David Gruber Explained

David Gruber
Image Upright:0.8
Birth Place:Paterson, New Jersey, US
Citizenship:United States
Field:Marine Biology
Work Institution:Baruch College
Harvard University
American Museum of Natural History
Alma Mater:Rutgers University (PhD)
Columbia University (MS)
Duke University (MEM)
University of Rhode Island (BS)

David Gruber is an American marine biologist, a Presidential Professor of Biology and Environmental Sciences at Baruch College, City University of New York,[1] and a National Geographic Explorer.[2]

Early life

Gruber was born in Paterson, New Jersey, and received his B.S. at the University of Rhode Island, an M.S. in journalism from Columbia University, a Master of Environmental Management from Duke University and a Ph.D. in Biological Oceanography at Rutgers University Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences. He completed a post-doctoral position in Molecular Psychiatry at Brown University. David was a 2017–2018 Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University,[3] and is a current Adjunct Fellow at the John B. Pierce Laboratory,[4] affiliated with the Yale School of Medicine.

Career

Gruber and collaborators reported discoveries of more than 180 new fluorescent fish species in 2014,[5] as reported in The New York Times's article, "Fluorescence is Widespread in Fish, Study Finds."[6] In 2015, he observed fluorescence in Hawksbill sea turtles in the Solomon Islands,[7] marking the first time that scientists had observed fluorescence in a marine reptile.[8] Field video of this discovery was featured on National Geographic.[9] Also in 2015, Gruber gave a TED Talk on fluorescence in sea creatures at Mission Blue II which has been viewed over 2.3 million times.[10] In 2020, this discovery was listed by National Geographic as a “top 20 scientific discoveries of the decade” for “Seeing animals’ unexpected sides.” [11]

Gruber and collaborators again had video featured on the National Geographic website[12] in 2016 after engineering a "shark-eye" camera,[13] which for the first time allowed scientists to view sharks as they see each other. From 2017 to 2018, Gruber used his time as a Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute of Advanced Study in order to pursue an in-depth study of jellyfish on topics ranging from their fluorescence, to their connection to humans and how they are effected by climate change.[14] Gruber would use this research into jellyfish in order to act as an educator on a TED-ed animation.[15] In 2018, Gruber promoted marine biology for National Geographic Kids' series "Best Job Ever."[16]

In 2019, Gruber was part of the team responsible for discovering that bromo-tryptophan-kynurenines make sharks fluorescent,[17] and this work was featured in The New York Times,[18] National Geographic,[19] Science Magazine,[20] on PBS[21] and on CNN.[22] That same year, Gruber and team were again featured in an article in National Geographic[23] for their discovery of flashlight fish schooling at night using their bioluminescent organs, which opened up the possibility that schooling fish may inhabit even the deep sea,[24] and Gruber led the first study to apply advanced deep machine learning techniques to better detect and classify Sperm Whale bioacoustics.[25] Gruber currently leads Project CETI, an Audacious project to understand Sperm Whale communication.

Delicate exploration/soft robotics

Since 2015, Gruber has worked in collaboration with the Harvard MicroRobotics Laboratory in the development of several gentle robotic devices that allow marine researchers to capture and analyze jellyfish and other delicate sea creatures without causing harm. Working with Robert Wood, the director of the MicroRobotics Laboratory, they have developed Squishy Robot Fingers,[26] [27] the Origami Robot,[28] [29] [30] teleoperated soft robotic arms for submarines,[31] [32] and an ultra-gentle robot with soft fingers.[33] [34] [35] [36]

The work of the "Squishy Finger/Soft Robotics for Delicate Deep-sea Marine Biological Interactions Team" was highlighted in the American Museum of Natural History exhibit, Unseen Oceans.[37] [38]

Awards and honors

Art collaborations

Books

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: David Gruber - The Department of Natural Sciences - Weissman School of Arts and Sciences - Baruch College. www.baruch.cuny.edu. 2019-10-28.
  2. Web site: Learn more about David F. Gruber. Society. National Geographic. www.nationalgeographic.org. en. 2019-10-28.
  3. Web site: David Gruber - Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard university Fellow. www.radcliffe.harvard.edu. 2020-01-17.
  4. Web site: The John B. Pierce Laboratory » Adjunct Faculty.
  5. John S. Sparks. Robert C. Schelly. W. Leo Smith. Matthew P. Davis. Dan Tchernov. Vincent A. Pieribone. David F. Gruber. January 8, 2014. The Covert World of Fish Biofluorescence: A Phylogenetically Widespread and Phenotypically Variable Phenomenon. PLOS ONE. 9. 1. e83259. 10.1371/journal.pone.0083259. 24421880. 3885428. 2014PLoSO...983259S. free.
  6. News: Fluorescence Is Widespread in Fish, Study Finds. James Gorman. January 8, 2014. The New York Times.
  7. David F. Gruber. John S. Sparks. December 7, 2015. First observation of fluorescence in marine turtles.. American Museum Novitates. American Museum of Natural History Research Library. 3845. 2246/6626.
  8. Web site: Scientist discover their first biofluorescent turtle. Jareen . Imam. CNN. 29 September 2015 . 2019-10-28.
  9. Web site: Exclusive Video:First "Glowing" Sea Turtle Found. https://web.archive.org/web/20190830185628/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/09/150928-sea-turtles-hawksbill-glowing-biofluorescence-coral-reef-ocean-animals-science/#close. dead. August 30, 2019. Jane J. Lee. September 28, 2015. National Geographic.
  10. Web site: Glow-in-the-dark sharks and other stunning sea creatures. David Gruber. ted.com. 26 January 2016 . 2020-01-17.
  11. Web site: These are the top 20 scientific discoveries of the decade. https://web.archive.org/web/20191206195325/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/12/top-20-scientific-discoveries-of-decade-2010s/. dead. December 6, 2019. Michael Greshko. April 25, 2016. National Geographic.
  12. Web site: Through a Shark's Eyes: See How They Glow in the Deep. https://web.archive.org/web/20190912194233/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/04/160425-biofluorescence-glowing-catsharks-shark-eye-camera/. dead. September 12, 2019. Brian Clark Howard. April 25, 2016. National Geographic.
  13. David F. Gruber. April 25, 2016. Biofluorescence in Catsharks (Scyliorhinidae): Fundamental Description and Relevance for Elasmobranch Visual Ecology.. Scientific Reports. 6. 24751. Springer Nature Limited. 6. 2016NatSR...624751G. 10.1038/srep24751. 27109385. 4843165. free.
  14. News: Radcliffe's 'jellyfish guy' follows the light. Deborah Halber. March 30, 2018. The Harvard Gazette.
  15. Web site: Jellyfish predate dinosaurs. How have they survived so long?. David Gruber. www.ed.ted.com. 2020-01-17.
  16. Web site: Marine Biologist David Gruber - Best Job Ever. National Geographic Kids. youtube.com. 2020-01-17.
  17. Hyun Bong Park. Yick Chong Lam. Jean P. Gaffney. Vincent Pieribone. David F. Gruber. September 27, 2019. Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism. iScience. 19. 1291–1336. 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019. 31402257. 6831821. 2019iSci...19.1291P. free.
  18. News: How Sharks Glow to Each Other Deep in the Ocean. JoAnna Klein. August 8, 2019. The New York Times.
  19. Web site: These sharks glow underwater—thanks to tiny 'lightsabers'. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809140909/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/08/biofluorescent-catsharks-glow-underwater-with-tiny-lightsabers-metabolites/. dead. August 9, 2019. August 8, 2019. National Geographic.
  20. Elizabeth Pennisi. Elizabeth Pennisi. August 8, 2019. This shark glows using a process previously unknown to science. Science. AAAS. 124.
  21. Web site: Super-shy catsharks have a weird way of lighting up. Katherine J. Wu. August 8, 2019. PBS.
  22. News: These sharks glow bright green in the dark. Ashley Strickland. August 8, 2009. CNN.
  23. Web site: We Finally Know Why Flashlight Fish Glow.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190815154959/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/08/flashlight-fish-glow-blue-for-schooling/. dead. August 15, 2019. Brian Clark Howard. August 14, 2019. National Geographic.
  24. Gruber. David F.. Phillips. Brennan T.. O'Brien. Rory. Boominathan. Vivek. Veeraraghavan. Ashok. Vasan. Ganesh. O'Brien. Peter. Pieribone. Vincent A.. Sparks. John S.. August 14, 2019. Bioluminescent flashes drive nighttime schooling behavior and synchronized swimming dynamics in flashlight fish. PLOS ONE. 14. 8. e0219852. 10.1371/journal.pone.0219852. 6693688. 31412054. 2019PLoSO..1419852G. free .
  25. Bermant, Peter C.. Bronstein, Michael M.. Wood, Robert J.. Gero, Shane. Gruber, David. amp. August 29, 2019. Deep Machine Learning Techniques for the Detection and Classification of Sperm Whale Bioacoustics. Scientific Reports. 9 . Springer Nature. 9. 10.1038/s41598-019-48909-4 . 6715799.
  26. Web site: 'Squishy Finger' Soft Robot Hands Allow Sampling of Delicate Corals. https://web.archive.org/web/20190926013554/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/01/160120-squishy-fingers-robotic-hands-corals-rovs/. dead. September 26, 2019. 2016-01-20. National Geographic News. en. 2019-10-28.
  27. Kevin C. Galloway . Kaitlyn P. Becker . Brennan Phillips . Jordan Kirby . Stephen Licht . Dan Tchernov . Robert J. Wood . David F. Gruber . Soft Robotic Grippers for Biological Sampling on Deep Reefs . Soft Robotics . 3 . 23–33 . 1 . March 17, 2016 . 10.1089/soro.2015.0019 . 27625917 . 4997628 .
  28. Web site: New Origami Robot Handles Sea Creatures With a Softer Touch. https://web.archive.org/web/20181111211506/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/07/news-rad-sampler-soft-robotics-marine-deep-sea-biology/. dead. November 11, 2018. 2018-07-18. National Geographic. en. 2019-10-28.
  29. Rotary-actuated folding polyhedrons for midwater investigation of delicate marine organisms. Zhi Ern. Teoh. Brennan T.. Phillips. Kaitlyn P.. Becker. Griffin. Whittredge. James C.. Weaver. Chuck. Hoberman. David F.. Gruber. Robert J.. Wood. July 18, 2018. Science Robotics. 3. 20. eaat5276 . 10.1126/scirobotics.aat5276. 33141728. free.
  30. News: Don't Squish the Jellyfish. Capture It With a Folding Robotic Claw.. JoAnna. Klein. July 18, 2018. The New York Times.
  31. Web site: No more Iron Man: submarines now have soft, robotic arms. 2018-10-03. Wyss Institute. en-US. 2019-10-28.
  32. A Dexterous, Glove-Based Teleoperable Low-Power Soft Robotic Arm for Delicate Deep-Sea Biological Exploration. Brennan T.. Phillips. Kaitlyn P.. Becker. Shunichi. Kurumaya. Kevin C.. Galloway. Griffin. Whittredge. Daniel M.. Vogt. Clark B.. Teeple. Michelle H.. Rosen. Vincent A.. Pieribone. David F.. Gruber. Robert J.. Wood. October 3, 2018. Scientific Reports. 8. 1. 14779. 10.1038/s41598-018-33138-y. 30283051. 6170437. 2018NatSR...814779P. free.
  33. News: A Robot With Noodle-like Fingers Helps Handle Soft Jellyfish. Sheikh. Knvul. 2019-08-29. The New York Times. 2019-10-28. en-US. 0362-4331.
  34. Ultragentle manipulation of delicate structures using a soft robotic gripper. Nina R.. Sinatra. Clark B.. Teeple. Daniel M.. Vogt. Kevin Kit. Parker. David F.. Gruber. Robert J.. Wood. August 28, 2019. Science Robotics. 4. 33. eaax5425 . 10.1126/scirobotics.aax5425. 33137785. free.
  35. News: Harvard researchers say they've developed a gripping tool that will keep delicate jellyfish from going splat . The Boston Globe.
  36. Web site: Soft Robot Gives Jellyfish a Hug . Science Friday. 2018-08-30. en. 2019-11-01.
  37. News: James Gorman . The Ruthless Phronima, and Other Hidden Wonders of the Sea . March 22, 2018 . The New York Times .
  38. Web site: AMNH Staff . Unseen Oceans Exhibit Press Release . AMNH .
  39. Web site: Iain D. Couzin and David Gruber win the Lagrange Prize -- CRT Foundation 2019.
  40. Web site: Explorers Club Annual Dinner to Focus on Oceans as Earth's Last Frontier for Exploration . Explorers Club Staff . 2019-10-21 . 2019-10-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191028173726/https://explorers.org/news/news_detail/explorers_club_annual_dinner_to_focus_on_oceans_as_earths_last_frontier . dead .
  41. Web site: David Gruber, 2014 Emerging Explorer . National Geographic .
  42. News: The Poincaré Clash. Nasar. Sylvia. 2006-08-28. 2019-10-28. Gruber. David. The New Yorker. en. 0028-792X.
  43. Web site: The Process Behind Joan Jonas' New Oceanic Work. June 17, 2019. Flash Art.
  44. Web site: A Meeting of the Minds: pioneering marine biologist David Gruber and provocative performance artist Joan Jonas discuss their recent collaboration, which highlights the fragile beauty of our oceans. . Angela M.H. Schuster . The Explorers Journal .
  45. Web site: Fictionary of Corals and Jellies . Janaina Tschäpe . David Gruber . amp . TBA21 Journals. www.tba21.org.

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