Najib Razak Explained

Honorific-Prefix:Yang Hormat Dato' Sri Haji
Najib Razak
Order:6th
Office:Prime Minister of Malaysia
Term Start:3 April 2009
Term End:9 May 2018
Predecessor:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Successor:Mahathir Mohamad
Office1:7th President of the United Malays National Organisation
Term Start1:26 March 2009
Term End1:12 May 2018
Predecessor1:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Successor1:Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Order2:9th
Office2:Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
Primeminister2:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Term Start2:7 January 2004
Term End2:3 April 2009
Predecessor2:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Successor2:Muhyiddin Yassin
Order3:12th
Office3:Menteri Besar of Pahang
Monarch3:Ahmad Shah
Term Start3:4 May 1982
Term End3:14 August 1986
1Blankname3:Deputy
1Namedata3:Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman
Predecessor3:Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman
Successor3:Mohd Khalil Yaakob
Embed:yes
Subterm4:1978–1979
Suboffice4:Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts
Subterm5:1979–1981
Suboffice5:Deputy Minister of Education
Subterm6:1981–1982
Suboffice6:Deputy Minister of Finance
Subterm7:1986–1987
Suboffice7:Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports
Subterm8:1987–1990
Suboffice8:Minister of Youth and Sports
Subterm9:1990–1995
Suboffice9:Minister of Defence
Subterm10:1995–1999
Suboffice10:Minister of Education
Subterm11:1999–2008
Suboffice11:Minister of Defence
Subterm12:2008–2018
Suboffice12:Minister of Finance
Subterm13:2012–2013
Suboffice13:Acting Minister of Women, Family and Community Development
Embed:yes
Constituency Mp14:Pekan
Parliament14:Malaysian
Term Start14:6 October 1986
Term End14:6 September 2022[1]
Predecessor14:Mohamed Amin Daud
Successor14:Sh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali
Term Start15:21 February 1976
Term End15:14 June 1982
Successor15:Mohamed Amin Daud
Constituency Am16:Bandar Pekan
Assembly16:Pahang State Legislative
Term Start16:1982
Term End16:1986
Predecessor16:Shamsiah Abdul Hamid
Successor16:Constituency abolished
Birth Name:Mohammad Najib bin Abdul Razak
Birth Date:23 July 1953
Birth Place:Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Federation of Malaya
Party:United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) (since 1976)
Children:5 (including Nazifuddin and Nizar)
Relatives:Hishammuddin Hussein (cousin)
Riza Aziz (stepson)
Alma Mater:University of Nottingham (BSc)[2]
Signature:Najib_Razak_Signature.svg
Native Name Lang:ms
Office1:Faction represented in Dewan Rakyat
Subterm1:1976–1982
Suboffice1:Barisan Nasional
Subterm2:1986–2022
Suboffice2:Barisan Nasional
Office4:Faction represented in Pahang State Legislative Assembly
Subterm4:1982–1986
Suboffice4:Barisan Nasional

Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Malay: محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق|label=[[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]|script=arab|italic=unset, in Malay muhammad nadʒɪb/; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. In 2020, he was convicted of corruption in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal,[3] one of the largest money-laundering and embezzlement scandals in history.[4] [5] He is the son of former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein. Najib Razak was the chairman of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and the president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) from November 2008 to May 2018,[6] [7] which had maintained control of Malaysia's government with a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election.

Najib was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976, at the age of 23, replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan. In the same year, he was appointed the head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of the youth wing's Executive Council. In the early years of his political career, Najib took on a deputy minister role in 1976, and between 1982 and 1986, he was the Menteri Besar of Pahang. Thereafter, until 2009, he was rotated throughout the Cabinet of Malaysia, taking on various ministerial portfolios in defence, education, culture, youth and sports, and finally finance. Between 1993 and 2009, Najib was a vice-president of UMNO. During his tenure as Deputy Prime Minister, he was accused of being involved in the 2006 Altantuya Shaariibuu murder case,[8] but he denied any involvement in the case.[9]

Najib's tenure as prime minister, between 2009 and 2018, was marked by economic liberalisation measures, such as cuts to government subsidies, loosening of restrictions on foreign investment, and reductions in preferential measures for ethnic Malays in business. After the 2013 election, his government pursued a number of its critics on sedition charges, the imprisonment of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim following a conviction for sodomy and the implementation of a Goods and Services Tax (GST). He was Prime Minister during the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disaster and a dispute with North Korea following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam. In 2015, Najib became implicated in a major corruption scandal involving state investment firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling for his resignation, spearheaded by the grassroots movement Bersih.[10] [11] [12] These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens' Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad, Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which sought to oust Najib.[13] [14]

Najib's response to the corruption accusations was to tighten his grip on power by replacing then-deputy prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin, suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament a controversial National Security Council Bill that provides the prime minister with unprecedented powers.[15] [16] Najib's various subsidy cuts have contributed to soaring living costs,[17] while fluctuating oil prices and the fallout from the 1MDB scandal led to a depreciation of the Malaysian currency.[18] [19] These ended with BN's loss in the 2018 general elections. Najib then conceded defeat and promised to help facilitate a smooth transition of power.[20]

On 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), which investigated how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International, a company related to 1MDB, into Najib's bank account.[21] In the process, the police seized a number of fashion accessories worth $273 million while searching through his properties.[22] Najib was subsequently charged and convicted by the High Court on abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption,[23] [24] and was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and fined RM210 million.[25] [26] At the same time, Najib was also simultaneously directed to settle RM1.69 billion in tax arrears owed to the Inland Revenue Board (IRB).[27] The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court on 23 August 2022.[28] He is currently serving his sentence in Kajang Prison.[29]

Early life and education

Najib was born on 23 July 1953 at the Pahang State Secretary official residence in Bukit Bius,[30] Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Najib is the eldest of second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak's six sons, and the nephew of the third PM Hussein Onn. His younger brother, Dato' Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak,[31] runs the country's second-largest lender, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Bhd.[32] Najib is also one of the Four Noblemen of the Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his inherited title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar. He received his primary and secondary education at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur. He later attended Malvern College[33] in Worcestershire, England, and subsequently went to the University of Nottingham, where he received a bachelor's degree in industrial economics in 1974. Najib Razak returned to Malaysia in 1974 and entered the business world, serving briefly at Bank Negara Malaysia and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as a public affairs manager.[34]

Early political career

The eldest son of Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein, was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan. The national outpouring of grief following Tun Razak's death and the respect for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Member of Parliament at the very young age of 23.[35] In 1986 Najib won re-election to the same seat.[35] [36]

From 1982 to 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s, including Defence and Education. In 2004 he became Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and replaced him 2009. Under his leadership, Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections, although for the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won the majority of the popular vote.[37]

Najib was first assigned into the Cabinet of Malaysia at the age of 25 when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Post in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country.[38] He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, becoming the youngest Menteri Besar in the state to enter office when he was sworn in at the age of 29.[39] In 1986 he was appointed as Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in the Cabinet of Mahathir Mohamad. He focused on improving Malaysian sports and introduced the National Sports Policy in 1988. In 1989 Malaysia achieved its best-ever performance at the South East Asia (SEA) Games, held in Kuala Lumpur.[40] Najib was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976. In 1981, he was selected as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning the post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982.[41] [42]

On 26 October 1987, the then leader of the opposition, Lim Kit Siang, called for the Anti-Corruption Agency to investigate how Najib, who was then Pahang MB, could give approval for a logging concession of 2000 acres to a resident of a low-cost housing estate. He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact a nominee for Najib himself.[43]

In 1987, Najib was selected as the acting head of the Movement of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest the post of UMNO Vice-President. Following mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese sentiments were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the same year where Najib spoke. Rising tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and eventually resulted in a security operation known as Operasi Lalang, that included numerous administrative detentions.[44]

Following the complete reorganisation and founding of the "New" UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath of the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis, Najib was appointed president of UMNO Youth in 1988.[45]

By 1993, Najib was elected as one of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's decision to contest as the deputy president of UMNO. Najib continued to defend his post in party elections held in 1993, 1996, and 2004.[46]

Senior Ministerial career

Minister for Defence (1991–1995)

In 1991, Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister of Defence. Under Najib's direction, Malaysian troops were deployed to assist the UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia in 1993 during the Bosnian War.[47] Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians as well as Serbs and Croats.[48] Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993, losing one soldier in an effort to aid US soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu. Najib later criticised the UN's Somalia operation as putting too much emphasis on military action.[49] Since then Malaysia has stated a preference for participating in Chapter 6 "peace enforcement" missions, rather than Chapter 7 "peacekeeping" missions.[50] After four years at the Ministry of Defence, Najib assumed control of the Education Ministry in 1995. He returned to the Ministry of Defence in 2000.

Japanese raped Malay comfort women but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by other UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for compensation and apologies.[51] [52] [53] [54]

Minister for Education (1995–2000)

In 1995, Najib left the Defence Ministry for the first time when he was appointed Minister of Education. His challenge was to respond to Malaysia's newly proclaimed aspiration to become a fully developed nation by 2020. The 1996 Private Higher Education Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools in Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaysia as a regional learning hub.[55]

During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback when he barely won re-election to the Parliament by a margin of 241 votes, compared to a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election. This is a surprise to political observers.[35]

Return as Minister for Defence (2000–2008)

During his second tenure as Minister of Defence Najib coordinated Malaysia's relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, and provided support to Indonesia in arresting those responsible for the 2005 Bali bombings.[56] Najib also oversaw the deployment of Malaysian troops as a part of a UN peacekeeping force in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon following the 2006 Lebanon War.[57]

As Defence Minister, Najib instituted compulsory military service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage interaction and friendship between youth of different ethnic groups and religions.[58] During its first five years of operation, over 339,000 Malaysian youth participated in the PLKN (the Bahasa Malaysian acronym for "Malaysian National Service"),[59] which is intended to promote tolerance, teamwork, and community engagement. The programme, however, has faced challenges. Safety issues in the program have been reported and several people died during or shortly after their terms of service during the program's first few years.[60] In response, Najib strengthened the PLKN's health screening requirements and reinforced the government's commitment to punish negligent PLKN officials.[61]

The Altantuyaa affair

See main article: Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa. French courts investigated allegations of corruption in the purchases of two submarines, by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002, at a time when Najib was the minister of defence. The allegations are that Abdul Razak Baginda, an aide of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine builder DCNS.[62] Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda, tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut and was subsequently murdered. 2 policemen, who were bodyguards posted to Najib, were charged and found guilty.[63] [64] [65] Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[66]

Deputy Prime Minister (2004–2009)

In 2004, Mahathir retired and was replaced by his deputy, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio of responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA, the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC). Najib also chaired more than 28 cabinet committees.[67] He remained as Minister for Defence.

In September 2008, Najib became the Minister for Finance, handing the Defence portfolio to Badawi.[68] During the global financial crisis, Malaysia faced a strong recession and reduced levels of trade throughout the South Asian region. In response, Najib announced a series of stimulus packages to be implemented over a two-year period with the intention of acting as a countercyclical response that might otherwise protect Malaysia's economy. He also pressed for the country to move beyond existing manufacturing capabilities through education, research and development to develop greater strength as a provider of sophisticated business services.[69]

Becoming Prime Minister

After a poor showing by the ruling UMNO coalition in the elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of thirteen Malaysian state governments, Badawi identified Najib as his intended successor. On 8 October 2008, Prime Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving the way for Najib to succeed him. However he said the onus was on Najib to win party elections set for March before he could take over.[70] Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to win on 2 November 2008, without contest.[71]

On 26 March 2009, Najib won the UMNO presidency unopposed. He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009[72] In 2012, Najib also assumed the role of women, family and community development minister, a position he held until the 2013 election.[73]

Prime Minister (2009–2018)

See main article: Premiership of Najib Razak. During his tenure as Prime Minister, Najib implemented various economic and infrastructure development programs, including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) initiative. However, his leadership was marred by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds related to the 1MDB scandal, which led to his political downfall. In this scandal, it was alleged that billions of dollars were siphoned off from the 1MDB state investment fund, which Najib was closely associated with, into his personal accounts and those of his associates. These funds were purportedly used for various personal expenses, including luxury real estate, artwork, and even financing the production of Hollywood films.

Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed that the funds in his personal accounts were donations from a Saudi royal family member, which he said were used for political purposes and not for personal gain. However, investigations by various authorities in multiple countries, including the United States and Switzerland, uncovered evidence suggesting a different story.

In 2018, Najib's political career faced a significant setback when his party, Barisan Nasional, lost the general elections to the Pakatan Harapan coalition. Subsequently, he faced legal charges related to the 1MDB scandal.

Domestic policy

1Malaysia

See main article: 1Malaysia.

1Malaysia is an ongoing campaign announced by Najib on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to emphasise ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance.[74] The eight values of 1Malaysia as articulated by Najib are perseverance, a culture of excellence, acceptance, loyalty, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy.[75] While the concept aimed to promote national unity and inclusiveness, some critics argued that it was primarily a political slogan and that it did not lead to significant policy changes to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural diversity in the country.

On 17 September 2008, Najib launched 1Malaysia.com.my[76] in an effort to communicate with the citizens of Malaysia more efficiently and support the broader 1Malaysia campaign. He has used the site to highlight his policy initiatives and to provide a forum for Malaysians to their government. The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.[77] [78] Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts to establish a favourable online presence through the recruitment and support of bloggers and other social media users, sometimes known as 'cybertroopers.'[79]

However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme. In 2014, the long-serving former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing, among other things, the abandonment by Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition.[80] Najib's tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib's UMNO party, particularly towards Chinese Malaysians.[81] Additionally, there were concerns that the government's efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as a way to consolidate power and influence.

So, while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to promote unity and inclusiveness, it did face controversy and criticism from various quarters during Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister.

BR1M Project

The first BR1M Project was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians. The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given to households with an income of less than RM 3,000 a month.[82]

The second BR1M Project, also known as BR1M 2.0, with more than 2.5 billion ringgit will be distributed to Malaysians nationwide. This will affect 5.7 million household all over the country. In addition to the RM 500.00 for household, the government has also allocated RM 250.00 to single individuals. Those who have received RM 500.00 from the first BR1M project need not apply as it will be automatically processed.[83]

BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw an increase in handouts from RM 650 to RM 950 for individuals earning less than RM 2,000.00, while households earning less than RM 4,000 will receive RM 750.[84] [85] [86] [87] [88]

Housing Programme

See main article: 1Malaysia People's Housing Programme. Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad was established under the PR1MA Act 2012 to plan, develop, construct and maintain affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres. Middle-income is defined as a monthly household (husband and wife) income of between RM 2,500 and RM 7,500.[89]

PR1MA will be the first organisation that exclusively targets this middle segment with homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in a sustainable community.[90]

National Security Council Bill 2015

See main article: National Security Council (Malaysia). In December 2015, the National Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after a marathon six-hour debate. The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers, such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area.[91] Within that area, authorities may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without a warrant.[92] The bill was criticised by rights groups as inviting government abuse.[93] The Malaysian Bar called it a "lurch towards an authoritarian government".[94] The government has defended the bill, with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better co-ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution.

Economic policy

See main article: Economic policy of the Najib Razak government.

New Economic Model

See main article: New Economic Model. On 2 May 2009, Najib announced the government's plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia's transition to a high-income country. The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas.

Reform of government subsidies

See main article: Subsidy reform in Malaysia.

Najib has started to implement comprehensive reform of government subsidies. On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia's general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per the 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model. The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens. Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners, encourage over-consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling.[95] Najib expressed his hope that Malaysians would adopt a healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in the government allocating subsidies worth almost RM1 billion on a commodity that could endanger the people's health".[96] Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain the lowest in Southeast Asia. The government also stated that education and health care would continue receiving state support.[97]

Economic liberalisation

Malaysia has implemented substantial measures to attract foreign investment including a moderation of preferences designed to benefit ethnic Malays. Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, and energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent. As he introduced the reforms Najib stated, "The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind."[98]

Since these reforms have been implemented, the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia. Goldman Sachs received licenses to set up fund management and advisory operations. Citigroup has obtained a permit to offer brokerage services. The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services.

The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009. Malaysia, which is now ranked fifth in the Asia Pacific region, scored well in business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country's business environment such as the New Economic Model, the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme.[99]

Stimulus packages

The Malaysian government passed two stimulus packages to mitigate the effects of the global economic downturn. The first stimulus package, worth RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second package, worth RM 60 billion, was announced on 10 March 2009. Since assuming office as Prime Minister, Najib has been monitoring the progress of the stimulus packages on a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus packages have successfully generated increased economic activity, especially in the construction sector. Malaysia's central bank reported that Malaysia's economy grew at an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half of 2010. Najib says the country is on track to meet the 6% average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020. Commenting on this same economic data Najib said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus. Rather he said the government would focus on improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals and increasing investment.[100]

Foreign policy and state visits

See main article: Foreign relations of Malaysia.

Palestine

See main article: Malaysia–Palestine relations. The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank.[101] Malaysia also supports unity between the Palestinian Fatah and Hamas factions. Najib visited the West Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor, escorted by senior officers of the Malaysian government.[102] Najib became the first Muslim leader from South East Asia to set foot on Palestinian soil.[103] Najib says Palestinians can count on Malaysia, but for there to be lasting peace, Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people. Malaysia will give Palestine the moral, financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles, but securing a future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united. Najib also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the first step – to unite among themselves.[104]

United States

See main article: Malaysia–United States relations.

Najib's visit in September 2017 to the United States on the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Comprehensive Partnership that was established between Malaysia and the United States in 2014.[105]

Najib enjoyed a close personal relationship with then US President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations to a 'comprehensive partnership'.[106] [107]

Najib and Obama met just before the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on 12 April 2010. This was their first one-on-one meeting. During their talk, Obama sought further assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama described as the greatest threat to world security.[108] During the summit, Najib stressed that Malaysia only supported nuclear programmes designed for peaceful purposes. Najib's attendance at the summit was part of a week-long official visit to the United States.[109]

India

See main article: India–Malaysia relations. Najib travelled to India on a five-day state visit in January 2010. His 200-strong entourage included cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, state government officials, members of parliament, and prominent business leaders.[110] During his visit, Najib pushed for a free-trade agreement and co-operation across a wide range of fields.[111] Najib and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and finance. The two countries agreed to sign a free-trade agreement before the end of 2010 and Najib called for signing a "Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement" by the same date.[112] These economic agreements have resulted in plans for RM 1.6 trillion in investment for Malaysia.[113] In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals, specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia.[114]

Singapore

See main article: Malaysia–Singapore relations. Najib made a two-day visit to Singapore, on 21–22 May 2009. During the visit, both Najib and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral relations forward in a more productive manner and will either set aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries. During a speech in Singapore, Najib said he hoped his visit would signal "the beginning of a new era" between the two countries.[115]

in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic problem between the two countries by ending the impasse over transportation links and Singaporean investment in Iskandar Malaysia. He and Lee Hsien Loong have agreed to modify the Points of Agreement signed in 1990. Specifically, the two sides have promised to move the KTM railway station from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands, set up a joint venture to be called M-S Pte Ltd to develop Marina One, and DUO in Bugis but the railway tracks were replaced by the "Green Corridor", develop a rapid transit and high-speed rail links, and allow Temasek and Khazanah to set up a joint venture for the purpose of developing a town in Iskandar Malaysia.[116]

South Korea

See main article: Malaysia–South Korea relations. Najib attended the ASEAN-South Korea Summit on 1 June 2009 hosted by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak. During the summit, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic and trade relations between ASEAN and South Korea After the summit, Najib said Malaysia is keen on emulating South Korea in developing a small-scale nuclear reactor for power generation, as well as South Korea's other low-carbon green technology.[117]

China

See main article: China–Malaysia relations. Najib made a four-day visit to China on 2–5 June 2009. During the visit, Najib mentioned his family's special relationship with China, noting that his father, and Malaysia's second Prime Minister, first established diplomatic relations with China in 1974. During the visit, several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between Najib and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. The two sides signed an endorsed strategic action plan covering 13 major areas, which will serve as the guideline for relations between Malaysia and China. Najib described the trip as most fruitful. Najib also received an honorary doctorate in international relations from the Beijing Foreign Studies University.[118]

Indonesia

See main article: Indonesia–Malaysia relations.

Najib made a visit to Indonesia on 22–24 April 2009. Several issues were discussed, including co-operation in the tourism, oil and gas, and high-technology industries, as well as electricity supply from the Bakun dam to Kalimantan. Najib and his entourage also attended an official dinner hosted by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife Ani Yudhoyono.

New Zealand

See main article: Malaysia–New Zealand relations. Under Najib's government, Malaysia signed a free-trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 August 2010. The agreement will reduce or eliminate tariffs on thousands of industrial and agricultural products. The two countries have also agreed to reciprocate most-favoured nation status in private education, engineering services, environmental protection, mining services and information technology.[119]

Myanmar

In a protest rally in December 2016, Najib criticized the Myanmar authorities for the military crackdown on Rohingya Muslims, and described the ongoing persecution as "genocide".[120] [121]

Philippines and the Moro people of Mindanao

See main article: Malaysia–Philippines relations and Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front has always favoured Malaysia as a mediator in their effort of becoming an autonomous state. On 15 October 2012, the Moro rebels and Philippine authorities devised a peace agreement brokered by Malaysia. During the official signing ceremony, the Malaysian government was invited as a witness to the treaty.[122]

LCS scandal

Najib has been implicated in the misappropriation of funds in the purchase of littoral combat ships (LCS). There is a perception that Najib was "the most powerful decision-maker" in the LCS procurement arrangements as he was both prime minister and finance minister at the time (April 2009).[123] In 2022, Najib commented that the project was given to contractor Boustead Naval Shipyard Sdn Bhd because it was owned by the Armed Forces Fund Board (LTAT) and all profits of the project would thus go to the armed forces.[124]

14th Malaysian general election

Malaysia held its 14th general election in May 2018. Barisan Nasional was dealt a surprising defeat, failing to win a majority for the first time in the country's history. Observers credited the unpopular Goods and Services Tax as well as the swirling 1MDB corruption scandal as key factors in the defeat.[125] On 12 May 2018, Najib resigned as President of UMNO and Chairman of BN and was replaced by UMNO vice-president, Hishammuddin Hussein.[126]

Post-premiership (2018–present)

Najib accepted the defeat and pledged to facilitate a smooth transfer of power. On 12 May 2018, three days after he lost the general elections, a flight manifest stated that Najib and his wife, Rosmah were taking a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta.[127] In response, the Immigration Department, upon the orders of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed a travel ban barring their exit from the country.[128] Amidst the country's mood turning against him, Najib resigned as the leader of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day.[129]

The newly elected Pakatan Harapan government swiftly reopened investigations into the 1MDB scandal. Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part of the investigation into the 1MDB scandal. They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags, 72 large luggage bags containing cash in multiple currencies, and other valuables. The Malaysian police commissioner confirmed that the police seized goods with an estimated value of between US$223 and US$273 million.[130] [131] The police described it as the biggest seizure in Malaysian history.[132]

In January 2019, a 7-second video clip of Najib uttered "Malu Apa Bossku" ("What's there to be ashamed of my boss") went viral on the internet. Najib later released a picture of him posed on a Yamaha Y150 motorcycle with the registration plate 8055KU (BOSSKU).[133] The catchphrase and the picture went viral on social media, especially with Malay youths, and inspired videos, memes, t-shirts, caps, vehicle stickers and a music video.[134] [135] The phenomenon has contributed to Najib's rise in popularity.[136] Najib also claimed that his "Bossku" phenomenon has contributed to a victory for his party in 2020 Kimanis by-election.[137]

In December 2023, his lawyer Mohamed Shafee Abdullah stated that Najib already requested to pursue Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) while serving his jail sentence in the prison.[138]

COVID-19 measure violations

On 6 May 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, Najib was given two fines amounting to RM3,000 for failing to comply with standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the conditional movement control order (CMCO) at a chicken rice restaurant.[139] On 11 January 2022, the police opened an investigation into an event attended by Najib over claims that there was a breach of COVID-19 SOPs.[140]

On 27 February 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin said he will review a video depicting Najib purportedly violating COVID-19 SOPs during a campaign visit in Perling, Johor.[141] On 10 March 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin revealed that his ministry had issued 42 compound notices for the violation of SOPs during the campaign period for the Johor election, including five to Najib.[142] [143] [144]

Controversies and issues

See main article: Najib Razak controversies.

Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu

Mongolian model Altantuya Shaariibuu disappeared outside the house of Abdul Razak Baginda, formerly a close associate of Najib, on October 19, 2006. She was never seen alive again. Three weeks later, her remains were found in a forest in Selangor. In 2008, Abdul Razak was acquitted by the High Court of abetment in the murder of Altantuyaa.[145] In 2015, Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were found guilty of her murder and sentenced to death.[146] In 2007, a Mongolian witness caused a stir in court when she revealed that Altantuya had been photographed having a meal with a Malaysian government official named 'Najib'.[147] Detective P. Balasubramaniam also linked Najib to Altantuya in a statutory declaration (SD) on July 3, 2008.[148] Najib has repeatedly denied knowing Altantuya or that he had any part in her death.[149] [150] [151] Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[66]

1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal

See main article: 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal. On 2 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran an exposé alleging that MYR 2.672 billion (US$700 million) had been channelled from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts, triggering widespread calls for his resignation.[152] [153] [154] Najib denied any wrongdoing and announced plans to sue the newspaper for libel[155] but eventually failed to do so.[156] On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, the ringgit fell to 3.8050 against the US dollar, the first time it slid beyond the 3.80 currency peg, which was lifted in 2005.[157] To back up the allegations, on 7 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal released a batch of partially redacted documents that purportedly show how nearly US$700 million (RM2.6 billion) was moved from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts. These documents relate to transactions in March 2013, December 2014 and February 2015.[158]

The multi-agency task force investigating these allegations reported on 10 July 2015 that Najib's bank accounts at AmBank Islamic were closed before The Wall Street Journal reported the transfers of billions of ringgit to those accounts, thereby confirming that Najib had two accounts at that bank. The task force also confirmed that the six accounts it had just frozen did not belong to Najib but did not name the holders of those accounts[159] Najib's handling of the corruption scandal was criticised by, among others, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin. During Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, Najib dropped Muhyiddin from his position as Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership. Najib stated that the reason for this was to create a more "unified team".[160]

On 1 August 2015, Najib addressed UMNO delegates in Seremban and in a clear reference to the Sarawak Report, the London-based whistleblower site founded and operated by journalist Clare Rewcastle Brown, demanded that "white people" stay out of Malaysia's affairs and stressed that he valued loyalty above all, and not smart people.[161]

On 3 August 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB,[162] but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015.[163] [164] Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6 billion was from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting ISIS. He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.[165]

The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib's own party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use. This suit was filed in the Kuala Lumpur High Court and also named party Executive Secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO "for the sole purpose of avoiding liability" the court was also petitioned for an injunction to restrain UMNO, its Supreme Council, state liaison body, divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a party member pending the determination of the suit. The plaintiff also sought repayment amounting to US$650 million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in the AmPrivate Banking Account No 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.[166]

On 21 September 2015, the New York Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of corruption involving Najib as well as people close to him. In particular, investigators focused on properties in the United States that were purchased in recent years by shell companies owned by Najib's stepson Riza Aziz or connected to a close family friend, as well as a $681 million payment made to what is believed to be Najib's personal bank account.[167]

The claimed MYR 2.6 billion "donation" into Najib's personal accounts led the opposition to table a no-confidence motion against Najib, on 18 October 2015.[168]

On 26 January 2016, Malaysia's Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that the investigation into the $681 million payment into Najib's personal bank account had been closed. The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating the gift, led by Apandi, concluded that no laws had been broken and that the gift did not amount to graft. Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney general, Abdul Gani Patail, was abruptly dismissed by Najib. Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, reported that Abdul Gani was removed for health reasons, many speculated that his dismissal was related to the 1MDB corruption investigation.[169] The Attorney General then said that the [Saudi Royal Family] was the source of the $681 million gift,[170] although doubts remained as the Saudi ministries of foreign affairs and finance had no information on the purported gift.[171]

Najib was reported to have returned $620 million to the Saudi royal family in 2013, but no explanation was given as to the reason for the investment or what happened to the $61 million Najib did not return.[172] Najib hailed the results of the investigation and reiterated his denial of any wrongdoing.

On 28 March 2016, the Australian television programme Four Corners in an episode called State of Fear: Murder and Money in Malaysia,[173] aired new allegations about the large sums of money that have flowed into the bank accounts of Najib Razak.

On 30 March 2016, the Wall Street Journal, Time and several other news agencies reported that Najib and his wife, Rosmah Mansor had spent $15 million on luxury goods and extravagant travel expenses.[174] During Najib Razak's golf diplomacy with U.S. President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation documents show that Rosmah Mansor had purchased items amounting to $130,625 at a Chanel store in Honolulu, Hawaii. The allegation was confirmed when a store employee at the Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalled Najib's wife shopping there just before 25 December 2014.[175]

In April 2016, Mohd Nazifuddin Najib, the son of Najib, was named in the Panama Papers.[176]

In July 2016, the United States Department of Justice launched a civil lawsuit[177] to seize American assets worth over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) allegedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds. Within the civil lawsuit, a government official of high rank who had control over 1MDB was referred to as "Malaysian Official 1", and mentioned over 30 times. "Malaysian Official 1" was alleged to have received around US$681 million (2.797 billion MYR) of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank, Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650 million (2.0 billion MYR) was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013.[178] In September 2016, Najib was identified as "Malaysian Official 1" by Abdul Rahman Dahlan, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and the Barisan Nasional strategic communications director. Dahlan also claimed that Najib was not named because he was "not part of this investigation".[179] [180]

On 15 June 2017, The United States Department of Justice followed up on its July 2016 lawsuit by issuing a civil action in rem to forfeit assets involved in and traceable to an international conspiracy to launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ("a strategic investment and development company wholly-owned by the government of Malaysia"). The writ provided detailed justifications for seeing to forfeit specific items and property located in the United States and abroad, including in the United Kingdom and Switzerland.[181] [182]

As a consequence of the 15 June 2017 writ, on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the luxury yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Bali, on behalf of the FBI.[183] Additionally, on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts, the producers of the 'Wolf of Wall Street' film agreed to pay $60m to settle Justice Department claims it financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB.[184]

In a speech in December 2017, US attorney general Jeff Sessions said of the scandal: "This is kleptocracy at its worst."[185] [186]

Subsequent arrest, legal proceedings and conviction

Najib Razak
Conviction:
Conviction Penalty:
  • 12 years of imprisonment and fine of RM210 million (with an additional five years of imprisonment upon non-payment of fine)
    • Commuted to 6 years imprisonment and a RM50 million fine
Conviction Status:Incarcerated at the Kajang Prison, Sentence commuted February 2, 2024 by Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang
Apprehended:3 July 2018

On 3 July 2018 after the 14th Malaysian general election, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) as part of investigations into how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International into Najib's bank account.[187] [188] [189] The following day, Najib was indicted in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur on three counts of criminal breach of trust and one count of abuse of power in connection with SRC International funds totalling RM42 million.[190] [191] [192] He was granted bail at RM1 million after pleading not guilty with his trial set for 18 February 2019.[193]

On 8 August 2018, Najib was charged with three further counts of money laundering as part of the MACC's investigation into the 1MDB scandal. Najib has denied making three transfers totaling RM42 from SRC International into his bank accounts.[194] [195] [196]

On 10 September 2018, Najib posted a copy of the letter that purportedly came from Prince Saud Abdulaziz Al-Saud of Saudi Arabia on his Facebook account, as a proof of the alleged financial donation of US$100mil (RM304.5mil) given to him in 2011.[197] [198] He said he decided to reveal the documents in a bid to clear his name of various accusations and slander, and would continue to do so on his social media accounts.[199] [200]

On 19 September 2018, Najib was arrested following two hours of questioning by the MACC, believed to be in relation to the RM2.6 billion donation he received in year 2013. Najib was charged on 20 September 2018 at the Sessions Court in Jalan Duta.[201] [202] [203] However, he pleaded not guilty and was released on bail after his court appearance.[204] On 21 September, he made a brief appearance at the Sessions Court registry to sign his bail at RM3.5 million for 25 counts of money laundering and abuse of power charges in relation to 1MDB. He has posted RM1 million for his bail, while the remaining RM2.5 million will be settled in instalments by the following week.[205] [206] In August 2019, during his second trial, Najib faces four charges of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering for receiving illegal transfers of RM 2.3 billion between 2011 and 2014.

On 28 July 2020, the High Court convicted Najib guilty on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust in relation to the SRC International case, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption.High Court judge Mohamad Nazlan bin Mohamad Ghazali has delivered the verdict regarding the misappropriation of RM42 million (US$10 million) from SRC International, a former subsidiary of 1MDB.[207] In total, Najib faces 42 charges, of which 35 in another four trials are yet to be decided on.[208]

On the day of his conviction, Najib was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and a fine of RM210 million (for the first charge). He was also given six concurrent sentences of 10 years' imprisonment for the other six charges. If he fails to pay the fine, he will be serving another five years in prison. He would be appealing against the verdict of the High Court. The High Court granted a stay of execution of the conviction with an increased bail of RM 2 million with reporting to the police on the first and the fifth day of every month.[209]

Appeal

Najib's appeal hearing in front of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia began on 5 April 2021.[210] On 8 December 2021, the Court of Appeal of Malaysia dismissed Najib's appeal, therefore upholding both his conviction and 12-year sentence. Judge Abdul Karim Abdul Jalil has also condemned Najib's actions as a "national embarrassment".[211] Najib's lawyer stated that his client, who remained outside prison on bail, would further appeal to the Federal Court of Malaysia against his conviction and sentence.[212] On 16 August 2022, Malaysia's supreme court rejected Najib's appeal for a retrial, stating that the case had no evidence of bias. The Federal Court indicated that it would hear a final appeal by Razak in the SRC corruption case from 18 August 2022.[213] [214]

On 23 August 2022, when the Federal Court was finishing hearing the appeal, Najib's counsel made an application to recuse the Chief Justice Tengku Maimun.[215] This application was dismissed[216] and the Federal Court upheld the Court of Appeal's conviction,[217] handing down its full judgment here. Upon the dissolution of Parliament on 10 October 2022, Najib's Pekan parliamentary seat was automatically vacated, and as he has been convicted of a crime, he is no longer eligible to stand in general elections.

Najib is the first Malaysian former prime minister to be convicted and jailed for corruption.[218] Rumours that he would receive special treatment during his sentence were denied by officials.[219] [220]

On 2 February 2024, the Malaysian pardons board, headed by the outgoing Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang announced that it had reduced Najib's sentence to six years and reduced fines imposed on him to 50 million ringgit ($10.59 million).[221] On 3 April, Najib submitted an application in court requesting that his jail sentenced be converted to house arrest,[222] which was rejected on 3 July.[223]

Personal life

In 1976, Najib married Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar ('Kui Yie') with whom he has three children: Mohd Nizar Najib (born 1978), Mohd Nazifuddin Najib and Puteri Norlisa Najib.

In 1987, he divorced Kui Yie and married Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor with whom he has two children: Mohd Norashman Najib and Nooryana Najwa Najib. His daughter Nooryana is married to the nephew of former Kazakhstani President, Nursultan Nazarbayev.[224] [225]

Najib's extravagant lifestyle garnered significant attention and controversy during his time in power.[226] His wife Rosmah faced scrutiny for her expensive shopping habits, which allegedly included purchasing luxury handbags, jewelry, and clothing from top fashion brands.[227] [228] A large collection of designer handbags, some of which were worth millions of dollars, was seized from their properties during investigations.[229] Najib was accused of using state funds for personal expenses, including covering credit card bills and luxury purchases.[230] These allegations became a focal point of the 1MDB scandal.

Najib Razak is an avid golf lover and is known to have played golf with the two US Presidents – Barack Obama and Donald Trump.[231] Trump referred to Najib as his "favourite prime minister".[232]

Najib Razak has four long-haired cats, named Kiki, Leo, Tiger and Simba.[233]

Election results

Candidate!Votes!Pct!colspan=2
Opponent(s)VotesPctBallots castMajorityTurnout
1982N26 Bandar Pekan (UMNO)3,82072.50%Mohamed Rusdi Arif (PAS)1,44927.50%5,3772,37173.37%
Candidate!Votes!Pct!colspan=2
Opponent(s)VotesPctBallots castMajorityTurnout
1976P071 Pekan, Pahang (UMNO)Unopposed
1978 (UMNO)13,87676.16%Mohamed Rusdi Arif (PAS)4,34323.84%9,533
1986P076 Pekan, Pahang (UMNO)16,43174.50%Ali Abdullah Lee (PAS)5,62325.50%22,74810,80866.87%
1990 (UMNO)21,26266.33%Othman Hitam (S46)10,79533.67%33,41410,46771.36%
1995P080 Pekan, Pahang (UMNO)17,00473.25%M. Samuel Mohamed Kamil (S46)6,21126.75%24,56510,79371.60%
1999 (UMNO)13,14850.46%Ramli Mohamed (PAS)12,90749.54%26,79724174.78%
2004 (UMNO)31,95677.96%Zakaria Dahlan (PAS)9,03422.04%41,04622,92277.91%
2008P085 Pekan, Pahang (UMNO)36,26278.73%Khairul Anuar Ahmad Zainudin (PKR)9,79821.27%47,87026,46482.23%
2013 (UMNO)51,27876.60%Fariz Musa (PKR)15,66523.40%68,46435,61385.30%
2018 (UMNO)43,85462.10%Ahiatudin Daud (PAS)18,99526.90%70,61424,85979.43%
Zahid Mat Arip (BERSATU)7,6628.16%

Honours

Honours of Malaysia

Foreign honours

Honorary degrees

Other

On 1 February 2016, FinanceAsia has named Najib as the worst finance minister in 2016. The magazine said that 2015 had been a challenging year for the Malaysian economy, with a "double whammy" of the 1MDB scandal and the collapse in oil prices.[256] [257] [258]

See also

External links

|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Lim. Ida. Six questions about Najib's Pekan seat (and GE15 dreams) now that he's in prison. 2 September 2022. 4 December 2023. Malay Mail. 3 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231203183758/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/09/02/six-questions-about-najibs-pekan-seat-and-ge15-dreams-now-that-hes-in-prison/26012. live. On when the 14-day period would lapse for Najib, Shanmuga said "he has until end of Tuesday, September 6."
  2. Web site: Y.A.B. Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Razak . Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia . 26 September 2018 . ms . https://web.archive.org/web/20180926091511/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/3162-perdana-menteri-malaysia-keenam.html . 26 September 2018 . live .
  3. Web site: Tee. Kenneth. High Court finds Najib guilty of all seven charges in misappropriation of RM42m SRC International funds. 28 Jul 2020. Malay Mail. 2 February 2024. 1 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094146/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/28/high-court-finds-najib-guilty-of-misappropriation-of-rm42m-src-internationa/1888749. live.
  4. News: 1MDB: The inside story of the world's biggest financial scandal. The Guardian. Randeep. Ramesh. 28 July 2016. 31 August 2022. 11 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191111085317/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/1mdb-inside-story-worlds-biggest-financial-scandal-malaysia. live.
  5. News: 2019-08-09 . 1MDB: The playboys, PMs and partygoers around a global financial scandal . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-31 . 21 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200721081321/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46341603 . live .
  6. Nadzri. Muhamad M. N.. 1 December 2018. The 14th General Election, the Fall of Barisan Nasional, and Political Development in Malaysia, 1957-2018. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. en. 37. 3. 139–171. 10.1177/186810341803700307. 1868-1034. free.
  7. Web site: Najib Razak steps down as UMNO president. 29 July 2020. CNA. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729085805/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-steps-down-umno-president-10227580. 29 July 2020. live.
  8. Web site: HABIB . SHAHANAAZ . 2008-07-03 . Altantuya: Razak's PI makes shocking statutory declaration (Update) . The Star . en.
  9. Web site: Tee . By Kenneth . 2019-01-23 . Najib: Lies. I never met Altantuya . Malay Mail . en.
  10. http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/arrests-at-rally-calling-for-najibs-resignation Arrests at rally calling for Najib's resignation
  11. https://www.wsj.com/articles/protesters-call-on-malaysian-prime-minister-to-resign-1438437489 Protesters Call on Malaysian Prime Minister to resign
  12. http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/bersih-plans-overnight-rally-in-august-to-demand-najibs-resignation Bersih plans overnight rally in August to demand Najib's resignation
  13. Web site: Malaysia alliance demands removal of scandal-hit PM Najib. 9 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160712144352/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysia-alliance-demands/2572686.html. 12 July 2016. live.
  14. News: Malaysia's Mahathir and opposition sign declaration to oust Najib. The Straits Times . 4 March 2016. 9 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329195113/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/mahathir-and-opposition-sign-declaration-to-oust-najib. 29 March 2019. live.
  15. News: Malaysia's Najib looks to ride out political crisis. 11 August 2015. 8 December 2015. Reuters. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329183751/https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-1mdb-najib-idUSL3N10L2P120150811#5Js2PtR7YiUo62fQ.97. 29 March 2019. live.
  16. Web site: New bill gives Najib extensive powers. 5 December 2015. 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329200633/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/new-bill-gives-najib-extensive-powers. 29 March 2019. live.
  17. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-07/malaysians-seen-curbing-spending-as-living-costs-surge-economy Malaysians seen curbing spending as living costs surge
  18. http://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/ringgit-oil-pricesdrop-ahead-of-najibs-economic-address Ringgit, oil prices drop ahead of Najib's economic address
  19. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-31/ringgit-extends-monthly-losses-as-1mdb-scandal-hurts-sentiment Ringgit extends monthly losses as 1MDB scandal hurts sentiment
  20. News: Najib congratulates Dr Mahathir over PM appointment. New Straits Times. 11 May 2018. 12 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180512181921/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/368245/najib-congratulates-dr-mahathir-over-pm-appointment. 12 May 2018. live.
  21. Web site: Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak arrested, to be charged on Wednesday over 1MDB scandal. 29 July 2020. CNA. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20190820211427/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-arrested-1mdb-scandal-to-be-charged-10495160. 20 August 2019. live.
  22. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/25/1mdb-scandal-explained-a-tale-of-malaysias-missing-billions 1MDB scandal explained: a tale of Malaysia's missing billions
  23. News: Former Malaysia PM Najib Razak found guilty of all 7 charges in 1MDB trial. Channel News Asia. 28 July 2020. 28 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729201236/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-najib-razak-1mdb-trial-verdict-guilty-12967036. 29 July 2020. live.
  24. News: Najib Razak: Former Malaysian PM guilty on all charges in corruption trial. BBC News. 28 July 2020. 28 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200728060122/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53563065. 28 July 2020. live.
  25. News: Ex-Malaysian PM Najib gets 12 years' jail in 1MDB-linked graft trial. The Straits Times. 28 July 2020. 28 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200728034712/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/ex-malaysian-pm-najib-found-guilty-on-one-count-of-abuse-of-power-in-1mdb-linked-graft. 28 July 2020. live.
  26. News: Former Malaysia PM Najib Razak sentenced to 12 years in jail following guilty verdict in 1MDB trial. Channel NewsAsia. 28 July 2020. 28 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729201236/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-najib-razak-1mdb-trial-verdict-guilty-12967036. 29 July 2020. live.
  27. Web site: 2020-07-22 . High Court allows IRB to collect RM1.69b in tax arrears from former PM Najib . www.malaymail.com.
  28. News: Wong . Feliz Solomon and Ying Xian . 2022-08-23 . Najib Razak, Malaysia's Ex-Prime Minister, to Be Imprisoned After Losing Final 1MDB Appeal . en-US . . 2022-08-23 . 0099-9660 . 28 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230328151212/https://www.wsj.com/articles/najib-razak-malaysias-ex-prime-minister-to-be-imprisoned-after-losing-final-1mdb-appeal-11661245317 . live .
  29. Web site: Najib taken to Kajang Prison. 23 August 2022. New Straits Times. 2 February 2024. 4 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230204203623/https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2022/08/825035/najib-taken-kajang-prison. live.
  30. Web site: Midwife proud to have cared for Najib. 21 February 2016. Sayang Sabah. Vivien, Ann. 23 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180323155926/https://www.sayangsabah.com/en/midwife-proud-to-have-cared-for-najib/. 23 March 2018. dead.
  31. http://www.cimb.com/index.php?ch=subch_about_cimb_group&pg=pg_acg_our_leaders&ac=42&tpt=cimb_group#top CIMB Group, 25 May 2009
  32. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/14806-najib-deals-with-more-perception-pitfalls- PAC to haul up seven ministries, agencies for weak finances
  33. News: Profile: Najib Razak : To Najib Razak the Malaysian premiership may feel like a birthright. . The Daily Telegraph, 3 April 2009 . 15 March 2010 . London . Thomas . Bell . 3 April 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100129175427/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/5099246/Profile-Najib-Razak.html . 29 January 2010 . live .
  34. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=63996 "How Najib and Abdullah rose to nation's top post".
  35. http://www.pmo.gov.my/?menu=page&page=1926 Biography. The Honourable Dato' Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul Razak
  36. Web site: Kosmo! Online - Rencana Utama. 9 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191345/http://kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2009&dt=0329&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_06.htm. 2 April 2015. dead.
  37. News: 9 August 2014. What's Malay for gerrymandering?. The Economist. Kuala Lumpur. 5 January 2016. 23 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160123144530/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21611139-years-delineation-electoral-boundaries-will-determine-future-malaysian-politics-whats. live.
  38. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=63996
  39. http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/National/2523914/Article/index_html
  40. http://www.westportsmalaysia.com/news/news_03/tansri.html
  41. https://web.archive.org/web/20040112054121/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2004%2F1%2F7%2Fnation%2F7055813&sec=nation Najib is Deputy PM, Cabinet reshuffled
  42. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/opinion/liew-chin-tong/11435-najib-the-prince
  43. Web site: DAP calls for the closure of the Anti-corruption Agency as it serves no purpose when it is so ineffective against corruption in government and high political levels – Pursuit of a Malaysian Dream . 14 November 1989 . 2022-08-23 . en-GB . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094146/https://bibliotheca.limkitsiang.com/1989/11/14/dap-calls-for-the-closure-of-the-anti-corruption-agency-as-it-serves-no-purpose-when-it-is-so-ineffective-against-corruption-in-government-and-high-political-lev/ . live .
  44. Brown . Graham K. . April 2005 . Balancing the Risks of Corrective Surgery: The political economy of horizontal inequalities and the end of the New Economic Policy in Malaysia . Oxford . Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, CRISE; Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford . 7 December 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080911130051/http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/pubs/workingpaper20.pdf . 11 September 2008 . dmy-all .
  45. http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-38840220090402 TIMELINE: The rise of Najib, Malaysia's sixth Prime Minister | Reuters
  46. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=29444
  47. News: Q+A-Is Malaysia's incoming PM Najib a spendthrift? . Reuters . 24 October 2011 . 20 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200920005457/https://in.reuters.com/article/asiaCompanyAndMarkets/idINKLR45979920090305?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 . live .
  48. https://web.archive.org/web/20110622070747/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F8%2F18%2Fnation%2F15174011&sec=nation Najib: We'll send troops despite Israeli reservations
  49. "American soldiers 'held hostage by warlord'," The Herald, 6 October 1993
  50. Web site: coe-dmha.org - contact with domain owner | Epik.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20090519093013/http://www.coe-dmha.org/Liaison/Vol_3No_1/Feat04.htm. dead. 19 May 2009. coe-dmha.org.
  51. Michiko . Nakahara . 2001 . "Comfort Women" in Malaysia . Critical Asian Studies . 33 . 4 . 581–589 . 10.1080/146727101760107442 . 21046839 . 36266081 . 26 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240126084956/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146727101760107442?journalCode=rcra20 . live .
  52. News: Loone . Susan . Aug 11, 2001 . Researcher details shattered lives of local comfort women . malaysiakini . 12 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230412182317/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/4269 . live .
  53. Web site: Researcher details shattered lives of local comfort women . 11 August 2001 . 2 February 2024 . 26 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240126084956/https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/4269 . live .
  54. News: Nanda . Akshita . Jan 23, 2017 . Stirring look at comfort women in Singapore . The Straits Times . 26 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240126084959/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/stirring-look-at-comfort-women-in-singapore . live .
  55. https://malaysiasdilemma.wordpress.com/2009/03/15/najibs-challenge-clean-up-umno/ Najib’s Challenge: Clean up UMNO
  56. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR40945.htm News
  57. https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSKLR13634920070102 Malaysian troops arrive for U.N. duty in Lebanon
  58. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/FE04Ae01.html Malaysia's 3-month national service a flop?
  59. https://web.archive.org/web/20080518014125/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F5%2F16%2Fparliament%2F21270333&sec=parliament RM2.37bil spent on NS
  60. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/11/asia/AS-GEN-Malaysia-National-Service.php Malaysian family to sue government over daughter's death during national service
  61. http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/printable.php?id=283499 Government Won't Compromise On Negligence At NS Training Camps
  62. News: Malaysian PM caught up in murder, bribery scandal . The Sydney Morning Herald . dead . 7 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140702211522/http://www.smh.com.au/world/malaysian-pm-caught-up-in-murder-bribery-scandal-20130112-2cmk6.html . 2 July 2014.
  63. Web site: 16 December 2012 . Malaysian prime minister faces new allegations over submarine . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121220050333/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/Malaysian+prime+minister+faces+allegations+over+submarine/7706875/story.html . 20 December 2012.
  64. News: 5 May 2012 . Body of evidence gives Malaysia's PM the jitters . The Australian .
  65. News: 26 June 2012 . Malaysia denies corruption allegations in French submarine sale . Reuters . live . 1 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151019180500/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/27/malaysia-submarines-idUSL2E8HR0C920120627 . 19 October 2015.
  66. Web site: 13 February 2021 . BOOK REVIEW: My Story: Justice in the Wilderness . 2 February 2024 . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094941/https://www.asiasentinel.com/p/book-review-my-story-justice-in-the . live .
  67. "Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia", 1Malaysia.com.my
  68. http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-35516320080917 Najib to become Minister of Finance
  69. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/11832 PAC to haul up seven ministries, agencies for weak finances
  70. "Happy for UMNO, Says Dr. Mahathir", Bernama, 8 October 2008.
  71. "Najib Secures UMNO Presidency", Bernama, 2 November 2008.
  72. http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90851/6629770.html People.com.cn
  73. Web site: PM Najib is acting women's minister. malaysiakini.com. 7 April 2012. 7 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160106210935/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/194414. 6 January 2016. live.
  74. http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=418020 National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, Says Najib
  75. http://www.1malaysia.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=713&Itemid=73&lang=en 1Malaysia.com.my
  76. Web site: 1Malaysia. 1Malaysia. 7 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151001031930/http://1malaysia.com.my/. 1 October 2015. live.
  77. https://twitter.com/my1malaysia My1malaysia
  78. https://www.facebook.com/najibrazak Najib Razak
  79. Cybertroopers and tea parties: government use of the Internet in Malaysia . Asian Journal of Communication . 24 . 5–24 . 2011 . Hopkins . Julian . 10.1080/01292986.2013.851721 . 143580515 .
  80. News: Mahathir Ends Support for Najib Over Racial, Economic Policies. 14 August 2014. Bloomberg. 17 February 2015. Shamim. Adam. https://web.archive.org/web/20150222023716/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-18/mahathir-ends-support-for-najib-over-racial-economic-policies. 22 February 2015. live.
  81. Book: Montesano. Michael J.. Lee Poh Onn. Regional Outlook: Southeast Asia 2011–2012. 2011. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 978-9814311007. 49.
  82. Web site: 1 Malaysia's People Aid (BR1M). barisannasional.org.my. Putrajaya. 15 January 2011. 1 February 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130127042955/http://barisannasional.org.my/en/br1m. 27 January 2013.
  83. Singh, Jaspal. "Najib to launch BR1M distribution" . New Straits Times, Kuala Lumpur, 28 January 2013, Retrieved on 1 February 2013.
  84. Web site: Govt announces increase in BR1M4.0 for all recipients. astroawani.com. 10 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141012035934/http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/govt-announces-increase-in-br1m4-0-for-all-recipients-45772. 12 October 2014. live.
  85. Web site: BR1M for low wage earners raised to RM950. themalaysianinsider.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141010203417/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/br1m-for-low-wage-earners-raised-to-rm950. 10 October 2014.
  86. Web site: Budget 2015: GST, tax breaks and BR1M among highlights - Nation - The Star Online. thestar.com.my. 10 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141010172138/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/10/10/Budget-2015-GST-fuel-income-tax-br1m/. 10 October 2014. live.
  87. Web site: No benefit from increased BR1M aid due to GST. thesundaily.my. 10 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141018160249/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1195119. 18 October 2014. live.
  88. News: At start of 1MDB trial, prosecution paints a tale of excess and abuse. 28 August 2019. Reuters. 28 August 2019. en. 28 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190828072923/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-najib-idUSKCN1VI0D4. live.
  89. Wong Sai Wan, Terence Toh. "Finally, affordable homes for middle-income earners". The Star Online, Kuala Lumpur, 23 September 2012, Retrieved on 1 February 2013.
  90. Web site: PR1MA About Us. pr1ma.my. Kuala Lumpur. 26 June 2012. 1 February 2013. 14 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130214022741/http://www.pr1ma.my/eng/aboutus.html. dead.
  91. Web site: Two alarm bells for Malaysians. 7 December 2015. 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208161912/https://news.yahoo.com/two-alarm-bells-malaysians-063516062.html. 8 December 2015. live.
  92. Web site: Malaysia defends passing of controversial security bill. 4 December 2015. 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151207035739/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysia-defends-passing/2318784.html. 7 December 2015. live.
  93. Web site: Malaysian Security Law Invites Government Abuses, Rights Groups Say. The New York Times. 3 December 2015. 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160730102346/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/world/asia/malaysia-national-security-council-bill-vote.html?_r=0. 30 July 2016. live.
  94. Web site: The National Security Council Bill 2015 is a Lurch Towards an Authoritarian Government. 3 December 2015. 8 December 2015.
  95. Web site: Factsheet on Subsidy Rationalisation, Government Transformation Programme. 9 September 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100306094834/http://www.transformation.gov.my/index.php?option=com_docman. 6 March 2010.
  96. Subsidy cuts my solve sugar 'shortages', Malaysia Insider, 22 July 2010
  97. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9GVVQM00.htm Malaysia cuts fuel, sugar subsidies in risky move
  98. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9daad488-6538-11de-8e34-00144feabdc0.html?nclick_check=1 Malaysia in major liberalisation drive
  99. https://web.archive.org/web/20100521054935/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F5%2F20%2Fnation%2F6298481&sec=nation Top ten: Malaysia rises up competitiveness ranking
  100. Wee Soon Ying, "Malaysia not launching economic stimulus package", Xinhua, 20 August 2010
  101. Bernama. "Muhyiddin: PM's Gaza visit reaffirms Malaysia's support for Palestine", New Straits Times, Kuala Lumpur, 24 January 2013. Retrieved on 29 January 2013.
  102. Ahmad, Razak. "Malaysia supports Fatah-Hamas reconciliation", The Star Online, Kuala Lumpur, 23 January 2013. Retrieved on 29 January 2013.
  103. News: Najib Visits Hamas-Run Gaza Strip as Malaysia Election Nears. Barry. Porter. 22 January 2013. Bloomberg.com. 10 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20141013043341/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-22/najib-to-tour-hamas-run-gaza-in-first-visit-by-malaysian-leader.html. 13 October 2014. live.
  104. Web site: Azura Abas and Koi Kye Lee. You Have Our Support. nst.com.my. Kuala Lumpur. 27 January 2013. 27 January 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021222/http://www.nst.com.my/latest/you-have-our-support-1.208960. 3 December 2013.
  105. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/09/279117/trump-great-honour-have-najib-white-house-and-us
  106. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/04/27/joint-statement-president-obama-and-prime-minister-najib-malaysia-0 Joint Statement By President Obama And Prime Minister Najib Of Malaysia
  107. http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/envoy-malaysia-us-relations-being-upgraded-to-comprehensive-partnership#Ziz3vwuH2f60q1BQ.97
  108. Lim Ai Lee Najib and Obama in historic bilateral meeting, The Star, 13 April 2010
  109. Najib-Obama historic meeting in Washington, The Malaysian Mirror, 13 April 2010
  110. "Najib set to create history with Chennai visit", M. Veera Pandiyan, The Star, 20 January 2010
  111. "Malaysia to push for FTA during PM Razak visit", R. Vasudevan, Asian Tribune, 19 January 2010
  112. "India, Malaysia sign extradition pact, boost economic ties", DPA, 20 January 2010
  113. "PM's visit to India draws RM1.6b in potential deals", by Rupa Damodaran, Business Times, 15 February 2010"
  114. http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=470485 "Clinch economic pact by year-end: Malaysia"
  115. "Ties with Singapore to move forward", Clarissa Oon, The Straits Times, 23 May 2009
  116. Malaysia and Singapore end deadlock on key issues, The Star, 25 May 2010
  117. "Signing of FTA signifies success of ASEAN-Korea Summit", Bernama, 3 June 2009
  118. "Najib's visit marks milestone in Malaysia-China friendship". The Star, 4 June 2009
  119. News: FTA Comes into Force on Aug 1, Says Mustapa . Bernama . 30 July 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100731020107/http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/Malaysia-NZFTAcomesintoforceonAug1/Article/ . 31 July 2010 . dmy-all .
  120. News: 'Enough is enough': Malaysian PM Najib Razak asks Aung San Suu Kyi to prevent Rohingya violence . . 4 December 2016 . Associated Press . 24 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180616140020/https://www.firstpost.com/world/enough-is-enough-malaysian-pm-najib-razak-asks-aung-san-suu-kyi-to-prevent-rohingya-violence-3138748.html . 16 June 2018 . dead .
  121. News: Malaysia PM urges world to act against 'genocide' of Myanmar's Rohingya . . 4 December 2016 . Associated Press . 24 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190423181623/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/04/malaysia-pm-urges-world-to-act-against-genocide-of-myanmars-rohingya . 23 April 2019 . live .
  122. News: 30 August 2019. Gov't, MILF seal preliminary peace pact. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 15 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20190830065102/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/289320/govt-milf-seal-preliminary-peace-pact. 30 August 2019. live.
  123. Web site: Siang . Lim Kit . 2022-08-22 . "Will Najib swear his innocence over the LCS scandal?" . 2022-08-24 . Focus Malaysia . en-US . 16 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221116153004/https://focusmalaysia.my/will-najib-swear-his-innocence-over-the-lcs-scandal/ . live .
  124. Web site: Najib rebuts allegations in Syed Saddiq's LCS video . 2022-08-24 . The Star . en . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094328/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/08/08/najib-rebuts-allegations-in-syed-saddiqs-lcs-video . live .
  125. Web site: Mahathir Wins in Historic Malaysia Power Shift. Bloomsberg. 10 May 2018. 21 August 2018. 23 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180623123652/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-09/mahathir-wins-malaysia-election-in-historic-power-shift. live.
  126. News: 12 May 2018 . Najib letak jawatan Presiden UMNO, Pengerusi BN . ms . BH Online . 12 May 2018 . 12 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180512105536/https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/politik/2018/05/424704/najib-letak-jawatan-presiden-umno-pengerusi-bn . live .
  127. News: Ousted PM Najib listed on manifest for jet leaving Malaysia. Reuers Staff. Reuters. 12 May 2018. 18 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180517100232/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-election-najib/ousted-pm-najib-listed-on-manifest-for-jet-leaving-malaysia-idUSKBN1IC24J. 17 May 2018. live.
  128. News: Police cordon off home of Malaysia's ex-PM Najib Razak after travel ban. Reuters. 12 May 2018. 18 May 2018. 1 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221101142852/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2145899/police-cordon-residence-malaysias-ex-pm-najib-razak-after. live.
  129. News: Najib resigns as Umno, BN chief. Malaysiakini. 12 May 2018. 21 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180619112938/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/424466. 19 June 2018. live.
  130. News: Najib raids: $273m of goods seized from former Malaysian PM's properties . The Guardian . 27 June 2017 . 6 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180705161856/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/27/najib-raids-273m-of-goods-seized-from-former-malaysian-pms-properties . 5 July 2018 . live .
  131. Web site: Bags of cash, jewellery seized in Najib raid worth $273m . Al Jazeera . 27 June 2017 . 6 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180705131620/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/bags-cash-jewellery-seized-najib-raid-worth-273m-180627050228196.html . 5 July 2018 . live .
  132. News: Biggest seizure in our history. The Star Online. 28 June 2018. 30 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180630081001/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/28/biggest-seizure-in-our-history-cops-luxury-items-seized-from-najiblinked-properties-worth-rm1bil/. 30 June 2018. live.
  133. News: Alagesh . T. N. . 16 January 2019 . Will 'Malu apa bossku' fever play a role in Camerons by-election? . en . New Straits Times . 19 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190203073652/https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2019/01/451274/will-malu-apa-bossku-fever-play-role-camerons-election. 3 February 2019.
  134. News: Tang . Terence . 29 April 2019 . The Najib 'bossku' hype: Chance on speed or planned campaign? . en . The Malay Mail . 19 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190429065041/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/29/the-najib-bossku-hype-chance-on-speed-or-planned-campaign/1747928. 29 April 2019.
  135. News: Dzulkifly . Danial . Now there's a 'Malu apa bossku' song, and the rapper wants Najib's forgiveness . en . The Malay Mail . 19 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130131/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/02/06/now-theres-a-malu-apa-bossku-song-and-the-rapper-wants-najibs-forgiveness/1720317. 7 February 2019.
  136. News: Zahiid . Syed Jaymal . 3 July 2020 . In drawing its election battle plan, Pakatan cautioned against writing off 'Bossku' Najib . en . The Malay Mail . 19 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200705132449/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/03/in-drawing-its-election-battle-plan-pakatan-cautioned-against-writing-off-b/1880947. 5 July 2020.
  137. News: Chan . Julia . 19 January 2020 . Najib: 'Bossku' phenomenon contributed to Kimanis victory . en . The Malay Mail . 19 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200119131420/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/01/19/najib-bossku-phenomenon-contributed-to-kimanis-victory/1829387. 19 January 2020.
  138. News: 1 December 2023 . Shafee says Najib currently writing PhD thesis in prison, reading materials brought in by assistant . en . The Malay Mail . 16 February 2024.
  139. Web site: Ramendran . Charles . 2021-05-06 . Najib fined RM3,000 for SOP violation . www.thesundaily.my . en-MY . 18 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220318031326/https://www.thesundaily.my/home/najib-fined-rm3000-for-sop-violation-IJ7830596 . live .
  140. Web site: 2022-01-11 . Cops probing event Najib attended for SOP breach . FreeMalaysiatoday . 2 February 2024 . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094134/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2022/01/11/cops-probing-event-najib-attended-for-sop-breach/ . live .
  141. Web site: Mohd . Hariz . 2022-02-27 . SOP breach: Khairy to review Najib's visit, cancels journo's RM1k fine . Malaysiakini . 17 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117135914/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/612326 . live .
  142. News: 2022-03-10 . Johor polls: MOH issued 42 compounds, including 5 to Najib - Khairy . Malaysiakini . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094100/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/613925 . live .
  143. Web site: 2022-03-10 . Johor polls: 42 compound notices issued, including five to Najib, says KJ . The Star . en . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094939/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/10/johor-polls-42-compound-notices-issued-including-five-to-najib-says-kj . live .
  144. Web site: 2022-03-11 . Johor polls: MOH issued 42 compounds, including five to Najib — Khairy . The Edge Markets . 13 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313062441/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/johor-polls-moh-issued-42-compounds-including-five-najib-%E2%80%94-khairy . dead .
  145. Web site: 2008-07-01 . Razak Baginda cleared of abetment charge, two others face trial . The Star . en . 18 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418124211/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2008/11/01/razak-baginda-cleared-of-abetment-charge-two-others-face-trial . live .
  146. News: 2015-01-13 . Malaysia officers' Mongolia model death sentences upheld . en-GB . BBC News . 17 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231117034139/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30791602 . live .
  147. Web site: Tsin . Soon Li . 2007-06-29 . Najib seen with Altantuya . Malaysiakini . 2 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180943/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/69283 . live .
  148. Web site: Habib . Shahanaaz . 2008-07-03 . Altantuya: Razak's PI makes shocking statutory declaration (Update) . The Star . en . 23 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220423212826/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2008/07/03/altantuya-razaks-pi-makes-shocking-statutory-declaration-update . live .
  149. News: 2007-04-23 . Najib Razak denies murder link . en-GB . BBC News . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094320/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6582475.stm . live .
  150. Web site: 2018-10-27 . Altantuya revisited: Najib says never seen her, never knew she existed . Malaysiakini . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094221/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/449221 . live .
  151. Web site: Tee . Kenneth . 2019-01-23 . Najib: Lies. I never met Altantuya . Malay Mail . en . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094351/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/01/23/najib-lies.-i-never-met-altantuya/1715617 . live .
  152. News: Wright . Tom . Clark . Simon . 2 July 2015 . Investigators Believe Money Flowed to Malaysian Leader Najib's Accounts Amid 1MDB Probe . . . live . 5 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150703052455/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10130211234592774869404581083700187014570 . 3 July 2015.
  153. https://web.archive.org/web/20150707201631/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/07/06/zaid-najibs-finest-hour-when-he-steps-down/ Zaid: Najib's finest hour when he steps down
  154. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-must-resign-if-cannot-dispute-wsj-sarawak-report-claims-guan-eng-tell Najib must resign if he can't dispute claims in WSJ, Sarawak Report, Guan Eng tells reporters
  155. Web site: 8 July 2015 . Malaysian law firm representing prime minister might sue WSJ . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180326102324/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-1mdb/malaysian-law-firm-representing-prime-minister-might-sue-wsj-idUSKCN0PI07820150708 . 26 March 2018 . 23 March 2018 . Reuters News Service.
  156. Web site: 3 April 2017 . Najib may drop plan to sue if WSJ invokes US law . 23 March 2018 . The Malaysian Reserve . 9 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180509152928/https://themalaysianreserve.com/2017/04/03/najib-may-drop-plan-to-sue-if-wsj-invokes-us-law/ . live .
  157. http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/ringgit-slides-through-mahathirs-peg-as-najibs-finances-probed Ringgit slides through Mahathir's peg as Najib's finances probed
  158. Web site: WSJ releases redacted documents online to back up its 1MDB-Najib money trail report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150708121159/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/wsj-releases-redacted-documents-online-to-back-up-its-1mdb-najib-money-trai#sthash.Gw29CoFR.dpuf . 8 July 2015 . 7 July 2015 . themalaymailonline.com.
  159. Web site: Task force confirms Najib's accounts at AmBank, says closed before WSJ report . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150710092922/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najibs-ambank-accounts-closed-much-earlier-task-force-says#sthash.MkrVRlF5.dpuf . 10 July 2015 . 10 July 2015 . themalaysianinsider.com.
  160. News: 29 July 2015 . 1MDB scandal: Malaysia PM Najib Razak sacks deputy, attorney-general as corruption allegations mount . ABC News (Australia) . live . 31 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200614100315/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-29/malaysia-pm-razak-sacks-deputy-as-corruption-allegations-mount/6655342 . 14 June 2020.
  161. News: 1 August 2015 . 'White people' should stay out of Malaysia's affairs, Najib says . live . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150803004058/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/white-people-should-stay-out-of-malaysias-affairs-najib-says . 3 August 2015.
  162. Malaysiakini.com,. (2015). MACC: RM2.6b a donation, not 1MDB funds Retrieved 3 August 2015
  163. News: MACC: RM2.6bil in Najib's account from donors, not 1MDB's . The Star . live . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150805030242/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/08/03/1MDB-MACC-Najib/ . 5 August 2015.
  164. News: 3 August 2015 . Malaysia's anti-graft unit says funds in PM's account a 'donation', not from state fund . Reuters . live . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150806015452/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/08/03/uk-malaysia-politics-1mdb-idUKKCN0Q815020150803 . 6 August 2015.
  165. Web site: Najib's RM2.6 billion is from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting Isis, claims Umno leader . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150817121608/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najibs-rm2.6-billion-is-from-saudi-arabia-as-thanks-for-fighting-isis-claim . 17 August 2015.
  166. Web site: 28 August 2015 . 'Umno' sues Najib to retrieve chunk of RM2.6b . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070840/http://www.malaysia-today.net/sensational-us650m-suit-filed-for-umno-against-najib/ . 26 January 2018 . 28 August 2015.
  167. News: Story . Louise . 21 September 2015 . Malaysia's Leader, Najib Razak, Faces U.S. Corruption Inquiry . The New York Times . live . 3 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215031347/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/22/world/asia/malaysias-leader-najib-razak-faces-us-corruption-inquiry.html?_r=0 . 15 February 2017.
  168. Web site: 18 October 2015 . No-confidence move against PM . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20151018020236/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/10/18/Noconfidence-move-against-PM-MP-set-to-table-motion-over-RM26bil-donation-in-Najibs-personal-account/ . 18 October 2015 . 18 October 2015.
  169. News: Ramzy . Austin . 28 July 2015 . Malaysia's Premier Dismisses Deputy and Attorney General Amid Scandal . The New York Times . live . 30 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160127131826/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/29/world/asia/amid-1mdb-scandal-najib-razak-dismisses-deputy-prime-minister-and-attorney-general.html . 27 January 2016 . 0362-4331.
  170. News: 29 January 2016 . Swiss investigators say US$4bn stolen from Malaysian state-owned companies . The Guardian . Agence France-Presse . live . 9 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160724232110/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/30/swiss-investigators-say-us4bn-stolen-from-malaysian-state-owned-companies . 24 July 2016.
  171. News: Hope . Bradley . Wright . Tom . Ngui . Yantoultra . 27 January 2016 . Doubts Raised About Claim of Saudi 'Donation' to Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak . Wall Street Journal . live . 9 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160724160547/http://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-prosecutor-says-saudis-made-legal-donation-to-prime-minister-najib-1453847034 . 24 July 2016.
  172. News: Fuller . Thomas . 26 January 2016 . Malaysia Closes Investigation Into Prime Minister Najib Razak's Funds . The New York Times . live . 30 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160129220936/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/27/world/asia/malaysia-najib-razak-saudi-donation-1mdb.html . 29 January 2016 . 0362-4331.
  173. Web site: 28 March 2016 . State of Fear . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160329074700/http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2016/03/28/4431284.htm . 29 March 2016 . 29 March 2016 . Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  174. Web site: Jenkins . Nash . Malaysian PM Najib 'Spent Millions' on Luxury Goods: Report . 31 March 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160827012225/http://time.com/4277324/1mdb-najib-razak-spending-corruption/ . 27 August 2016 . 9 September 2016.
  175. News: Wright . Tom . Hope . Bradley . 31 March 2016 . 1MDB Probe Shows Malaysian Leader Najib Spent Millions on Luxury Goods . Wall Street Journal . live . 9 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160912024737/http://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysian-leader-spent-millions-on-luxury-goods-1459383835 . 12 September 2016.
  176. News: Panama Papers: The Power Players. . 3 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160404030817/https://panamapapers.icij.org/the_power_players/ . 4 April 2016 . live.
  177. Web site: 20 July 2016 . U.S. lawsuits link Malaysian leader to stolen money from 1MDB fund . 20 March 2018 . Reuters . 20 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170413/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-usa/u-s-lawsuits-link-malaysian-leader-to-stolen-money-from-1mdb-fund-idUSKCN10009X . live .
  178. Web site: 15 August 2015 . Malaysian Prime Minister transferred US$650 million back to Singapore Bank . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232021/http://statestimesreview.com/2015/08/15/malaysian-prime-minister-transferred-us650-million-back-to-singapore-bank/ . 17 March 2018 . 17 March 2018 . StatesTimesReview, Singapore.
  179. Web site: September 2016 . PM Najib is 'Malaysian Official 1' but not involved in 1MDB probe: Minister . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160904214046/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/pm-najib-is-malaysian-official-1-but-not-involved-in-1mdb-probe-minister . 4 September 2016 . 13 September 2016 . The Straits Times.
  180. News: Vaswani . Karishma . September 2016 . Who is 'Malaysian Official 1'? Case closed . BBC News . 13 September 2016 . 4 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160904151950/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-37234717? . live .
  181. Web site: etal . 15 June 2017 . Verified Complaint for Forfeiture in Rem . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170630075526/https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/973671/download . 30 June 2017 . 18 March 2018 . www.justice.gov . en-US.
  182. Web site: etal . 16 June 2017 . Justice Department Complaint Seeking 1MDB Assets.html . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180319154738/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/16/world/asia/1mdb-malaysia-complaint.html . 19 March 2018 . 19 March 2018 . www.nytimes.com . en-US.
  183. News: 28 February 2018 . Bali police seize luxury superyacht linked to 1MDB scandal and wanted businessman Jho Low . South China Morning Post . live . 24 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180325033943/http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2135099/indonesia-seizes-luxury-mega-yacht-linked-financier-centre . 25 March 2018.
  184. Web site: Ellis-Petersen . Hannah . 2018-03-07 . Wolf of Wall Street producers to pay $60m to US government . 2018-03-16 . The Guardian UK . dmy-all . 20 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180320005132/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/07/wolf-of-wall-street-producers-to-pay-60m-to-us-government . live .
  185. News: 2017-12-05 . Jeff Sessions calls Malaysia's 1MDB scandal 'kleptocracy at its worst' . en . Reuters . 29 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230729043553/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-scandal-doj-idUSKBN1DZ0MX . live .
  186. Web site: 2017-12-06 . 1MDB saga is 'kleptocracy at its worst': Jeff Sessions - Taipei Times . www.taipeitimes.com . 14 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114095101/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2017/12/06/2003683531 . live .
  187. News: 3 July 2018 . Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak arrested, to be charged on Wednesday over 1MDB scandal . . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704092911/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-arrested-1mdb-scandal-to-be-charged-10495160 . 4 July 2018.
  188. News: 3 July 2018 . Najib arrested . . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063531/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/03/najib-arrested-over-1mdb/ . 4 July 2018.
  189. News: Beech . Hannah . Ramzy . Austin . 3 July 2018 . Najib Razak, Malaysia's Ex-Prime Minister, Is Arrested Amid Corruption Inquiry . The New York Times . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181226120420/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/03/world/asia/najib-razak-arrested-malaysia.html . 26 December 2018.
  190. News: Ahmed . Suriati Sidek . 4 July 2018 . Najib charged with CBT, abuse of power involving RM42 million Of SRC funds . . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704040202/http://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=1477078 . 4 July 2018.
  191. News: 4 July 2018 . Malaysia's ex-PM Najib charged with corruption over 1MDB . . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180705030018/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44706842 . 5 July 2018.
  192. News: 4 July 2018 . Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak charged with corruption, criminal breach of trust . . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704024351/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-charged-in-court-1mdb-corruption-10497402 . 4 July 2018.
  193. News: 4 July 2018 . 'This is a chance to clear my name': Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak maintains his innocence . . live . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704091410/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-razak-says-innocent-charges-court-clear-his-name-10498446 . 4 July 2018.
  194. News: 8 August 2018 . Najib Razak charged with money laundering over 1MDB scandal . . live . 20 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920050122/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/08/najib-razak-charged-with-money-laundering-over-1mdb-scandal . 20 September 2018.
  195. News: Hamdan . Nurbaiti . 8 August 2018 . Najib charged with three counts under Anti-Money Laundering Act . . live . 20 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045851/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/08/najib-charged-with-three-counts/ . 20 September 2018.
  196. News: 8 August 2018 . KiniFlash - 8 Aug: Najib slapped with three more charges . . live . 20 September 2018 . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211104/x3qTUxYsFVg . 2021-11-04.
  197. Web site: Najib releases documents as proof of RM304.5mil donation from Saudi royalty - Nation The Star Online . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180918123552/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/11/najib-releases-documents-as-proof-of-rm304_5mil-donation-from-saudi-royalty/ . 18 September 2018 . 18 September 2018 . www.thestar.com.my.
  198. News: Najib reveals documents to prove RM2.6b in bank account was donation from Saudi royalty . en-US . Channel NewsAsia . live . 18 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180918123610/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/najib-reveals-documents-prove-rm2-6b-bank-saudi-donation-10703114 . 18 September 2018.
  199. News: 11 September 2018 . Najib reveals 'proof' of US$100m donation from Saudi royalty . The Edge Markets . live . 18 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160520/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/najib-reveals-proof-us100m-donation-saudi-royalty . 18 September 2018.
  200. News: 10 September 2018 . Najib shows 'proof' money in his account was Saudi royal donation . en-GB . Malaysiakini . live . 18 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180918091155/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/442569 . 18 September 2018.
  201. News: 19 September 2018 . Najib arrested, to be detained overnight . en-US . Free Malaysia Today . live . 20 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181014170858/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/09/19/najib-arrested-to-be-detained-overnight/ . 14 October 2018.
  202. News: 20 September 2018 . Najib arrested again, set to face new charges today . en . The Straits Times . 20 September 2018 . 20 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920084037/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/najib-arrested-again-set-to-face-new-charges-today . live .
  203. News: Najib arrested by MACC for RM2.6bil in his account, to be charged tomorrow (Sept 20) . . 20 September 2018 . 20 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045716/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/19/najib-arrested-by-macc-to-be-charged-sept20/ . live .
  204. News: Ng . Eileen . Malaysia's ex-PM pleads not guilty to new corruption charges . en . FOX5 Vegas KVVU . The Associated Presssociated . live . 21 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180921115329/https://www.fox5vegas.com/news/us_world_news/malaysia-s-ex-pm-pleads-not-guilty-to-new-corruption/article_4e455412-9005-5c9b-ba71-7925409cec8b.html . 21 September 2018.
  205. News: 21 September 2018 . Najib posts RM1 million bail, remaining RM2.5 million by next week . en-US . Free Malaysia Today . live . 21 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181016152921/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/09/21/najib-posts-rm1-million-bail-remaining-rm2-5-million-by-next-week/ . 16 October 2018.
  206. News: 21 September 2018 . Najib posts first portion of RM3.5 mil bail . The Edge Markets . live . 21 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180921114700/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/najib-posts-first-portion-rm35-million-bail . 21 September 2018.
  207. News: Anand . Ram . 28 July 2020 . Ex-Malaysian PM Najib gets 12 years' jail in 1MDB-linked graft trial . The Straits Times . live . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728032922/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/ex-malaysian-pm-najib-found-guilty-on-one-count-of-abuse-of-power-in-1mdb-linked-graft . 28 July 2020.
  208. News: 28 July 2020 . Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak found guilty of all seven charges related to 1MDB scandal . CNBC . live . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728045705/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/28/former-malaysian-prime-minister-najib-razak-found-guilty-in-1mdb-trial.html . 28 July 2020.
  209. News: 28 July 2020 . Despite SRC conviction, Najib avoids jail for now after High Court grants stay of execution pending appeal . . live . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728141154/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/28/after-high-court-verdict-najib-granted-stay-of-execution-pending-appeal/1888949 . 28 July 2020.
  210. News: 5 April 2021 . Malaysia's ex-PM Najib starts appeal over 1MDB conviction . . 5 April 2021 . 5 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210405041822/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-najib-razak-appeal-1mdb-conviction-sentence-jail-14558540 . live .
  211. News: 8 December 2021 . Malaysia's appeal court upholds Najib's 1MDB-linked conviction, calls his actions a 'national embarrassment' . Channel News Asia . 25 August 2022 . 15 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815011044/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-court-appeal-upholds-1mdb-najib-src-international-guilty-conviction-2363971 . live .
  212. Web site: Rodzi . Nadirah H. . 8 December 2021 . Malaysia's Court of Appeal upholds ex-PM Najib Razak's conviction in 1MDB-related case . 8 December 2021 . The Straits Times (Singapore) . en . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211208025349/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/security-tight-in-putrajaya-as-malaysian-court-set-to-deliver-verdict-in-najibs-appeal . live .
  213. Web site: Malaysian Court To Hear Final Appeal in Najib Corruption Case . 16 August 2022 . Voice of America . 16 August 2022 . 16 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220816121758/https://www.voanews.com/a/malaysian-court-to-hear-final-appeal-in-najib-corruption-case/6703362.html . live .
  214. Web site: Malaysia Top Court Rejects Najib's Bid to Add Evidence in Appeal . 15 August 2022 . Bloomberg .
  215. Web site: 23 Aug 2022 . Najib applies to recuse Tun Tengku Maimun from hearing his SRC appeal . 2 February 2024 . 5 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221005114446/https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2022/08/824804/najib-applies-recuse-tun-tengku-maimun-hearing-his-src-appeal-nsttv . live .
  216. Web site: Ikram . Izzul . Yatim . Hafiz . 2022-08-23 . Najib fails in bid to recuse Chief Justice . 2022-08-25 . The Edge Markets . 25 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220825105216/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/najib-fails-bid-recuse-chief-justice . live .
  217. Web site: 23 Aug 2022 . Najib loses appeal, headed to prison . 2 February 2024 . 23 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220823085241/https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2022/08/824958/najib-loses-appeal-headed-prison . live .
  218. Web site: 2022-08-23 . Guilty as charged: Federal Court upholds Najib's SRC conviction . 2022-08-23 . The Vibes . en . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094320/https://www.thevibes.com/articles/news/69392/guilty-as-charged-federal-court-upholds-najibs-src-conviction . live .
  219. Web site: 2022-08-24 . No VIP treatment for Najib, says Prisons Dept . 2022-08-24 . The Star . en . 6 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221006221758/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/08/24/no-vip-treatment-for-najib-says-prisons-dept . live .
  220. Web site: 2022-08-24 . No VIP treatment for ex-PM Najib, says Malaysia Prisons Department . The Straits Times . en . 2 February 2024 . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094146/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/no-vip-treatment-for-ex-pm-najib-says-malaysia-prisons-department . live .
  221. Web site: 2 February 2024 . Malaysia pardons board halves sentence of jailed ex-PM Najib, convicted in 1MDB scandal . 2 February 2024 . Rappler . en . 2 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180731/https://www.rappler.com/world/asia-pacific/malaysia-pardons-board-halves-sentence-jailed-najib-razak-convicted-1mdb-scandal/ . live .
  222. Web site: 4 April 2024 . Jailed former Malaysia premier Najib Razak seeks to serve remaining sentence under house arrest . 4 April 2024 . Associated Press . en .
  223. Web site: 3 July 2024 . Malaysian court tosses jailed ex-Prime Minister Najib’s bid to serve graft sentence in house arrest . 3 July 2024 . Associated Press . en .
  224. News: Malaysian PM Najib to solemnise daughter's marriage to Kazakhstan President's nephew. 6 January 2017. The Straits Times. 19 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170107003835/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-najib-to-solemnise-daughters-marriage-to-kazakhstan-presidents-nephew. 7 January 2017. live.
  225. News: Najib Razak appears secure, but looks can deceive. 6 January 2017. The Economist. 6 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170106143539/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21713838-opposition-has-chance-strike-najib-razak-appears-secure-looks-can-deceive. 6 January 2017. live.
  226. Web site: 2016-03-31 . Report: Najib spent US$15m on holidays, shopping and jewellery . Malaysiakini . 15 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231215231805/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/335950 . live .
  227. Web site: 2018-05-20 . Handbag and jewellery haul puts Rosmah Mansor in spotlight . New Straits Times . 2 February 2024 . 15 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231215225525/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/371297/handbag-and-jewellery-haul-puts-rosmah-mansor-spotlight . live .
  228. Web site: 2018-06-09 . Inside the lavish world of Malaysia's Rosmah Mansor . Arab News . en . 22 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231022153236/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1318396/world . live .
  229. News: Ellis-Petersen . Hannah . 2018-05-18 . Malaysia police seize hundreds of designer handbags from Najib Razak's flat . en-GB . The Guardian . 0261-3077 . 10 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231210001605/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/18/malaysia-police-seize-hundreds-of-designer-handbags-from-najib-razaks-flat . live .
  230. News: 2019-07-16 . Ex-Malaysian PM Najib spent $1.1m at luxury jewellery outlet in Italy in one day using credit cards, court hears . en . The Straits Times . 0585-3923 . 16 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231216002732/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/najib-spent-11-million-at-luxury-jewellery-outlet-in-italy-in-one-day-using-credit . live .
  231. News: In Hawaii, Obama golfs with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak. The Washington Post. 24 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150814113308/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2014/12/24/in-hawaii-obama-golfs-with-malaysian-prime-minister-najib-razak/. 14 August 2015. live.
  232. News: Donald Trump has friends, but few ambitions, in South-East Asia. The Economist. 2 November 2017. 3 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171103045112/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730916-he-happy-gladhand-regions-strongmen-donald-trump-has-friends-few-ambitions. 3 November 2017. live.
  233. News: 2017-10-26 . New Zealand's 'first cat' and other political pets . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-02-11 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171109143048/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41757958 . live .
  234. News: Sultan of Pahang's birthday honours list 2010. 27 October 2010. The Star. 25 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181025071012/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2010/10/27/sultan-of-pahangs-birthday-honours-list-2010/. 25 October 2018. live.
  235. News: Sarawak Honours List 2008. 5 November 2008. The Star. 25 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181025071311/https://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2008%2F11%2F5%2Fsouthneast%2F2444483. 25 October 2018. live.
  236. Web site: DPMS 1992. awards.selangor.gov.my. 2 February 2024. 1 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094411/https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=27&subcat=D.P.M.S.. live.
  237. News: Sultan Selangor tarik darjah kebesaran Najib, Rosmah . Malaysia Gazette . Khairulanuar Yahya . 12 September 2022 . 12 September 2022 . ms . 12 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912084814/https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/09/12/sultan-selangor-tarik-darjah-kebesaran-najib-rosmah/ . dead .
  238. Web site: SPMS 2004. awards.selangor.gov.my. 2 February 2024. 1 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231001094329/https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=11&subcat=S.P.M.S.. live.
  239. News: Najib dahului 126 penerima darjah, bintang. 11 December 2004. Utusan Malaysia. 25 October 2018. ms. https://web.archive.org/web/20181025071529/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2004&dt=1211&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Dalam_Negeri&pg=dn_02.htm. 25 October 2018. live.
  240. News: 10 May 2019. 10 May 2019. Malaysiakini. Selangor ruler suspends titles bestowed on Najib, Rosmah pending court cases. https://web.archive.org/web/20190510071705/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/475634. 10 May 2019. dead.
  241. News: Sultan of Perak's birthday honours list. 20 April 2004. The Star. 25 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181012214519/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2004/04/20/sultan-of-peraks-birthday-honours-list/. 12 October 2018. live.
  242. Web site: Malaysiakini. 26 October 2018. 26 October 2018. Negeri ruler strips Najib, Rosmah of Datuk Seri titles. Bernama. 26 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181026050433/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/449076. live.
  243. News: Najib heads Malacca awards. 13 October 2007. The Star. 25 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185504/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2007/10/13/najib-heads-malacca-awards/. 24 September 2018. live.
  244. Web site: SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT. Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia). 25 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195551/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp. 19 July 2019. live.
  245. News: Najib receives award from Penang Governor. 13 October 2009. The Star. 25 October 2018. 25 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181025071319/https://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2009%2F10%2F13%2Fnation%2F4894664&sec=nation. dead.
  246. News: Penang governor revokes Najib's title. 15 September 2022. Free Malaysia Today. 15 September 2022. 15 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220915041810/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2022/09/15/penang-governor-revokes-najibs-title/. live.
  247. Web site: Najib set to receive Bahrain's highest award. 15 December 2017. The Star. 15 January 2021. 27 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210127175949/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/12/15/najib-set-to-receive-bahrains-highest-award/. live.
  248. Web site: Bahrain visit yields positive, meaningful results - Najib. 17 December 2017. New Starits Times. 15 January 2021. 27 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220127175226/https://www.nst.com.my/amp/news/nation/2017/12/315197/bahrain-visit-yields-positive-meaningful-results-najib. live.
  249. Web site: Najib to be conferred Brunei title. 13 July 2010. The Star. 25 October 2018. Bernama. 5 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230205214938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/07/13/najib-to-be-conferred-brunei-title/. live.
  250. Web site: Highest honour for PM. 18 January 2010. The Star. 15 January 2021. 26 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201026022618/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/01/18/highest-honour-for-pm. live.
  251. Web site: PM Najib receives Union Medal from UAE. 18 May 2014. Astro Awani. 15 January 2021. 21 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201412/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-dunia/pm-najib-receives-union-medal-uae-36089?amp=1. live.
  252. Web site: 18 February 2021. 20 April 2008. The Star (Malaysia). Najib dedicates honorary doctorate to his father. 23 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220823144448/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2008/04/20/najib-dedicates-honorary-doctorate-to-his-father. live.
  253. Web site: 18 February 2021. 5 March 2011. AsiaOne. Monash University awards PM with honorary doctorate. 29 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171029040524/http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20110305-266607.html. live.
  254. Web site: 18 February 2021. 20 April 2010. The Star (Malaysia). Najib conferred honorary doctorate by Meiji University. 23 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220423094311/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/04/20/najib-conferred-honorary-doctorate-by-meiji-university. live.
  255. Web site: 18 February 2021. 22 January 2013. The Star (Malaysia). PM offers to help unite Fatah and Hamas. 23 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220823144449/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/01/22/pm-offers-to-help-unite-fatah-and-hamas/. live.
  256. Web site: 2016-02-01 . Najib Razak: Asia's worst finance minister 2016 finance minister of the year, najib razak, malaysia, 1mdb . FinanceAsia . 31 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531082117/https://www.financeasia.com/article/najib-razak-asias-worst-finance-minister-2016/405600 . live .
  257. Web site: 2016-02-02 . Malaysian PM Najib Razak named Asia Pacific's worst finance minister . AsiaOne . en . 26 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211226145749/https://www.asiaone.com/malaysian-pm-najib-razak-named-asia-pacifics-worst-finance-minister . live .
  258. Web site: Middleton . Rachel . 2016-02-03 . Malaysia's Prime Minister Najib Razak named Asia's worst finance minister 2016 . International Business Times UK . en . 26 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211226145739/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/malaysias-prime-minister-najib-razak-named-asias-worst-finance-minister-2016-1541620 . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Najib Razak".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.