20221113224307/https://www.forbes.com/sites/yjeanmundelsalle/2014/09/19/david-lachapelle-from-fashion-photography-to-fine-art/?sh=73195a1f2023 . 2022-11-13.
  54. Dave McNary. Documentary 'Unity' Set for Aug. 12 Release with 100 Star Narrators. Variety. May 1, 2015. April 22, 2015.
  55. Web site: Penny Ford I'll Be There single record info, sleeve and tracklisting. Sanche. Karine. Eurokdj.com. September 27, 2016.
  56. Web site: David LaChapelle on The Creative Finder. Thecreativefinder.com. September 27, 2016.
  57. Web site: David LaChapelle on ArtStack - art online. My Favorite Arts. September 27, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001205433/https://theartstack.com/artist/david-lachapelle/about. October 1, 2016. dead.
  58. News: Just Dandy . Caroline Sullivan . The Guardian . August 19, 2005 . August 22, 2010.
  59. "Music Videos ", LaChapelleStudio.com.
  60. Web site: 13 Things To Know About David LaChapelle ... The Guy Jay Z Rapped About On "All The Way Up (Remix)". May 27, 2016. Global Grind. September 27, 2016.
  61. Web site: Gorillaz, Bizkit, U2 Nab Most Noms For MTV Europe Music Awards. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001174952/http://www.mtv.com/news/1449141/gorillaz-bizkit-u2-nab-most-noms-for-mtv-europe-music-awards/. dead. October 1, 2016. MTV. September 27, 2016.
  62. Enrique Iglesias' sexed-up music video may have been nixed. Entertainment Weekly. September 27, 2016.
  63. Web site: BBC - Music - Review of Elton John - Songs From the West Coast. Quantick. David. September 27, 2016.
  64. News: Can Britney bounce back?. Wise. Louis. October 3, 2007. The Guardian. en-GB. 0261-3077. September 27, 2016.
  65. Web site: 'Dirrty' Christina Aguilera Video Thai-ed To Sex Industry. https://web.archive.org/web/20140715151640/http://www.mtv.com/news/1458223/dirrty-christina-aguilera-video-thai-ed-to-sex-industry/. dead. July 15, 2014. MTV. September 27, 2016.
  66. News: Welcome to my Bubble. Tryangiel. Josh. August 27, 2006. Time. 0040-781X. September 27, 2016.
  67. Web site: J. Lo Is Jenny From The Past In Clip For 'I'm Glad'. https://web.archive.org/web/20160809190928/http://www.mtv.com/news/1470739/j-lo-is-jenny-from-the-past-in-clip-for-im-glad/. dead. August 9, 2016. MTV. September 27, 2016.
  68. I'm Glad. Vibe. 1070-4701.
  69. Book: Ovalle, Priscilla Peña. Dance and the Hollywood Latina: Race, Sex, and Stardom. Rutgers University Press. 2011. 978-0813548807. registration.
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  71. Web site: Christina, Lil' Kim Get Even 'Dirrtier' For 'Can't Hold Us Down' Clip. https://web.archive.org/web/20150107230607/http://www.mtv.com/news/1471890/christina-lil-kim-get-even-dirrtier-for-cant-hold-us-down-clip/. dead. January 7, 2015. MTV. September 27, 2016.
  72. The Trouble with Being Myself (CD liner notes). Macy Gray. Epic Records. 2003. EK 86535
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  75. Web site: Jail Cells, Whips, Sexual Energy — Yup, It's A Blink-182 Video. https://web.archive.org/web/20141220083301/http://www.mtv.com/news/1479587/jail-cells-whips-sexual-energy-yup-its-a-blink-182-video/. dead. December 20, 2014. MTV. September 27, 2016.
  76. Web site: Gwen Stefani Bumps Off Bandmates In 'It's My Life'. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001174954/http://www.mtv.com/news/1479979/gwen-stefani-bumps-off-bandmates-in-its-my-life/. dead. October 1, 2016. MTV. September 27, 2016.
  77. Web site: Britney Says Controversial New Video Is About Reincarnation. https://web.archive.org/web/20160214111111/http://www.mtv.com/news/1486294/britney-says-controversial-new-video-is-about-reincarnation/. dead. February 14, 2016. MTV. September 27, 2016.
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  80. Web site: Elton John: The Red Piano - The Nudge. September 27, 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001165700/https://thenudge.com/london-lifestyle/elton-john-the-red-piano. October 1, 2016.
  81. Web site: ATRL - The TRL Archive - Debuts. atrl.net. September 27, 2016. April 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090423075716/http://www.atrl.net/trlarchive/?s=debuts. dead.
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  87. Web site: Watch: Florence & The Machine - Spectrum. May 30, 2012 . September 27, 2016.
  88. Mariah Carey Releases 'Almost Home' Video: Watch. Billboard. September 27, 2016.
  89. Web site: Watch the Documentary about David LaChapelle's "Evening in Space". March 20, 2015. Highsnobiety. September 27, 2016.
  90. Watch Dancer Sergei Polunin in Hozier's 'Take Me to Church'. Regan. Helen. Time . September 28, 2016.
  91. Web site: Delirium of Reason -ACSI. exhibit-E.com. 212fashion.tv. September 22, 2016.
  92. Web site: DAVID LACHAPELLE: POSTMODERN POP PHOTOGRAPHY - Tel Aviv Museum of Art. Tamuseum.org.il. September 22, 2016.
  93. Web site: 台北當代藝術館 官方網站 Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei - 超潮攝影家－大衛．拉夏培爾 David Lachapelle. Mocataipei.org.tw. September 22, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923055938/http://www.mocataipei.org.tw/index.php/2012-01-12-03-36-46/past-exhibitions/122-2010exhibition/406-david-lachapelle#%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%BD%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9-about-the-exhibition. September 23, 2016. dead.
  94. Web site: Tak pravil LaChapelle Galerie Rudolfinum. Galerierudolfinum.cz. September 22, 2016.
  95. Web site: Burning Beauty - Fotografiska. en-US. September 22, 2016.
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  97. Web site: Currently on view. EDWARD HOPPER HOUSE ART CENTER. September 22, 2016.
  98. Web site: 현재 전시. Ara Modern Art Museum. December 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170224170642/http://www.aramuseum.org/home/?c=6%2F43. February 24, 2017. dead.
  99. Web site: David LaChapelle: Lost + Found . Art . June 30, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151211/https://www.artrabbit.com/events/david-lachapelle-lost-found . September 25, 2020.
  100. Web site: Renowned photographer David LaChapelle speaks to UNCSA high school graduates about the life of an artist. May 16, 2015 . September 22, 2016.
  101. Web site: Join YPA for our November 2014 Fundraising Gala – Young Photographers Alliance. youngphotographersalliance.org. July 25, 2016.
  102. Web site: American Friends of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art Gala at the Standard Club Chicago - Floral Blog - Natural Beauties Floral - Chicago IL. Naturalbeautiesfloral.com. September 22, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923111503/http://www.naturalbeautiesfloral.com/blog/2012/9/14/american-friends-of-the-tel-aviv-museum-of-art-gala-at-the-s.html. September 23, 2016. dead.
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  105. Web site: R!OT Wins 2004 MVPA Award for Best Special Effects. Creativemac.com. September 22, 2016. September 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923104631/http://www.creativemac.com/article/R!OT-Wins-2004-MVPA-Award-for-Best-Special-Effects-25809. dead.
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