Daruma-ji explained

Daruma-ji
Native Name:達磨寺, だるまじ
Native Name Lang:ja
Map Type:Japan Nara Prefecture#Japan
Prefecture:Nara
Municipality:Kitakatsuragi
Country:Japan
Religious Affiliation:Buddhist
Coordinates:34.59°N 135.7067°W

Daruma-ji (Japanese: 達磨寺|lit=Daruma Temple|links=no, also called Daruma-dera) is a Zen Buddhist temple in the city of Ōji in the Kitakatsuragi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan and is one of the 28 historical Sites of Prince Shōtoku.

History

The founding of the temple is associated with an event recorded in the 8th century work Nihon Shoki.[1] In Book XXII, Prince Shōtoku met a man in December 613. The man was starving, and Prince Shōtoku tried to feed him and give him aid, but the man died of hunger and Prince Shōtoku had a kofun built for him.[2] Days later, Prince Shōtoku declared that the man was a sage and had a messenger inspect the tomb, which was undisturbed but empty when opened.[3] In Nihon Shoki the sage is unnamed, but was later attributed as Daruma (Japanese: 達磨|lit=[[Bodhidharma]]|links=no).[4] [5]

The Daruma-ji temple was built at the kofun in the early 13th century during the Kamakura period.[6] [7] The temple was razed in the early 14th century by Buddhists who opposed the spread of the Zen school in Japan.[8] It was rebuilt in 1430 under the direction of Ashikaga Yoshinori.[9] The temple was burned down by Matsunaga Hisahide in the 16th century during the Sengoku period, and subsequently rebuilt by the order of Emperor Ōgimachi.[10]

Cultural artifacts

Daruma-ji has a statue memorializing Prince Shōtoku's dog Yukimaru,[11] [12] who was said to be able to understand speech and could read Buddhist writings.[13] Yukimaru's association with Daruma-ji inspired the city of Ōji to use Yukimaru as the Yuru-chara (mascot) for the city beginning in 2013.[14]

Daruma-ji has several artifacts that are designated as cultural properties. The hōjō was constructed in 1667 and became a prefecture-designated tangible cultural property in 1989.[15]

The Daruma-ji Chukoki Sekido (Japanese: 達磨寺中興記石幢|lit=Stone Column Recording the Revival of Daruma-ji|links=no) is a stone monument erected in 1448, describing the restoration of the temple during the Muromachi period, which was supported by the Muromachi bakufu. The stone became a nationally designated important cultural property in 1923. In 2000, a stone was found in the base of the Chukoki stone which was inscribed in 1442, along with a Bizen ware pot and an incense burner that were subsequently assigned as nationally designated cultural properties.[16]

The temple has a wooden seated statue of Daruma, made in 1430 and commissioned by Ashikaga Yoshinori, that was designated as an important cultural property in 1909.[17] The temple also has a wooden seated statue of Prince Shōtoku that was designated as an important cultural property in 1923.[18] A pair of paintings at the temple, one of Prince Shōtoku and one of Daruma, are designated as important cultural property[19] along with a silk painting of the Buddha's death. The silk painting was originally held by the temple[20] and is now held at the Nara National Museum.[21] A wooden seated statue of Senju Kannon created during the Muromachi period was designated a tangible cultural property in 2005.[22]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Winkel, Margarita . Beerens . Anna . Teeuwen . Mark . https://books.google.com/books?id=fQoyAQAAQBAJ&dq=%E9%81%94%E7%A3%A8%E5%AF%BA&pg=PA19 . Uncharted Waters: Intellectual Life in the Edo Period . Entertainment and Education . . 2012 . 978-90-04-22901-3 . Leiden . 19–21 . January 11, 2023 . January 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111040821/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Uncharted_Waters_Intellectual_Life_in_th/fQoyAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E9%81%94%E7%A3%A8%E5%AF%BA&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover . live .
  2. Web site: Darumaji: A stone stupa deposited upright, a new facet of Medieval Buddhist relic belief . https://web.archive.org/web/20210923052420/http://archaeology.jp/sites/daruma/index.html . September 23, 2021 . October 25, 2022 . archaeology.jp.
  3. Book: Aston, W.G. . Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 . The Japan Society . 1896 . London . 144–145 . 9780524053478 . October 28, 2022 . January 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111040821/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Nihongi/1IJrNAKBpycC?hl=en&gbpv=1 . live .
  4. Borgen . Robett . March 2006 . A Record of Seven Generations: Fragments of Bodhidharma, Huisi, Prince Shōtoku, and Jōjin . Nihon Kanbun Kenkyū 日本漢文学研究 . 8 . October 28, 2022 . October 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001838/https://www.nishogakusha-kanbun.net/01kanbun-16borgen.pdf . live .
  5. Faure . Bernard . 2011 . From Bodhidharma to Daruma: The Hidden Life of a Zen Patriarch . Japan Review . 23 . 23 . 48 . 41304923.
  6. Web site: 達磨寺 . Daruma-ji Temple . https://web.archive.org/web/20220817041036/http://mahoroba.lib.nara-wu.ac.jp/aic/gdb/mahoroba/y09/index.html . August 17, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . Naru Women's University . Japanese.
  7. Web site: 片岡山 達磨寺 . Kataokayama Darima-ji Temple . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001953/https://www.darumaji.jp/index.html . October 28, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . Darumaji.jp . Japanese.
  8. Jorgensen . John . 2013 . The Zen Commentary on the Lankavatara Sutra by Kokan Shiren (1278–1346) and its chief antecedent, the commentary by the Khotanese monk Zhiyan . Annual Report of the Institute for Zen Studies . 32 . 32 . January 11, 2023 . November 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221104140907/https://www.zenbunka.or.jp/pub_etc/pub/docs/kiyou/032_%E9%80%86%E4%B8%8102John.pdf . live .
  9. Book: The Japan Weekly Mail: A Review of Japanese Commerce, Politics, Literature, and Art . 1890 . 405 . Darumaji, at Oaza Oji, Oji-mura, Kazashimu-gan, built by Ashikaga Yoshinori in the 2nd year of Eikyo, to replace the temple erected on the same site some centuries before by Shotoka Taishi, is 461 years old. . October 28, 2022 . January 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111040822/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Japan_Daily_Mail/A4Q9AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Darumaji%22&pg=PA405&printsec=frontcover . live .
  10. Web site: 達磨寺の見どころとぎもん . Highlights of Daruma-ji . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001843/https://www.darumaji.jp/highlight.html?cid=1 . October 28, 2022 . October 26, 2022 . darumaji.jp . Japanese.
  11. News: Ainley . Nathaniel . February 25, 2017 . A Tiny Japanese Town Built a Very Good Doggy Drone . . October 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001844/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vvq5gy/tiny-japanese-town-built-a-very-good-doggy-drone . October 28, 2022.
  12. Web site: Jordan . Alec . February 27, 2017 . Will This Flying Puppy Drone Bring the Tourists to Oji in Droves? . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001844/https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2017/02/will-a-flying-puppy-drone-bring-the-tourists-to-oji-in-droves/ . October 28, 2022 . October 27, 2022 . Tokyo Weekender.
  13. News: Fukunaga . Masaki . March 1, 2018 . Nara mascot seeks breakthrough in Year of the Dog . . October 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001842/https://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/03/01/news/nara-mascot-seeks-breakthrough-in-year-of-the-dog/ . October 28, 2022.
  14. News: Le Blanc . Steven . M . Masami . February 21, 2017 . Oji Town unleashes ultimate PR tool: a flying puppy! . Sora News 24 . October 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028111658/https://soranews24.com/2017/02/21/oji-town-unleashes-ultimate-pr-tool-a-flying-puppy/ . October 28, 2022.
  15. Web site: June 30, 2016 . 達磨寺方丈 . Hojo of Daruma-ji . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002440/https://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main00092.html . October 28, 2022 . October 27, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.
  16. Web site: June 30, 2016 . 達磨寺中興記石幢 . Stone Column Recording the Revival of Daruma-ji . https://web.archive.org/web/20220129045941/http://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main00089.html . January 29, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.
  17. Web site: July 13, 2016 . 木造達磨坐像(所在：達磨寺) . Wooden seated Daruma statue (Location:Daruma-ji) . https://web.archive.org/web/20211204224630/http://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main00062.html . December 4, 2021 . October 24, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.
  18. Web site: July 13, 2016 . 木造聖徳太子坐像(所在：達磨寺) . Wooden seated statue of Prince Shōtoku (Location:Daruma-ji) . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028001846/https://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main00061.html . October 28, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.
  19. Web site: July 13, 2016 . 聖徳太子画像及び達磨大師画像(所在：達磨寺) . Images of Prince Shōtoku and Daruma Daishi (Location:Daruma-ji) . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002052/http://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main00064.html . October 28, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.
  20. Book: Monbushō, Shūkyōkyoku . Handbook of the Old Shrines and Temples and Their Treasures in Japan . Bureau of Religions, Department of Education . 1920 . Tokyo . 3–4 . October 28, 2022 . January 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230111040833/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_the_Old_Shrines_and_Temples/nR0tAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Darumaji%22&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover . live .
  21. Web site: August 1, 2018 . 絹本著色涅槃図 . Painting of Nirvana on Silk . https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002313/http://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main02602.html . October 28, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.
  22. Web site: June 30, 2016 . 木造千手観音坐像(所在：達磨寺) . Wooden seated Senju Kannon (Location:Daruma-ji) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220415052839/https://www.pref.nara.jp/miryoku/ikasu-nara/bunkashigen/main00093.html . April 15, 2022 . October 24, 2022 . pref.nara.jp . Japanese.

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